Effects of operational factors on soluble microbial products in a carrier anaerobic baffled reactor treating dilute wastewater

The effects of feed strength, hydraulic residence time （HRT）, and operational temperatures on soluble microbial product （SMP） production were investigated, to gain insights into the production mechanism. A carrier anaerobic baffled reactor （CABR） treating dilute wastewater was operated under a wide range of operational conditions, namely, feed strengths of 300-600 mg/L, HRTs of 9- 18 h, and temperatures of 10-28℃. Generally, SMP production increased with increasing feed strength and decreasing temperature. At high temperature （28℃）, SMP production increased with decreasing HRT. As the temperature was decreased to 18 and 10℃, the SMP production was at its peak for 12 h HRT. Therefore, temperature could be an important determinant of SMP production along with HRT. A higher SMP to soluble chemical oxygen demand （SCOD） ratio was found at high temperature and long HRT because of complete volatile fatty acid degradation. SMP accounted for 50%-75% of the SCOD in the last chamber of the CABR. As a secondary metabolite, some SMP could be consumed at lower feed strength.

Modeling the formation of soluble microbial products(SMP) in drinking water biofiltration

Both a theoretical and an empirical model were developed for predicting the formation of soluble microbial products （SMP） during drinking water biofiltration. Four pilot-scale biofilters with ceramsite as the medium were fed with different acetate loadings for the determination of SMP formation. Using numerically simulated and measured parameters, the theoretical model was developed according to the substrate and biomass balance. The results of this model matched the measured data better for higher SMP formation but did not fit well when SMP formation was lower. In order to better simulate the reality and overcome the difficulties of measuring the kinetic parameters, a simpler empirical model was also developed. In this model, SMP formation was expressed as a function of fed organic loadings and the depth of the medium, and a much better fit was obtained.

Insights into membrane fouling implicated by physical adsorption of soluble microbial products onto D3520 resin

Membrane fouling is a major problem in membrane bioreactors(MBRs).In this study,membrane fouling caused by membrane rejection and adsorption was study.Filtration tests indicated that membrane rejected SMP,causing membrane pore blockage and then forming a gel layer.Batch adsorption experiments showed that adsorption of SMP onto PVDF membrane was a spontaneous physical adsorption process.Meanwhile,the absolute valueΔG of adsorption of SMP onto D3520 was higher than that of adsorption of SMP onto PVDF membrane,so SMP preferentially adsorbed onto D3520 rather than PVDF membrane.Thus,the effect of ARs on reducing the SMP concentration was investigated.It was found that,6 g of D3520 was suitable for adsorption of SMP.This physical adsorption involved external film diffusion,intra-particle diffusion,and surface adsorption.The Redlich–Peterson isotherm model performed best in terms of describing this equilibrium data.The mechanism of membrane fouling mitigation was verified by MBR simulation system.A case study of AR–MBR system was conducted.The results showed that addition of D3520 can effectively alleviate the development of membrane fouling.

Correlation between soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products levels and coronary artery disease in postmenopausal nondiabetic women

BACKGROUND The established cardiovascular risk factors cannot explain the overall risk of coronary artery disease(CAD),especially in women.Therefore,there is a growing need for the assessment of novel biomarkers to identify women at risk.The receptor for advanced glycation end products(RAGE)and its interaction with the advanced glycation end product(AGE)ligand have been associated with atherogenesis.The soluble fraction of RAGE(sRAGE)antagonizes RAGE signaling and exerts an antiatherogenic effect.AIM The study aim was to explore the association between plasma levels of sRAGE and CAD in nondiabetic postmenopausal women.METHODS This case-control study included 110 nondiabetic postmenopausal women who were enrolled in two groups.Group I included 55 angiographically proven CAD subjects with>50%stenosis in at least one of the major coronary arteries and Group II included 55 healthy control women who did not have CAD or had<50%stenosis of the coronary arteries.Stenosis was confirmed by invasive angiography.Plasma sRAGE was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS We observed significantly lower plasma sRAGE concentrations in subjects with CAD vs healthy controls(P<0.05).Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis also revealed a significant correlation between plasma sRAGE levels and CAD(P=0.01).Multivariate odds ratios for CAD revealed that subjects with sRAGE concentrations below 225 pg/mL(lowest quartile)had a 6-fold increase in CAD prevalence independent of other risk factors.CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that low sRAGE levels were independently associated with CAD in nondiabetic postmenopausal women.Risk assessment of CAD in postmenopausal women can be improved by including sRAGE along with other risk factors.

