Design and Analysis of Graphene Based Tunnel Field Effect Transistor with Various Ambipolar Reducing Techniques

The fundamental advantages of carbon-based graphene material,such as its high tunnelling probability,symmetric band structure(linear dependence of the energy band on the wave direction),low effective mass,and characteristics of its 2D atomic layers,are the main focus of this research work.The impact of channel thickness,gate under-lap,asymmetric source/drain doping method,workfunction of gate contact,and High-K material on Graphene-based Tunnel Field Effect Transistor(TFET)is analyzed with 20 nm technology.Physical modelling and electrical characteristic performance have been simulated using the Atlas device simulator of SILVACO TCAD with user-defined material syntax for the newly included graphene material in comparison to silicon carbide(SiC).The simulation results in significant suppression of ambipolar current to voltage characteristics of TFET and modelled device exhibits a significant improvement in subthreshold swing(0.0159 V/decade),the ratio of Ion/Ioff(1000),and threshold voltage(-0.2 V with highly doped p-type source and 0.2 V with highly doped n-type drain)with power supply of 0.5 V,which make it useful for low power digital applications.

A review for compact model of graphene field-effect transistors

Graphene has attracted enormous interests due to its unique physical, mechanical, and electrical properties. Specially, graphene-based field-effect transistors （FETs） have evolved rapidly and are now considered as an option for conventional silicon devices. As a critical step in the design cycle of modem IC products, compact model refers to the development of models for integrated semiconductor devices for use in circuit simulations. The purpose of this review is to provide a theoretical description of current compact model of graphene field-effect transistors. Special attention is devoted to the charge sheet model, drift-diffusion model, Boltzmann equation, density of states （DOS）, and surface-potential-based compact model. Finally, an outlook of this field is briefly discussed.

Effect of Residual Charge Carrier on the Performance of a Graphene Field Effect Transistor

The temperature-dependent effect of residual charge carrier （no）, at the Dirac point, on mobility is studied. We fabricate and characterize a graphene field effect transistor （GFET） using 7nm TiO2 as the top-gate dielectric. The temperature-dependent gate voltage-drain current and room temperature gate capacitance are measured to extract the carrier mobility and to estimate the quantum capacitance of the GFET. The device shows the mobility value of gOO cm^2 /V.s at room temperature and it decreases to 45 cm^2 /V.s for 20 K due to the increase of n0. These results indicate that the phonon scattering is not the dominant process for the unevenness dielectric layer while the coulomb scattering by charged impurities degrades the device characteristically at low temperature.

Comparison of tunneling currents in graphene nanoribbon tunnel field effect transistors calculated using Dirac-like equation and Schrodinger’s equation

The tunneling current in a graphene nanoribbon tunnel field effect transistor(GNR-TFET) has been quantum mechanically modeled. The tunneling current in the GNR-TFET was compared based on calculations of the Dirac-like equation and Schrodinger’s equation. To calculate the electron transmittance, a numerical approach-namely the transfer matrix method(TMM)-was employed and the Launder formula was used to compute the tunneling current. The results suggest that the tunneling currents that were calculated using both equations have similar characteristics for the same parameters, even though they have different values. The tunneling currents that were calculated by applying the Dirac-like equation were lower than those calculated using Schrodinger’s equation.

Application of graphene vertical field effect to regulation of organic light-emitting transistors

The luminescence intensity regulation of organic light-emitting transistor(OLED)device can be achieved effectively by the combination of graphene vertical field effect transistor(GVFET)and OLED.In this paper,we fabricate and characterize the graphene vertical field-effect transistor with gate dielectric of ion-gel film,confirming that its current switching ratio reaches up to 102.Because of the property of high light transmittance in ion-gel film,the OLED device prepared with graphene/PEDOT:PSS as composite anode exhibits good optical properties.We also prepare the graphene vertical organic light-emitting field effect transistor(GVOLEFET)by the combination of GVFET and graphene OLED,analyzing its electrical and optical properties,and confirming that the luminescence intensity can be significantly changed by regulating the gate voltage.

