Characterization of subunits encoded by Sn RK1 and dissection of combinations among these subunits in sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L.)

Sucrose nonfermenting-related protein kinase 1(SnRK1)is one of the critical serine/threonine protein kinases.It commonly mediates plant growth and development,cross-talks with metabolism processes and physiological responses to biotic or abiotic stresses.It plays a key role in distributing carbohydrates and sugar signal transporting.In the present study,eight SnRK1 coding genes were identified in sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L.)via sequences alignment,with three forαsubunits(SnRK1α1 to SnRK1α3),three forβ(SnRK1β1 to SnRK1β3),and one for bothγ(SnRK1γ)andβγ(SnRK1βγ).These eight corresponding genes located on five chromosomes(Chr)of Chr1–3,Chr7,and Chr9 and presented collinearities to SnRK1s from maize and rice,exhibiting highly conserved domains within the same subunits from the three kinds of cereals.Expression results via qRT-PCR showed that different coding genes of SnRK1s in sorghum possessed similar expression patterns except for SnRK1α3 with a low expression level in grains and SnRK1β2 with a relatively high expression level in inflorescences.Results of subcellular localization in sorghum leaf protoplast showed that SnRK1α1/α2/α3/γmainly located on organelles,while the rest four of SnRK1β1/β2/β3/βγlocated on both membranes and some organelles.Besides,three combinations were discovered among eight SnRK1 subunits in sorghum through yeast two hybrid,includingα1-β2-βγ,α2-β3-γ,andα3-β3-γ.These results provide informative references for the following functional dissection of SnRK1 subunits in sorghum.

Differences in Nuclear DNA Between Male-Sterile and Male-Fertile Lines of Sorghum bicolor

Cytoplasmic male sterility(cms)is determined by nuclear-cytoplasmic interactions. Up to now, most studies are focused on the comparison of cytoplasmic DNAs of male-sterile lines and male-fertile lines, and analysis of nuclear DNA has not been documented yet. In order to find out the possible difference in nuclear genome of male-sterile line A1 Tx623 and corresponding male-fertile line Tx623 of sorghum, random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)approach was used to analyze their cytoplasmic and nuclear genomes. Total DNAs of them were amplified at first to screen primers, which were able to generate reproducible bands specific to male-sterile line or male-fertile line. Then the selected primers were used to amplify their mitochon-drial DNA(mtDNA)and chloroplast DNA(cpDNA). The origins of all the polymorphic fragments were analyzed. After ruling out those amplified from cytoplasmic DNA, seventeen polymorphic fragments were determined to be amplified from nuclear DNA. These fragments originated from nuclear DNA indicate that differences in sequence exist between the nuclear DNA of male-sterile line and male-fertile line of sorghum, which do not agree with the traditional standpoint that they have identical nucleus.

Genome-wide identification and characterization of the JAZ gene family and its expression patterns under various abiotic stresses in Sorghum bicolor

The jasmonate ZIM domain(JAZ)protein belongs to the TIFY((TIF[F/Y]XG)domain protein)family,which is composed of several plant-specific proteins that play important roles in plant growth,development,and defense responses.However,the mechanism of the sorghum JAZ family in response to abiotic stress remains unclear.In the present study,a total of 17 JAZ genes were identified in sorghum using a Hidden Markov Model search.In addition,real-time quantification polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)was used to analyze the gene expression patterns under abiotic stress.Based on phylogenetic tree analysis,the sorghum JAZ proteins were mainly divided into nine subfamilies.A promoter analysis revealed that the SbJAZ family contains diverse types of promoter cis-acting elements,indicating that JAZ proteins function in multiple pathways upon stress stimulation in plants.According to RT-qPCR,SbJAZ gene expression is tissuespecific.Additionally,under cold,hot,polyethylene glycol,jasmonic acid,abscisic acid,and gibberellin treatments,the expression patterns of SbJAZ genes were distinctly different,indicating that the expression of SbJAZ genes may be coordinated with different stresses.Furthermore,the overexpression of SbJAZ1 in Escherichia coli was found to promote the growth of recombinant cells under abiotic stresses,such as PEG 6000,NaCl,and 40℃ treatments.Altogether,our findings help us to better understand the potential molecular mechanisms of the SbJAZ family in sorghum in response to abiotic stresses.