A soluble FcγR homolog inhibits Ig M antibody production in ayu spleen cells

Classical Fc receptors (FcRs) mediate the binding to and recognition of the Fc portion of antibodies and play an important role during immune responses in mammals. Although proteins similar to soluble FcRs have been identified in fish, little is known about the role of such proteins in fish immunity. Here, we cloned a cDNA sequence encoding a soluble Fc receptor for an immunoglobulin G (FcγR) homolog from ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis)(PaFcγRl). The predicted protein was composed of two immunoglobulin C2-like domains but lacked a transmembrane segment and a cytoplasmic tail. The PaFcγRl transcripts were distributed at low levels in all tested tissues, but significantly increased after Vibrio anguillarum infection. The PaFcγRl protein was expressed in the head kidney, trunk kidney, and neutrophils. Recombinant PaFcγRl (rPaFcγRl) was secreted when transfected into mammalian cells and the native protein was also detected in serum upon infection. rPaFcγRl was also demonstrated to bind to ayu IgM, as assessed by cell transfection. Suppressive activity of the recombinant mature protein of PaFcγRl (rPaFcγRlm) on in vitro anti-sheep red blood cell (SRBC) responses was detected by a modified hemolytic plaque forming cell assay. In conclusion, our study revealed that PaFcγRl is closely involved in the negative regulation of IgM production in the ayu spleen.

High glucose reduces Nrf2-dependent cRAGE release and enhances inflammasome-dependent IL-1βproduction in monocytes:the modulatory effects of EGCG

Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products(sRAGE)acts as a decoy sequestering of RAGE ligands,thus preventing the activation of the ligand-RAGE axis linking human diseases.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying sRAGE remain unclear.In this study,THP-1 monocytes were cultured in normal glucose(NG,5.5 mmol/L)and high glucose(HG,15 mmol/L)to investigate the effects of diabetesrelevant glucose concentrations on sRAGE and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)secretion.The modulatory effects of epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG)in response to HG challenge were also evaluated.HG enhanced intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation and RAGE expression.The secretion of sRAGE,including esRAGE and cRAGE,was reduced under HG conditions,together with the downregulation of a disintegrin and metallopeptidase 10(ADAM10)and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)nuclear translocation.Mechanistically,the HG effects were counteracted by siRAGE and exacerbated by siNrf2.Chromatin immunoprecipitation results showed that Nrf2 binding to the ADAM10 promoter and HG interfered with this binding.Our data reinforce the notion that RAGE and Nrf2 might be sRAGE-regulating factors.Under HG conditions,the treatment of EGCG reduced ROS generation and RAGE activation.EGCG-stimulated cRAGE release was likely caused by the upregulation of the Nrf2-ADAM10 pathway.EGCG inhibited HG-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation at least partly by stimulating sRAGE,thereby reducing IL-1βrelease.