High temperature characteristics of bilayer epitaxial graphene field-effect transistors on SiC Substrate

In this paper,high temperature direct current（DC） performance of bilayer epitaxial graphene device on SiC substrate is studied in a temperature range from 25℃ to 200℃.At a gate voltage of-8 V（far from Dirac point）,the drainsource current decreases obviously with increasing temperature,but it has little change at a gate bias of ＋8 V（near Dirac point）.The competing interactions between scattering and thermal activation are responsible for the different reduction tendencies.Four different kinds of scatterings are taken into account to qualitatively analyze the carrier mobility under different temperatures.The devices exhibit almost unchanged DC performances after high temperature measurements at 200℃ for 5 hours in air ambience,demonstrating the high thermal stabilities of the bilayer epitaxial graphene devices.

Room-temperature terahertz detection based on CVD graphene transistor

We report the fabrication and characterization of a single-layer graphene field-effect terahertz detector, which is cou- pled with dipole-like antennas based on the self-mixing detector model. The graphene is grown by chemical vapor deposi- tion and then transferred onto an SiO2/Si substrate. We demonstrate room-temperature detection at 237 GHz. The detector could offer a voltage responsivity of 0.1 V/W and a noise equivalent power of 207 nW/Hz 1/2. Our modeling indicates that the observed photovoltage in the p-type gated channel can be well fit by the self-mixing theory. A different photoresponse other than self-mixing may apply for the n-type gated channel.

Field-effect transistors based on two-dimensional materials for logic applications

Field-effect transistors （FETs） for logic applications, graphene and MoS2, are discussed. These materials have based on two representative two-dimensional （2D） materials, drastically different properties and require different consider- ations. The unique band structure of graphene necessitates engineering of the Dirac point, including the opening of the bandgap, the doping and the interface, before the graphene can be used in logic applications. On the other hand, MoS2 is a semiconductor, and its electron transport depends heavily on the surface properties, the number of layers, and the carrier density. Finally, we discuss the prospects for the future developments in 2D material transistors.

Overcoming Debye length limitations:Three-dimensional wrinkled graphene field-effect transistor for ultra-sensitive adenosine triphosphate detection

Adenosine triphosphate(ATP)is closely related to the pathogenesis of certain diseases,so the detection of trace ATP is of great significance to disease diagnosis and drug development.Graphene field-effect transistors(GFETs)have been proven to be a promising platform for the rapid and accurate detection of small molecules,while the Debye shielding limits the sensitive detection in real samples.Here,a three-dimensional wrinkled graphene field-effect transistor(3D WG-FET)biosensor for ultra-sensitive detection of ATP is demonstrated.The lowest detection limit of 3D WG-FET for analyzing ATP is down to 3.01 aM,which is much lower than the reported results.In addition,the 3D WG-FET biosensor shows a good linear electrical response to ATP concentrations in a broad range of detection from 10 aM to 10 pM.Meanwhile,we achieved ultra-sensitive(LOD:10 aM)and quantitative(range from 10 aM to 100 fM)measurements of ATP in human serum.The 3D WG-FET also exhibits high specificity.This work may provide a novel approach to improve the sensitivity for the detection of ATP in complex biological matrix,showing a broad application value for early clinical diagnosis and food health monitoring.

Complete coverage of reduced graphene oxide on silicon dioxide substrates

Reduced graphene oxide （RGO） has the advantage of an aqueous and industrial-scale production route. No other approaches can rival the RGO field effect transistor platform in terms of cost （〈US$1） and portability （millimetre scale）. However the large deviations in the electrical resistivity of this fabricated material prevent it from being used widely. After an ethanol chemical vapor deposition （CVD） post-treatment to graphene oxide with ethanol, carbon islets are deposited preferentially at the edges of existing flakes. With a 2-h treatment, the standard deviation in electrical resistance of the treated chips can be reduced by 99.95%. Thus this process could enable RGO to be used in practical electronic devices.

Depositing aluminum as sacrificial metal to reduce metal–graphene contact resistance

Reducing the contact resistance without degrading the mobility property is crucial to achieve high-performance graphene field effect transistors. Also, the idea of modifying the graphene surface by etching away the deposited metal provides a new angle to achieve this goal. We exploit this idea by providing a new process method which reduces the contact resistance from 597Ω ·μm to sub 200 Ω ·μm while no degradation of mobility is observed in the devices. This simple process method avoids the drawbacks of uncontrollability, ineffectiveness, and trade-off with mobility which often exist in the previously proposed methods.

