miR-200c/ZEB1/E-cadherin轴在胆管癌转移侵袭中的作用及对胆管癌预后评估的价值

目的:探讨微小RNA-200c(miR-200c)/锌指转录因子(ZEB1)/E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)在胆管癌(HCCA)转移、侵袭中的作用及对HCCA预后评估的临床价值。方法:选取2020年08月至2022年12月间我院收治的胆管癌患者36例为研究对象,同时选取胆管良性疾病患者(胆总管结石或胆管良性狭窄)20例作为对照。采用原位杂交、实时荧光定量PCR检测miR-200c在HCCA患者组织及血清中的表达;生存曲线分析miR-200c表达与总生存期的相关性;Transwell实验检测细胞的迁移及侵袭能力;免疫印迹检测ZEB1及E-cadherin蛋白的表达。体内研究构建裸鼠成瘤实验,采用免疫组化检测ZEB1及E-cadherin蛋白的表达;Tunel技术检测组织中的凋亡情况。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估生物标志物对胆管癌预后的诊断效能。结果:miR-200c低表达于HCCA组织及血清中;生存曲线分析显示,miR-200c表达与患者的总生存期呈正相关性,TNM分期与患者的总生存期呈负相关性;miR-200c mimics抑制了胆管癌细胞的迁移和侵袭能力,并降低ZEB1表达而诱导E-cadherin表达;转染ZEB1逆转miR-200c的作用效应,促进胆管癌细胞的迁移和侵袭特性,抑制胆管癌细胞的凋亡。CA199、CEA和miR-200c联合检测诊断胆管癌预后的ROC曲线下面积为0.892,灵敏度0.8611,特异度0.8000。结论:miR-200c/ZEB1/Ecadherin轴参与胆管癌的转移侵袭;CA199、CEA和miR-200c联合检测对胆管癌预后的诊断效能良好,对临床胆管癌的治疗策略具有重要指导价值。

芪贞归脾汤辅助治疗对食管癌伴锁骨上淋巴结转移患者细胞E-cadherin表达的影响

目的探讨芪贞归脾汤辅助治疗对食管癌伴锁骨上淋巴结转移患者细胞钙黏素(E-cadherin)表达的影响。方法选取2016年1月—2021年1月食管癌伴锁骨上淋巴结转移病例96例,随机编号方法分两组,各48例,对照组采用常规放疗;在此基础上,观察组采用芪贞归脾汤辅助治疗,持续治疗8周。治疗前后评价中医证候积分、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI)、免疫功能、细胞角蛋白19片段(cytokeratin 19 fragment,CYFRA21-1)、癌胚抗原(carcinoembryonic antigen,CEA)、癌抗原(cancer antigen 125,CA125)、E-cadherin和不良反应情况。结果观察组治疗后咽下困难、胸闷不舒、形体消瘦、气短乏力等积分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组治疗后睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、催眠药物、日间功能障碍等评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组治疗后CD^(+)_(3)、CD^(+)_(4)、CD^(+)_(4)/CD^(+)_(8)高于对照组,CD^(+)_(8)低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组治疗后血清CYFRA21-1、CEA、CA125低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组治疗后E-cadherin阳性率72.92%高于对照组54.17%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组放射性皮炎、恶心呕吐、白细胞减少、肝功能异常、神经毒性等不良反应比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论芪贞归脾汤辅助治疗可以提高食管癌伴锁骨上淋巴结转移患者的免疫功能和睡眠质量,降低肿瘤标志物及E-cadherin的表达,安全性高。

Experimental verification of nanonization enhanced solubility for poorly soluble optoelectronic molecules

Solubility enhancement has been a priority to overcome poor solubility with optoelectronic molecules for solution-processable devices. This study aims to obtain experimental data on the effect of particle sizes on the solubility properties of several typical optoelectronic molecules in organic solvents, including the solubility results of 1,3-bis(9-carbazolyl)benzene(m CP), 1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)ben zene(TPBi) and 2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-5-(4-biphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole(PBD) in ethanol and acetonitrile,respectively. Nanoparticles of m CP, TPBi and PBD with sizes from dozens to several hundred nanometers were prepared by solvent antisolvent precipitation method and their solubility were determined by using isothermal saturation method. The saturation solubility of nanoparticles of three kinds of optoelectronic molecules exhibited increase of 12.9%-25.7% in comparison to the same raw materials in the form of microparticles. The experimental evidence indicates that nanonization technology is a feasible way to make optoelectronic molecules dissolve in liquids with enhanced solubility.