Intrafollicular Soluble RAGE Benefits Embryo Development and Predicts Clinical Pregnancy in Infertile Patients of Advanced Maternal Age Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization

Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products（s RAGE） can decoy the toxic AGEs and is considered to be a protective factor.This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between intrafollicular s RAGE levels and clinical outcomes in infertile women of young or advanced maternal age（AMA） undergoing in vitro fertilization（IVF）.A total of 62 young women and 62 AMA women who would undergo IVF were included in this prospective study.The intrafollicular s RAGE concentration was measured to determine its association with the number of retrieved oocytes,fertilized oocytes,high-quality embryos or achievement of clinical pregnancy in young and AMA women,respectively.Besides,correlations between sR AGE and age or follicle-stimulating hormone（FSH） were examined.We found that the intrafollicular s RAGE levels were higher in young patients than those in AMA patients,suggesting that the s RAGE levels were inversely correlated with age.In young patients,sR AGE showed no correlation with the number of retrieved oocytes,fertilized oocytes,high-quality embryos or achievement of clinical pregnancy.But it was found that AMA patients with more retrieved oocytes,fertilized oocytes and high-quality embryos demonstrated higher sR AGE levels,which were a prognostic factor for getting clinical pregnancy independent of age or FSH level.In conclusion,the s RAGE levels decrease with age.Elevated intrafollicular s RAGE levels indicate good follicular growth,fertilization and embryonic development,and successful clinical pregnancy in AMA women,while in young women,the role of s RAGE may not be so predominant.

Effects of CO2 Enrichment on Yield,Soluble Solid Content and Downy Mildew of Greenhouse Grape

With‘Victoria'grape as a material,the effects of increasing 1200 mg/L of CO_2 on yield,soluble solid content and downy mildew of grape were studied in greenhouse.The results showed that when CO_2 was increased at a rate of 1200 mg/L in greenhouse,‘Victoria'fruit was harvested 8 d in advance,and compared with no increase of CO_2,the transverse diameter,longitudinal diameter,average single grain weight,commodity fruit yield at early stage and total yield of commodity fruit increased by 35.07%,7.37%,17.39%,24.88%,46.14% and 20.61%,respectively,with very significant differences.The incidence and disease index of grape downy mildew decreased by more than 50%,indicating a significant control effect.Therefore,increasing CO_2 in greenhouse could bring forward grape harvest,significantly improve yield and soluble solids content of grape and reduce the incidence of grape downy mildew.

Insight into the interaction between trimethoprim and soluble microbial products produced from biological wastewater treatment processes

Soluble microbial products(SMPs),dissolved organic matter excreted by activated sludge,can interact with antibiotics in wastewater and natural water bodies.Interactions between SMPs and antibiotics can influence antibiotic migration,transformation,and toxicity but the mechanisms involved in such interactions are not fully understood.In this study,integrated spectroscopy approaches were used to investigate the mechanisms involved in interactions between SMPs and a representative antibiotic,trimethoprim(TMP),which has a low biodegradation rate and has been detected in wastewater.The results of liquid chromatography-organic carbon detection-organic nitrogen detection indicated that the SMPs used in the study contained 15% biopolymers and 28% humic-like substances(based on the total dissolved organic carbon concentration)so would have contained sites that could interact with TMP.A linear relationship of fluorescent intensities of tryptophan protein-like substances in SMP was observed(R^(2)>0.99),indicating that the fluorescence enhancement between SMP and TMP occurred.Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that carboxyl,carbonyl,and hydroxyl groups were the main functional groups involved in the interactions.The electrostatic andπ-πinteractions were discovered by the UV-vis spectra and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra.Structural representations of the interactions between representative SMP subcomponents and TMP were calculated using density functional theory,and the results confirmed the conclusions drawn from the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra.The results help characterize SMP–TMP complexes and will help understand antibiotic transformations in wastewater treatment plants and aquatic environments.