Ultrasensitive detection of methamphetamine by antibody-modified transistor assay

Effective detection of methamphetamine(Met)requires a fast,sensitive,and cheap testing assay.However,commercially available methods require expensive instruments and highly trained operators,which are time-consuming and labor-intensive.Herein,an antibody-modified graphene transistor assay is developed for sensitive and minute-level detection of Met in complex environments.The anti-Met probe captured charged targets within 120 s,leading to a p-doping effect near the graphene channel.The limit of detection reaches 50 aM(5.0×10^(-17)M)Met in solution.The graphene transistor would be a valuable tool for Met detection effective prevention of drug abuse.

Highly Sensitive Protein Sensor Based on Thermally-Reduced Graphene Oxide Field-Effect Transistor

我们报导一只高度敏感的地效果晶体管(联邦货物税) 的制造用减少 thermally 的 graphene 氧化物(TRGO ) 的生物传感器有抗体结合的金 nanoparticle (NP ) 的表 functionalized。探查抗体通过 Au NP 在 TRGO 表的表面上被标记，蛋白质绑定(免疫球蛋白 G/IgG 和反免疫球蛋白 G/anti-IgG ) 的电的察觉被联邦货物税和直接电流(dc ) 完成大小。蛋白质绑定事件在 TRGO 表的电阻导致了重要变化，它被叫作传感器反应。在 TRGO 表上的传感器和抗体 areal 密度中的 TRGO 基础电阻上的传感器反应的依赖系统地被学习，从哪个有传感器参数的传感器反应的关联被发现：传感器反应与更大的 TRGO 基础电阻和更高的抗体 areal 密度是更重要的。新奇生物传感器的察觉限制在 0.2 ng/mL 水平附近，它在报导的碳的最好之中基于 nanomaterial 的蛋白质传感器和罐头被调节传感器结构进一步优化。

Reversible chemical switches of functionalized nitrogen-doped graphene field-effect transistors

Nitrogen doping is a promising way to modulate the electrical properties of graphene to realize graphene-based electronics and promise fascinating properties and applications.Herein,we report a method to noncovalently assembly titanium(Ⅳ) bis(ammoniumlactato) dihydroxide(Ti complex) on nitrogen-doped graphene to create a reliable hybrids which can be used as a reversible chemical induced switching.As the adsorption and desorption of Ti complex in sequential treatments,the conductance of the nitrogen-doped graphene transistors was finely modulated.Control experiments with pristine graphene clearly demonstrated the important effort of the nitrogen in this chemical sensor.Under optimized conditions,nitrogen-doped graphene transistors open up new ways to develop multifunctional devices with high sensitivity.

Graphene field effect transistor-based terahertz modulator with small operating voltage and low insertion loss

In this work, we report a broadband terahertz wave modulator based on a top-gate graphene field effect tran- sistor with polyimide as the gate dielectric on a PET substrate. The transmission of the terahertz wave is modulated by controlling the Fermi level of graphene via the polyimide as the top-gate dielectric material instead of the traditional dielectric materials. It is found that the terahertz modulator can achieve a modulation depth of ~20.9% with a small operating gate voltage of 3.5 V and a low insertion loss of 2.1 dB.

石墨烯场效应晶体管的X射线总剂量效应

本文针对不同结构、尺寸的石墨烯场效应晶体管(graphene field effect transistors,GFET)开展了基于10 keV-X射线的总剂量效应研究.结果表明,随累积剂量的增大,不同结构GFET的狄拉克电压V_(Dirac)和载流子迁移率μ不断退化;相比于背栅型GFET,顶栅型GFET的辐射损伤更加严重;尺寸对GFET器件的总剂量效应决定于器件结构;200μm×200μm尺寸的顶栅型GFET损伤最严重,而背栅型GFET是50μm×50μm尺寸的器件损伤最严重.研究表明:对于顶栅型GFET,辐照过程中在栅氧层中形成的氧化物陷阱电荷的积累是V_(Dirac)和μ降低的主要原因.背栅型GFET不仅受到辐射在栅氧化层中产生的陷阱电荷的影响,还受到石墨烯表面的氧吸附的影响.在此基础上,结合TCAD仿真工具实现了顶栅器件氧化层中辐射产生的氧化物陷阱电荷对器件辐射响应规律的仿真.相关研究结果对于石墨烯器件的抗辐照加固研究具有重大意义.