Quantification of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors in experimental and clinical samples using the nanobody-based ELISA

To ensure proper dosage of a drug,analytical quantification of it in biofluid is necessary.Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry(LC-MS)is the conventional method of choice as it permits accurate identification and quantification.However,it requires expensive instrumentation and is not appropriate for bedside use.Using soluble epoxide hydrolase(sEH)inhibitors(EC5026 and TPPU)as examples,we report development of a nanobody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)for such small molecules and its use to accurately quantify the drug chemicals in human samples.Under optimized conditions,two nanobody-based ELISAs were successfully established for EC5026 and TPPU with low limits of detection of 0.085 ng/mL and 0.31 ng/mL,respectively,and two order of magnitude linear ranges with high precision and accuracy.The assay was designed to detect parent and two biologically active metabolites in the investigation of a new drug candidate EC5026.In addition,the ELISAs displayed excellent correlation with LC-MS analysis and evaluation of inhibitory potency.The results indicate that nanobody-based ELISA methods can efficiently analyze drug like compounds.These methods could be easily implemented by the bedside,in the field in remote areas or in veterinary practice.This work illustrates that nanobody based assays offer alternative and supplementary analytical tools to mass spectrometry for monitoring small molecule medicines during clinical development and therapy.Attributes of nanobody based pharmaceutical assays are discussed.

卵巢浆液性癌中miR-182和E-cadherin的表达及意义

目的检测卵巢浆液性癌中微小RNA-182(microRNA-182,miR-182)和上皮型粘附素(E-cadherin)的表达,探讨其相关性及临床意义。方法选择行卵巢浆液性癌根治性手术的患者59例作为研究组,选择行手术治疗的卵巢浆液性囊腺瘤患者59例作为对照组,应用实时荧光定量PCR法检测组织中miR-182的表达,应用免疫组化法检测组织E-cadherin的表达。结果研究组中miR-182的表达量(1.83±0.32)明显高于对照组(1.31±0.31)(t=4.59,P=0.012),研究组中E-cadherin表达阳性率(47.46%)明显低于对照组(84.75%)(X~2=18.31,P=0.000)。miR-182和E-cadherin在卵巢浆液性癌不同级别(2.01±0.29 vs.1.66±0.22)(27.59%vs.66.67%)、不同肿瘤最大径(1.93±0.22 vs.1.64±0.39)(28.21%vs.85.00%)及有无脉管癌栓(1.80±0.15 vs.2.03±0.20)(20.00%vs.53.06%)的比较中差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而在不同年龄、有无淋巴结转移分组的比较中差别无统计学意义(P>0.05)。线性相关分析显示研究组中miR-182与E-cadherin呈负相关性(r=-0.57,P=0.008)。生存分析显示miR-182的表达与患者生存时间有关(P<0.05)。结论miR-182和E-cadherin在卵巢浆液性癌中异常表达且具有相关性,组织中miR-182高表达提示不良预后。

卵巢肿瘤患者血清E-cadherin、CK19表达与病理特征的相关性

目的探讨卵巢肿瘤患者血清E-cadherin、CK19表达与病理特征的相关性。方法将88例接受根治性手术治疗的卵巢肿瘤患者设为卵巢肿瘤组,选择同期在本院体检的88名健康人群为正常组。检测卵巢肿瘤组与对照组的E-cadherin、CK19表达表达水平,调查卵巢肿瘤患者的病理特征、预后并进行相关性分析。结果卵巢肿瘤组的血清E-cadherin、CK19含量均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。卵巢肿瘤患者中,淋巴结转移19例、鳞癌48例、腺癌40例;Ⅰ期50例、Ⅱ期38例;高分化38例、中分化28例,低分化22例。Spearsman相关分析显示,患者的临床分期、组织学分化、淋巴结转移、肿瘤最大直径与血清E-cadherin、CK19含量均存在相关性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Cox比例风险模型分析显示,血清E-cadherin、CK19含量都为影响患者预后中位生存时间的重要因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论卵巢肿瘤患者多伴随有血清E-cadherin、CK19的高表达,血清E-cadherin、CK19表达水平与病理特征存在相关性,也是影响患者预后的重要危险因素。