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)法测定含碘附银硅胶样品中碘含量

附银硅胶可以吸附放射性碘,形成含碘的附银硅胶,是后处理厂中常用的碘废物吸附材料。含碘附银硅胶样品中碘含量的准确测定能够验证碘的吸附效率,为后处理过程提供数据支持。含碘附银硅胶样品中银离子和碘离子形成难溶的碘化银,在溶解过程中难以将碘化银中碘离子定量转化为可溶解的碘离子、碘单质或者碘酸根,因此含碘附银硅胶样品中碘含量的测试方法比较困难。通过查阅银化合物的溶度积常数,考虑掩蔽银离子对碘离子的影响,在实验中采用加入硫离子的方法,生成比碘化银更难溶的硫化银沉淀,从而消除银离子的干扰。置换出的碘离子能够在碱性溶液中稳定存在,因碘含量较高,可采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)测定其含量。实验过程中考察了硫化钠加入量、氨水浓度、超声时间等对结果的影响。结果表明,硫化钠加入量与样品中银的含量有关,需要加入过量的硫离子沉淀银离子,不同的氨水浓度影响碘的灵敏度,而超声时间对结果基本无影响,优化实验条件后得到方法的检出限为0.52 mg/g,分别测量两个不同含量的含碘附银硅胶样品,平均值(n=6)为34.8 mg/g和59.3 mg/g,相对标准偏差为2.7%和2.0%,加标回收率为95.0%~103%。方法能够满足含碘附银硅胶样品中碘含量的测定。

CML、sRAGE、esRAGE对冠心病动脉粥样硬化的诊断价值

目的探讨ε-羧甲基赖氨酸(CML)、可溶性晚期糖基化终产物受体(sRAGE)、内源性可溶性晚期糖基化终产物受体(esRAGE)对冠心病动脉粥样硬化的诊断价值。方法2020年6月至2022年12月,于新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院选取冠心病患者100例作为观察组。同时选取100例在我院体检的正常人作为对照组。比较两组ε-羧甲基赖氨酸(CML)、可溶性晚期糖基化终产物受体(sRAGE)和内源性分泌性晚期糖基化终产物受体(esRAGE)水平。应用受试者操作者特征(ROC)曲线评价CML、sRAGE、esRAGE的诊断水平,并联合检测冠心病动脉粥样硬化。结果与对照组相比,观察组血清CML及sRAGE水平明显升高,而esRAGE水平呈下降趋势。血清CML、sRAGE和esRAGE可准确诊断冠心病动脉粥样硬化,联合检测灵敏度(90.91%)、特异性(68.66%)、准确性(76.00%)、阳性预测值(58.82%)、阴性预测值(93.88%)、ROC曲线下面积(AUC)(0.922)较高。结论CML、sRAGE、esRAGE与冠心病动脉粥样硬化有关,有利于临床诊断和治疗。

结肠癌病人血清S100钙结合蛋白A12、可溶性晚期糖基化终产物受体水平与肠道菌群失调及化疗效果的关系

目的探讨结肠癌病人血清S100钙结合蛋白A12(S100A12)、可溶性晚期糖基化终产物受体(sRAGE)水平与肠道菌群失调及化疗效果的相关性。方法选择2020年12月至2021年12月黄河水利委员会黄河中心医院收治的116例中、晚期结肠癌病人作为结肠癌组,另选取在该院同期健康体检人员120例作为对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测血清S100A12、sRAGE水平,检测病人肠道菌群,并对病人化疗后进行随访,Pearson法分析结肠癌病人血清S100A12、sRAGE水平与菌群失调相关性,受试者操作特征曲线(ROC曲线)分析化疗前血清S100A12、sRAGE水平对结肠癌化疗效果的诊断价值。结果与对照组比较,结肠癌组病人化疗前血清S100A12、sRAGE水平显著升高(P<0.05)。与化疗前菌群正常组[(265.34±45.78)μg/L、(381.54±36.75)ng/L]比较,菌群失调Ⅰ度组[(301.52±56.95)μg/L、(440.63±48.71)ng/L]、菌群失调Ⅱ度组[(339.29±52.35)μg/L、(432.75±49.20)ng/L]病人血清S100A12、sRAGE水平显著升高(P<0.05);与菌群失调Ⅰ度组比较,菌群失调Ⅱ度组病人血清S100A12、sRAGE水平显著升高(P<0.05)。相关性分析显示,结肠癌病人血清S100A12、sRAGE水平与大肠杆菌、粪肠球菌数量呈正相关(P<0.05),与双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌数量呈负相关(P<0.05)。与化疗前比较,结肠癌病人化疗后血清S100A12、sRAGE水平显著降低(P<0.05);与化疗缓解组[(272.33±55.36)μg/L、(403.24±40.54)ng/L]比较,化疗无效组[(330.09±42.64)μg/L、(482.85±43.61)ng/L]病人化疗前血清S100A12、sRAGE水平显著较高(P<0.05)。血清S100A12、sRAGE联合诊断结肠癌化疗无效的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.91[95%CI:(0.84,0.96),P<0.001],灵敏度为86.05%,特异度为80.82%。结论结肠癌病人血清S100A12、sRAGE升高,与肠道菌群失调及化疗效果有关,对化疗疗效评估与预后评价有一定指导意义。