石墨烯纳米带的制备技术及应用研究现状

石墨烯具有优异的力学、电学、光学、热学等物理性质,是当前新型材料的研究热点之一,被广泛应用在导电薄膜、储能元件、药物载体以及锂电池等领域。然而,石墨烯无带隙的特点限制其更广泛的应用,因此,通过技术手段打开石墨烯带隙成为学者们亟待解决的新问题。将石墨烯制成石墨烯纳米带(Graphene nanoribbons,GNRs)是打开其带隙的可行办法。因此,本文梳理了制备GNRs的不同方法,综述了其制备原理和研究进展,并对比了其优点和不足,提出了将不同方法的优点相互结合的复合制备方法,以实现可控、高效、高质量制备GNRs,最后介绍了GNRs在高性能传感器、场效应晶体管和光电探测器领域应用的研究进展和未来发展趋势。这对GNRs进一步应用在纳米器件中有一定的指导意义。

hBN栅绝缘介质石墨烯射频场效应管建模与性能研究

具有原子级平滑表面的hBN(六方氮化硼)不仅与石墨烯有相同的二维平面结构,而且还有许多相似的特性,采用hBN作为栅绝缘介质,有望可以提升石墨烯射频场效应管的性能。为了研究hBN栅绝缘介质石墨烯射频场效应管的射频特性,基于SILVACO TCAD软件进行了hBN栅绝缘介质石墨烯射频场效应管结构建模,通过数值计算对器件的转移特性、输出特性、电容特性以及射频特性进行了模拟计算。结果表明:器件的特征频率fT(单位增益带宽)高达58.79 GHz、最大振荡频率fMAX高达75.58 GHz、单位长度栅电容CGC小于7.5×10^(-16)F/μm,阈值电压为0.38 V。研究结果对hBN栅绝缘介质石墨烯射频场效应管的开发、设计具有重要的参考价值。

高温退火Cu(111)衬底上生长高质量厘米尺寸单晶石墨烯

二维(2D)石墨烯具有原子层厚度,在电子器件中展示出突破摩尔定律限制的巨大潜力。目前,化学气相沉积(CVD)是一种广泛应用于石墨烯生长的方法,满足低成本、大面积生产和易于控制层数的需求。然而,由于催化金属(例如Cu)衬底一般为多晶特性,导致CVD法生长的石墨烯晶体质量相对较差。为此,通过高温退火工艺制备了Cu(111)单晶衬底,使石墨烯的初始成核过程得到了很好的控制,从而实现了厘米尺寸的高质量单晶石墨烯的制备。根据二者的晶格匹配关系,Cu(111)衬底为石墨烯生长提供了唯一的成核取向,相邻石墨烯成核岛的边界能够缝合到一起。单晶石墨烯具有高电导率,相较于原始多晶Cu上生长的石墨烯(1415.7Ω·sq^(-1)),其平均薄层电阻低至607.5Ω·sq^(-1)。高温退火能够清洁铜箔,从而获得表面粗糙度较低的洁净石墨烯。将石墨烯用于场效应晶体管(FET),器件的最大开关比为145.5,载流子迁移率为2.31×10^(3)cm^(2)·V^(-1)·s^(-1)。基于以上结果,相信本工作中的单晶石墨烯还满足其他高性能电子器件的制备。

Realization of low contact resistance close to theoretical limit in graphene transistors

认识到在 graphene 和金属电极之间的低接触抵抗为造高效的 graphene 设备仍然是著名挑战。在这个工作，我们试图在 graphene 晶体管减少接触抵抗并且进一步探索在 graphene 和金属接触之间的抵抗限制。在房间温度的 Pd/graphene 接触抵抗在 100 ?? 下面被减少 ? ?? 汣獡 ? 愢瀭畬 ? 汰獵?? 猯'T ￣慮潮慰瑲捩敬 ? 敤潣慲整 ? 湯吠佩猼'T 挠慬獳∽ ? 汰獵瀭畬 ? 资 ? ?? 渠湡景扩牥 ? 湥 'L 敬 ? 桴 ? ?捣獥晳汵椠瑮来慲楴湯漠 ? 桴 ? 楢慮祲挠浯潰楳整椠瑮 ? 慢瑴牥敩 ? 潴愠摤敲獳猠牴 ' 壮霊 `? 瑳 'L 汩瑩 ? 湡 ? 潬 ? 慣慰楣吗？