Eukaryotic expression, purification and activity characterization of human soluble DSG2 extracellular domain protein

Objective:To construct a secretory eukaryotic expression vector of DSG2 fused with the Fc region of the human IgG,to validate its expression in 293T cells,and to purify the secretory protein with biological activity.Methods:The DSG2 extracellular domain fragment gene(DSG2ex),was amplified by PCR,and was inserted into the eukaryotic expression plasmid pCMV3-IgG1 to construct the recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid-pCMV3-DSG2ex-IgG1.The successfully constructed eukaryotic expression plasmid was transfected into 293T cells to express and secrete DSG2 extracellular domain protein.The targeted protein was purified from the cell culture supernatant by Protein A affinity chromatography and confirmed by Western Blotting and ELISA.Results:The pCMV3-DSG2ex-IgG1 eukaryotic expression plasmid was successfully constructed.The highest protein expression level was obtained with 293T cells after 96 h of transfection.The relative molecular mass of the purified product was between 100 and 130 kDa was estimated by SDS-PAGE,which was consistent with the expectation.The yield of the purified protein reached 0.8 mg/ml with a purity over 90%.The purified DSG2 extracellular domain protein with IgG1 tag was recognized by IgG monoclonal antibodies by Western blotting.Moreover,the ELISA results showed that the prepared DSG2 extracellular domain protein had significant binding activity to human type 55 adenovirus Fiber Knob protein(HAdV-55).Conclusion:A simple and efficient method for eukaryotic expression and purification of human soluble DSG2 extracellular domain protein was successfully established,and biologically active DSG2 extracellular domain protein was purified,which laid the foundation for the later study of its protein function and anti-adenovirus drugs.

Elevated soluble fas blood concentrations in patients dying from spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage

BACKGROUND Several studies of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage(SICH)patients have shown apoptotic changes in brain samples after hematoma evacuation.However,there have been no data on the association between blood concentrations of soluble fas(sFas)(the main surface death receptor of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway)and the prognosis of spontaneous intracranial hypotension(SIH)patients.AIM To determine whether there is an association between blood sFas concentrations and SICH patient mortality.METHODS We included patients with severe and supratentorial SIH.Severe was defined as having Glasgow Coma Scale<9.We determined serum sFas concentrations at the time of severe SICH diagnosis.RESULTS We found that non-surviving patients(n=36)compared to surviving patients(n=39)had higher ICH score(P=0.001),higher midline shift(P=0.004),higher serum sFas concentrations(P<0.001),and lower rate of early hematoma evacuation(P=0.04).Multiple logistic regression analysis showed an association between serum sFas concentrations and 30-d mortality(odds ratio=1.070;95%confidence interval=1.014-1.129;P=0.01)controlling for ICH score,midline shift,and early hematoma evacuation.CONCLUSION The association of blood sFas concentrations and SICH patient mortality is a novel finding in our study.