可溶性大豆多糖的功能特性与应用研究进展

可溶性大豆多糖是从大豆原料中提取的水溶性多糖类物质,在我国作为食品添加剂进行管理,国内应用领域主要集中在酸性饮料产品中,国外市场还应用于调制乳、液体配方乳、调制乳粉、酱料、寿司等产品中。文章对其生产工艺、与酪蛋白的相互作用机制、在食品医药领域上的应用及国内外市场上代表性产品进行了概述对比分析,从分子结构上对比分析了与果胶、羧甲基纤维素钠的不同,列举了现有的生产企业,对比分析他们生产工艺,分析了乳化稳定性、品质改良、成膜性以及其他四个功能特性方面的研究状况,并分析可溶性大豆多糖在产品中可能所起的作用,最后就实际应用方面开发研究提出参考建议,以期为后续理论研究、生产研究和实际开发应用研究提供参考。

基于荧光法快速判定巴氏杀菌乳和超高温灭菌乳

目的基于荧光法快速简便地鉴别巴氏杀菌乳和超高温(ultra high temperature,UHT)灭菌乳。方法基于美拉德产物荧光值的不同,采用直接荧光法结合综合热损伤(fluorescence of advanced Maillard products and soluble tryptophan,FAST)指数快速鉴定巴氏杀菌乳和UHT灭菌乳。结果巴氏杀菌乳和UHT灭菌乳由于热处理强度不同,二者的荧光值存在显著差异(P<0.01),巴氏杀菌乳荧光值在(13215±236)~(15359±156)之间、UHT灭菌乳荧光值范围为(15788±200)~(20440±270)。与巴氏杀菌乳相比,UHT灭菌乳直接测定荧光强度和FAST指数明显升高且差异显著(P<0.01)。在商品巴氏杀菌乳和UHT灭菌乳结果的基础上,利用自制产品对荧光法进行了验证。结论直接荧光测定法和FAST指数能够快速有效区分和识别巴氏杀菌乳和UHT灭菌乳,该技术对产品热处理强度评价及质量监管具有一定指导意义。

可溶性晚期糖基化终产物受体、白细胞介素-36γ在桥本甲状腺炎患者血清中的表达及意义

目的探讨可溶性晚期糖基化终产物受体(sRAGE)、白细胞介素-36γ(IL-36γ)在桥本甲状腺炎(HT)患者血清中的表达及其临床意义。方法选取180例疑似HT人员作为研究对象,根据最终诊断结果分为HT组137例和非HT组43例。依据血清免疫球蛋白G4(IgG4)水平,将HT组患者进一步分为IgG4相关性HT组(IgG4≥135 mg/dL)和非IgG4相关性HT组(IgG4<135 mg/dL)。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测所有研究对象的血清sRAGE、IL-36γ水平;绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,分析血清sRAGE、IL-36γ水平对HT及其IgG4表型的诊断价值。结果HT组患者血清sRAGE水平低于非HT组,血清IL-36γ水平高于非HT组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);IgG4相关性HT组患者血清sRAGE水平低于非IgG4相关性HT组,血清IL-36γ水平高于非IgG4相关性HT组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,血清sRAGE、IL-36γ联合诊断HT的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.900(95%CI:0.846~0.939),诊断效能显著高于两者单独诊断(P<0.05);血清sRAGE、IL-36γ联合诊断HT患者IgG4表型的AUC为0.897(95%CI:0.934~0.943),诊断效能显著高于两者单独诊断(P<0.05)。结论HT患者血清sRAGE水平显著降低,血清IL-36γ水平显著升高,联合检测血清sRAGE、IL-36γ水平可有效诊断HT并评估IgG4表型。