超声测定PI、RI、Vmax结合血清sE-cadherin、CYFRA21-1对乳腺癌良恶性及淋巴结转移的诊断价值

目的研究超声测定的搏动指数(PI)、血流阻力指数(RI)、最大血流值(Vmax)结合血清可溶性E-钙黏连蛋白(sE-cadherin)、细胞角蛋白19片段(CYFRA21-1)对乳腺癌良恶性及腋窝淋巴结转移的诊断价值。方法选择242例乳腺肿块女性患者,年龄43~67岁,平均年龄55.23岁;身体质量指数19.5~28.9 kg/m^(2),平均身体质量指数24.12 kg/m^(2);病程4~8个月,平均病程6.45个月;均为初次入院就诊。彩色多普勒超声仪测定PI、RI和Vmax,并在术前采集空腹外周血,酶联免疫吸附分析测定血清sE-cadherin和CYFRA21-1。根据病理组织诊断结果将患者分成乳腺癌组(n=132)和乳腺良性组(n=110),并将乳腺癌患者分成腋窝淋巴结转移组(n=74)和腋窝淋巴结未转移组(n=58)。单因素分析临床资料,Logistic回归分析乳腺癌发生和腋窝淋巴结转移的独立影响因素,通过受试者工作特性(ROC)曲线分析各指标及回归分析诊断效能。结果乳腺良恶性病变区分ROC曲线结果表明,PI临界值1.34,灵敏度为69.70%,特异度为70.91%,曲线下面积(AUC)为0.801[95%可信区间(CI)0.750~0.852];RI诊断的临界值为0.69,灵敏度为65.15%,特异度65.45%,AUC为0.762(95%CI 0.707~0.812);Vmax诊断的临界值为13.11 m/s,灵敏度为59.85%,特异度60.00%,AUC为0.627(95%CI 0.564~0.699);血清sE-cadherin诊断的临界值为24.18 ng/mL,灵敏度为62.88%,特异度58.18%,AUC为0.709(95%CI 0.645~0.771);血清CYFRA21-1诊断的临界值为9.55 g/mL,灵敏度为74.24%,特异度75.45%,AUC为0.817(95%CI 0.769~0.865)。将回归预测方程作为新变量P,在最佳临界切点时,回归分析灵敏度81.82%,特异度79.09%,AUC为0.867(95%CI 0.829~0.908),回归分析灵敏度显著高于各指标单独检测(P<0.05)。乳腺癌淋巴结转移分析ROC曲线结果表明,PI临界值1.58,灵敏度为79.73%,特异度为68.97%,AUC为0.815(95%CI 0.727~0.902);RI诊断的临界值为0.83,灵敏度为63.51%,特异度70.69%,AUC为0.701(95%CI 0.558~0.844);Vmax诊断的临界值为17.36 m/s,灵敏度为54.05%,特异度55.17%,AUC为0.516(95%CI 0.384~0.649);血清sE-cadherin诊断的临界值为34.52 ng/mL,灵敏度为82.43%,特异度60.34%,AUC为0.755(95%CI 0.653~0.856);血清CYFRA21-1诊断的临界值为13.10 g/mL,灵敏度为60.81%,特异度65.52%,AUC为0.563(95%CI 0.426~0.701)。将回归预测方程作为新变量P,在最佳临界切点时,回归分析灵敏度85.14%,特异度84.48%,AUC为0.893(95%CI 0.816~0.970),回归分析灵敏度显著高于各指标单独检测(P<0.05)。结论超声参数及血清sE-cadherin和CYFRA21-1在乳腺癌和腋窝淋巴结中异常表达,且PI、RI、Vmax和血清sE-cadherin、CYFRA21-1单独和Logistic回归分析可应用于乳腺恶性病变和淋巴结转移的预测和诊断。

壮方柔肝化纤颗粒对CCl_(4)复合因素诱导肝纤维化大鼠模型的干预效应及其对α-SMA、E-Cadherin表达的影响

目的:研究壮方柔肝化纤颗粒对CCl_(4)复合因素诱导肝纤维化大鼠模型的干预效应及其对α-SMA、E-Cadherin蛋白表达的影响。方法:选取48只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分成空白组、病理模型组与柔肝化纤颗粒组,每组均为16只。病理模型组与柔肝化纤颗粒组大鼠皮下注射40%四氯化碳(CCl_(4))油剂联合花生油复合因素建立大鼠肝纤维化动物模型,第5周起给予柔肝化纤颗粒灌胃给药,每周灌胃3次,连续8周,8周后检测肝功能转氨酶指标(ALT、AST),通过HE染色、Masson染色、免疫组化等方法,对比分析各组大鼠肝组织的病理学形态改变,采用酶联免疫分析(ELISA)检测大鼠氧化应激氧化物歧化酶(SOD)与丙二醛(MDA)的表达,并采用RT-PCR、Western Blot等方法检测α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、E-钙粘蛋白(E-Cadherin)的表达。结果:与空白组比较,病理模型组大鼠血清的ALT、AST水平明显升高,柔肝化纤颗粒组大鼠血清ALT、AST水平均明显下降(P均<0.001)。病理模型组大鼠肝组织内的小叶结构已残缺,出现众多肝脏纤维组织异常增生,增生所形成的胶原纤维汇合成密集的纤维间隔,从而变成假小叶结构,假小叶结构内部出现大量形态各异、大小不均的脂肪变性的肝细胞,炎症细胞弥漫性浸润显著。与病理模型组相比,柔肝化纤颗粒组肝小叶结构被破坏的程度显著减轻,有不同程度增生的胶原纤维组织集中在中央静脉至汇管区范围,纤维间隔相对疏松,有少量炎症细胞浸润,浸润程度较病理模型组减轻。与病理模型组比较,柔肝化纤颗粒组SOD水平较病理模型组与空白组明显升高(P<0.001),柔肝化纤颗粒组MDA水平较病理模型组明显下降(P<0.001),柔肝化纤颗粒组α-SMA的表达水平明显降低(P<0.001),E-Cadherin的表达水平均明显升高(P<0.001)。结论:柔肝化纤颗粒能有效抑制肝纤维组织增生,降低CCl_(4)联合花生油复合溶液联合诱导肝纤维化大鼠血清的ALT、AST水平,其抗肝纤维化机制可能是通过保护肝功能、降低氧化应激水平、下调α-SMA蛋白的表达、上调E-cadherin蛋白的表达、抑制上皮细胞-间充质转化(epithelial mesenchymal transformation,EMT)从而对CCl_(4)复合因素诱导肝纤维大鼠化发挥治疗作用。

Solvent de binding of water soluble binder in powder injection moulding

The solvent debinding of water soluble binder in powder injection moulding (MIM) was investigated systematically, including the effects of solvent types, temperature and the thickness of green parts on the solvent debinding rate. After studying the debinding of a green part with a thickness of 4.26 mm, it was found that, the debinding rate of polyethylene glycol(PEG) in water and alcohol was high initially, and then decreased; however, it would increase with temperature increasing. At room temperature, the dissolution rate of PEG in water was higher than that in alcohol, but the latter would be much faster with temperature increasing because the debinding activation energy in alcohol was 51.44 kJ·mol -1 ·K -1 , much higher than 24.23 kJ·mol -1 ·K -1 in water. With a green part thickness larger than 4.26 mm, the debinding was controlled by diffusion; but with that smaller than 2.36 mm, the debinding was controlled by both dissolution and diffusion.

Effect of Alkali Stress on Soluble Sugar, Antioxidant Enzymes and Yield of Oat

Alkali stress can cause severe crop damage and reduce production. However, physiological processes involved in alkali stress in oat seedlings are not well understood. In this study, physiological responses and yield of oat to alkali stress were studied using the alkali-tolerant oat genotype Vao-9 and the alkali-sensitive oat genotype Baiyan 5. The results were： （i） low concentrations of alkali stress （25 and 50 mmol L^-1） significantly reduced the yield and grain weight while increased the oat grain number per spike. A negative correlation between yield and malondialdehyde （MDA） content at the jointing and grain filling stages and positive correlations between yield on one hand and superoxide dismutase （SOD）, and peroxidase （POD） activities on the other at the jointing stage were observed. There was a positive correlation between MDA and soluble sugar at the grain filling stage; （ii） soluble sugar content was increased at the jointing and grain filling stages and decreased at the heading stage by alkali stress; （iii） alkali stress increased the SOD activity during the heading and grain filling stages, and increased the POD activity at the heading stage. As compared to the control, the increase of MDA contents in alkali-treated oat was observed, during the jointing, heading and grain filling stages; （iv） under alkali stress, the oat genotype Vao-9 showed higher antioxidant enzyme activity and lower soluble sugar contents during the heading stage, and lower MDA contents than those in the oat genotype Baiyan 5 under alkali stress. The result suggested that the high ROS scavenging capacity and soluble sugar levels might play roles in oat response to alkali stress,