血清D-二聚体和sRAGE水平对老年冠心病患者介入治疗后短期不良预后的预测价值

[目的]探究D-二聚体和可溶性晚期糖基化终末产物受体(sRAGE)水平对老年冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后短期不良预后的预测价值。[方法]收集2019年4月-2020年6月在黄冈市中心医院首次诊断为冠心病的316例老年患者的临床资料,根据随访期间患者是否发生主要不良心血管事件(MACE)将其分为MACE组(n=52)和非MACE组(n=264),采用单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析患者术后发生MACE的独立影响因素,依据患者预后的独立影响因素建立列线图预测模型并进行验证。通过曲线拟合和阈值效应分析确定D-二聚体和sRAGE水平的阈值效应,并通过Kaplan-Meier曲线评估D-二聚体和sRAGE水平对MACE发生的影响。[结果]术后一年期间,纳入的316例老年冠心病患者中有52例(16.46%)发生MACE。MACE组患者的体质指数(BMI)、高血压占比、糖尿病占比、GRACE评分、支架数目、载脂蛋白(Apo)B、ApoB/ApoA、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDLC)、脂蛋白(a)[Lp(a)]以及D-二聚体水平均高于非MACE组,sRAGE水平低于非MACE组,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析表明,高GRACE评分、高Lp(a)及高D-二聚体水平为老年冠心病患者PCI术后发生MACE的独立危险因素,高sRAGE水平为保护因素(P<0.05)。曲线拟合发现,随着D-二聚体水平的升高以及sRAGE水平的降低,患者术后发生MACE的概率呈上升趋势。Kaplan-Meier曲线显示,较高D-二聚体水平的患者MACE的发生概率显著高于低D-二聚体水平的患者(P<0.001),较低sRAGE水平的患者MACE的发生概率显著高于高sRAGE水平的患者(P<0.001)。依据预后独立影响因素构建列线图模型,其一致性指数为0.796(95%CI:0.723~0.834),ROC曲线AUC为0.851(95%CI:0.806~0.892),具有较好的区分度。[结论]高D-二聚体及低sRAGE水平是老年冠心病患者PCI术后发生MACE的重要危险因素,且对术后短期不良预后具有较高的预测价值。

有机肥料及其原料可溶性盐电导率测定方法的研究

为考察不同检测环境和条件对有机肥料及其生产原料的可溶性盐电导率(EC)测定结果的影响,选用不同类型的有机肥料及其生产原料开展了试验研究。结果表明:样品称样量与EC值测定结果呈线性正相关,对EC值的测定影响最大;样品浸提温度和浸提液分离方法对EC值的测定无显著影响;振荡时间和样品浸提液放置时间对EC值的测定有显著影响,但处理间极差和相对极差较小。测定有机肥料及其生产原料EC值的条件:称样量为5.0~10.0 g,振荡时间为30~60 min,浸提液分离方式可根据实际情况选择滤纸过滤或离心分离,测定时的环境温度为25℃,样品浸提后静置30 min检测。

施用水溶性肥料对烤烟LY1306产质量的影响

通过水肥一体化技术施用水溶性肥料,以促进烤烟LY1306叶片发育,协调烟叶化学成分,提高烟叶油分和叶片结构疏松度,为洛阳烤烟LY1306质量提升提供技术依据。试验采用随机区组设计,共设置4个处理。结果表明,T3处理能增大烟株最大叶面积,提高烟叶鲜重和干重,增加烤烟上部叶和中部叶的总糖、还原糖,改善烟叶吃味。T1和T3处理的烟叶谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)和硝酸还原酶(NR)活性较高;T3处理改善烤后烟叶物理特性,提高烟叶外观质量,提高烟叶经济性状,667 m^(2)产量为125.42 kg,产值为3 462.85元。综合而言,在总施肥量一致时,部分氮和钾以水溶性形态施入时,烟株农艺性状得到明显改善,干物质积累量多,氮代谢关键酶活性强,外观质量提高,化学成分含量适宜且协调性较好,中性致香物质含量高,经济性状好。