Soluble endoglin和sFlt-1在子痫前期患者血清中的表达

目的探讨可溶性CD105淋巴细胞抗原及可溶性血管内皮生长因子受体1(sFlt-1)在子痫前期患者血清中表达水平的变化及意义。方法采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法测定子痫前期组、子痫前期各个亚组及正常晚期妊娠组血清sEng及sFlt-1的水平。结果①子痫前期组孕妇血清sEng、sFlt-1水平分别为(5.27±1.05)ng/mL、(391.14±70.25)pg/mL,正常晚期妊娠组分别为(1.26±0.40)ng/mL、(27.57±4.36)pg/mL,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);②轻度子痫前期组sEng水平与重度子痫前期组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),两组sFlt-1水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);③早发型重度子痫前期组sEng水平与晚发型重度子痫前期组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),两组sFlt-1水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论子痫前期患者血清中sEngs、Flt-1水平显著升高,sEng在早发型重度子痫前期血清中升高更显著,对早期诊断子痫前期有重要意义。

Effectiveness of fluidized pellet bed for removing soluble contaminants

Fluidized pellet bed （FPB） has been successfully applied in water and wastewater treatment. However, the removal mechanism of contaminants especially the soluble ones, is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of FPB reactor for removing soluble contaminants from synthetic wastewater. By only coagulation through jar test operation with addition of polyaluminium chloride （PAC1） as primary coagulant and polyacryamide （PAM） as coagulant-aid, the removals of soluble chemical oxygen demand （COD）, total phosphorus （TP）, and NH4^＋-N were found to be only 2.2%-7.5%, 5.7%-25.5%, and 9.9%-18.5%, respectively. However, by FPB operation under the same dosage of coagulants, these values increased to 82.7%, 37.2%, and 50%, indicating that the formation of pellets in the FPB effectively enhanced the removal of soluble contaminants. By careful comparison of the settleablility and filterability of the pollutants after coagulation, the originally soluble contaminants could be divided into three groups, namely： （1） coagulated-and- settleable, （2） coagulated-but-nonsettleable, and （3） uncoagulable. It was found that not only the first two groups but also a large part of the third group could be effectively removed by FPB operation. However, the mechanism for the removal of the uncoagulable pollutants by FPB operation still needs further investigation.

Soluble protein and acid phosphatase exuded by ectomycorrhizal fungi and seedlings in response to excessive Cu and Cd

Fungi and their symbionts can alleviate heavy metal stress by exuding soluble proteins and enzymes. This study examined the role of soluble protein and acid phosphatase （APase） exuded by Xerocomus chrysenteron, an ectomycorrhizal fungus, and the seedlings of its symbiont, Chinese pine （Pinus tabulaeformis）, under conditions of excessive Cu and Cd. The growth type showed that this poorly studied ectomycorrhizal fungus was capable of tolerating high concentrations of Cu, and may be useful in phytoremediation. X. chrysenteron grew well at 80 mg/L Cu, and the EC50 for Cd was 17.82 mg/L. X. chrysenteron also showed enhanced exudation of soluble protein in both isolated and inoculated cultivations under the influence of Cu and Cd. Soluble protein exudation, however, differed under Cu and Cd stress in isolates. In mediums containing Cu, soluble protein exudation increased with concentration, but in mediums containing Cd the content of soluble protein increased to a comparable level at all concentrations. This study demonstrated that soluble protein was related to heavy metal tolerance, although the different ions played different roles. While APase activity in exudates of fungi and seedlings decreased under Cu and Cd stress in comparison to the control, the APase activity in seedlings was maintained by inoculation. Thus, X. chrysenteron facilitated the ability of plant to maintain a normal nutrient uptake, and therefore to protect it from heavy metal toxicity.

Effect of Cadmium and Herbicides on the Growth, Chlorophyll and Soluble Sugar Content in Rice Seedlings

To investigate the combined effects of Cd^2＋ （ 0,10,100,500 μmol/L） , acetochlor （AC） （0,1.6,4.0,8.0μmol/L）, and bensulfuronmethyl （BSM） （ 0,0.16,0.40,0.80 μmol/L） on the biomass,leaf soluble sugar, total chlorophyll （chl） content, chl a/b ratio, and Cd content in roots and shoots in the rice seedlings, pot culture experiments were conducted with rice （Oryza sativa L. ） cultivar Jinyou 402. The results showed that the Cd and AC combined treatment （Cd＋ AC treatment） significantly inhibited the growth of the roots and shoots. The root dry weight/shoot dry weight （RDW/SDW） ratio, total chlorophyll content and chl a/b ratio decreased by 41%, 50%, 56% , respectively, in comparison with the control, as well as the leaf soluble sugar content, plant dry weight /plant fresh weight （PDW/PFW） ratio increased by 284% and 44% , respectively. Cd content in the roots and shoots had a decreasing tendency with the increasing concentration of AC under the Cd＋AC treatment. The Cd and BSM combined treatment （Cd＋BSM treatment） had a similar result to the Cd＋AC treatment. The results suggest that the toxicity of Cd to rice seedlings has been enhanced due to its combination with herbicides.