血清高迁移率族蛋白B1、可溶性晚期糖基化终产物受体水平对急性失代偿性心力衰竭预后有评估价值

目的:探讨血清高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)、可溶性晚期糖基化终产物受体(sRAGE)水平对急性失代偿性心力衰竭(ADHF)患者预后的评估价值。方法:选取190例ADHF患者为研究组,另选取191例健康者为对照组,根据1年随访期是否死亡,将ADHF患者分为预后不良组(58例)和预后良好组(132例);采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清HMGB1、sRAGE水平;采用Pearson法分析血清HMGB1、sRAGE水平与心功能指标及实验室指标的相关性;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析HMGB1、sRAGE及血浆N端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)对ADHF患者预后的评估价值;采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响ADHF患者预后的因素。结果:与对照组比较,研究组患者血清HMGB1、sRAGE水平更高(P均<0.05);预后良好组与不良组血清HMGB1、sRAGE水平、纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)分级、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、NT-proBNP、血清肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、住院时间比较,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。经Pearson法分析,ADHF患者血清HMGB1、sRAGE分别与LVEDD、LVESD、NT-proBNP、cTnl呈正相关,与LVEF呈负相关(P均<0.05),血清HMGB1与sRAGE呈正相关(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,HMGB1、sRAGE、NT-proBNP对ADHF患者预后不良评估价值均较高,AUC分别为0.869、0.852、0.844,最佳截断值分别为32.91 g/L、296.46 ng/L、3809.77 ng/L时,灵敏度分别为79.3%、82.8%、82.8%,特异性分别为83.3%、74.2%、79.5%。多因素logistic回归分析表明,NYHA分级、LVEF、NT-proBNP、HMGB1及sRAGE是ADHF患者预后的独立危险因素(P均<0.05)。结论:血清HMGB1、sRAGE表达与ADHF的发生及预后有关,可作为ADHF患者预后的评估指标。

超声改性甲壳素吸附水产品加工副产物中脂溶性维生素的作用效果研究

目的探讨超声改性甲壳素(ultrasonic modified chitin,UM-C-chitin)对水产品加工副产物中脂溶性维生素的吸附效果。方法商品甲壳素(commercial chitin,C-chitin)经超声法改性,采用扫描电镜观察甲壳素改性前后微观形貌,傅里叶变换红外光谱和X射线衍射分析甲壳素改性前后的官能团和衍射峰变化,检测UM-C-chitin对水产品加工副产物中脂溶性维生素(维生素A、维生素D和维生素E)静态吸附效果。结果C-chitin经超声处理后微观结构由致密向疏松转变,并伴有无规则孔道及小孔形成,UM-C-chitin的酰胺I基团含有与α-型甲壳素相关的1665cm^(-1)特征峰,但是1624cm^(-1)处特征峰强度减弱接近消失,X射线衍射分析中UM-C-chitin在9.18°、12.68°、19.12°、23.04°和26.16°处有α-型甲壳素特征衍射峰,但各衍射峰强度较C-chitin的出现不同程度降低。与C-chitin相比较,UM-C-chitin对水产品加工副产物中维生素E的吸附效果较好(P<0.05),吸附量达到6.10μg/mg,较C-chitin的提高了84.8%。结论超声改性会降低C-chitin的结晶度,形成的无规则孔道及小孔结构有助于提高维生素E的负载量。本研究为快速富集水产品加工副产物中脂溶性维生素,特别是维生素E提供了技术依据。