Changes of Oxidative Stress and Soluble Sugar in Anthers Involve in Rice Pollen Abortion Under Drought Stress

Two rice maintaining lines with different drought tolerances, viz., Jin 23B （tolerant） and Zhenshan 97B （sensitive）, were used to study the oxidative stress and soluble sugar in rice anthers and pollen viability under drought stress during flowering stage. Higher antioxidant enzyme activities and lower malonaldehyde （MDA） content in rice anthers were observed in Jin 23B than in Zhenshan 97B under drought stress. Further, a great increase in the content of soluble sugar in rice anthers of Jin 23B was observed across the whole drought exposure, while Zhenshan 97B showed significant decrease in soluble sugar during 9-12 d after drought stress （DADS）. Accordingly, a marked decline of pollen fertility and activity, pollen numbers in an anther and pollen numbers on a stigma was observed in Zhenshan 97B, whereas little difference was found in Jin 23B. Thus, we suggest that pollen abortion caused by drought stress may be related with the reciprocity between oxidative stress and soluble sugar content in rice anthers.

Synthesis and characterization of new soluble poly(aryl ether nitrile)s containing phthalazinone moiety

A series of novel poly（aryl ether nitrile）s containing phthalazinone moiety were synthesized by the nucleophilic displacement reaction of bisphenol-like monomers （I） with 2,6-difluorobenzonitrile. The inherent viscosities ranged from 0.46 to 1.07 dL g^-1. The glass transition temperatures were in the range of 277-295℃, and the temperatures for 10% weight loss in nitrogen atmosphere were found between 495 and 527 ℃. The structures of these resultant polymers were confirmed by FT-IR and 1^H NMR. Moreover, the properties of poly（aryl ether nitrile）s including solubility and crystallinity were also studied.

Relationship Between Soluble Protein,Chlorophyll and ATP in Drought-Resistant Sweet Potato Under Water Stress

Some indices concerning the metabolism of substance and energy in sweet potato leaves under water stress were studied. The results showed an obvious increase in soluble protein content. Compared with control, Chl a, Chl b, total Chl contents and the ratio of Chl a to Chl b all decreased to some extent. ATP content increased in some varieties and decreased in others, but the stronger the drought resistance of the variety , the higher the ATP content. The correlation coefficient(r)of the soluble protein content, ratio of Chl a to Chl b and ATP content as a percentage of the drought-resistant sweet potato control variety are 0. 8968, - 0. 8509 and 0. 8200, respectively, P<0. 01. So these indices can be used to evaluate the drought resistance of different sweet potato varieties.

Effects of operational factors on soluble microbial products in a carrier anaerobic baffled reactor treating dilute wastewater

The effects of feed strength, hydraulic residence time （HRT）, and operational temperatures on soluble microbial product （SMP） production were investigated, to gain insights into the production mechanism. A carrier anaerobic baffled reactor （CABR） treating dilute wastewater was operated under a wide range of operational conditions, namely, feed strengths of 300-600 mg/L, HRTs of 9- 18 h, and temperatures of 10-28℃. Generally, SMP production increased with increasing feed strength and decreasing temperature. At high temperature （28℃）, SMP production increased with decreasing HRT. As the temperature was decreased to 18 and 10℃, the SMP production was at its peak for 12 h HRT. Therefore, temperature could be an important determinant of SMP production along with HRT. A higher SMP to soluble chemical oxygen demand （SCOD） ratio was found at high temperature and long HRT because of complete volatile fatty acid degradation. SMP accounted for 50%-75% of the SCOD in the last chamber of the CABR. As a secondary metabolite, some SMP could be consumed at lower feed strength.