Polyphenolic extract of Sorghum bicolor grains enhances reactive oxygen species detoxification in N-nitrosodiethylamine-treated rats

Reactive oxygen species detoxification potentials of Sorghum bicolor polyphenolic extract was investigated in the liver of N-nitrosodiethylaminetreated rats.Male rats,weighing(135±5.5)g were completely randomized into 7 groups(A–G)of five rats each.Rats in C,D,E and F were administered orally once daily at 24-h interval for 7 d with 500,125,250 and 500 mg/kg body weight of polyphenolic extract of S.bicolor,respectively.Group G was given 100 mg/kg body weight of vitamin C.On the sixth day,groups B,D,E,F and G were administered with 100 mg/kg body weight N-nitrosodiethylamine(NDEA).Group A,which served as the control was treated like the test groups except,that the animals received distilled water only.Reactive oxygen species detoxifying enzymes(superoxide dismutase,catalase,glutathione peroxidase,glutathione reductase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase)activities were significantly(P<0.05)induced by S.bicolor.These inductions significantly(P<0.05)attenuated the NDEA-mediated decrease in reactive oxygen species detoxifying enzymes and compared favourably with vitamin C.NDEA-mediated elevation in the concentrations of oxidative stress biomarkers;malondialdehyde,conjugated dienes,lipid hydroperoxides,protein carbonyl and percentage DNA fragmentation were significantly(P<0.05)lowered by S.bicolor polyphenolic extract.Overall,the results obtained from this study revealed that the polyphenolic extract of S.bicolor grains enhanced the detoxification of reactive oxygen species in NDEA-treated rats.The polyphenols also prevented the peroxidation of lipid,oxidation of proteins as well as fragmentation of DNA component in the liver of rats and hence gave the evidence of possible prophylactic potentials of S.bicolor grains.©2013 Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.

Effect of Sowing Rate on Agronomic Traits of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench) in Southern Kyushu, Japan

Newly released sudangrass-type sorghum cv. “Tarzan” was bred for use as a bioenergy-resource feedstuff in Germany. Since the genotype was collected at a high altitudinal site in the Central Africa continent, its early growth is vigorous at low temperature. As vigorous growth at low temperature is derived from high tillering ability, the sowing rate of this genotype should be reduced from the ordinary rate for sorghum. Thus, in the present study, the optimal sowing rate of cv. “Tarzan” in southern Kyushu was determined by the effect of sowing rate at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 g·m-2, designated as low (L), middle (M), and high (H) levels, respectively, on growth habit compared with the normal sudangrass cultivar “Roll-king II”. Early growth was retarded by heavy precipitation in June, after which the growth was comparable for the two genotypes. Dry matter yield of “Tarzan” increased with higher sowing rate;the H level yield was 1298 g·m-2, and the yield was not adversely affected by the humidity and heat in the summer growing season, compared with “Roll-king II”. This suggests that “Tarzan” can adapt to the humid, hot climate in southern Kyushu, and the optimum sowing rate of “Tarzan” should be as low as 1.0 - 1.5 g·m-2, which is less than one-fifth to one-third that of forage sudangrass grown in the region.

Genome-wide identification,expression and functional analysis of sugar transporters in sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L.)

Sugar transporters are essential for osmotic process regulation,various signaling pathways and plant growth and development.Currently,few studies are available on the function of sugar transporters in sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L.).In this study,we performed a genome-wide survey of sugar transporters in sorghum.In total,98 sorghum sugar transporters(SSTs)were identified via BLASTP.These SSTs were classified into three families based on the phylogenetic and conserved domain analysis,including six sucrose transporters(SUTs),23 sugars will eventually be exported transporters(SWEETs),and 69 monosaccharide transporters(MSTs).The sorghum MSTs were further divided into seven subfamilies,including 24 STPs,23 PLTs,two VGTs,four INTs,three p Glc T/SBG1 s,five TMTs,and eight ERDs.Chromosomal localization of the SST genes showed that they were randomly distributed on 10 chromosomes,and substantial clustering was evident on the specific chromosomes.Twenty-seven SST genes from the families of SWEET,ERD,STP,and PLT were found to cluster in eight tandem repeat event regions.In total,22 SSTs comprising 11 paralogous pairs and accounting for 22.4%of all the genes were located on the duplicated blocks.The different subfamilies of SST proteins possessed the same conserved domain,but there were some differences in features of the motif and transmembrane helices(TMH).The publicly-accessible RNA-sequencing data and real-time PCR revealed that the SST genes exhibited distinctive tissue specific patterns.Functional studies showed that seven SSTs were mainly located on the cell membrane and membrane organelles,and 14 of the SSTs could transport different types of monosaccharides in yeast.These findings will help us to further elucidate their roles in the sorghum sugar transport and sugar signaling pathways.

甜芦粟(Sorghum bicolor)总黄酮提取及抗炎活性研究

目的:分析崇明甜芦粟总黄酮及其抗炎作用研究,以期为崇明地方特色甜芦粟的进一步开发提供重要科学依据。方法:提取分离定量甜芦粟总黄酮,用Griess法考察总黄酮体外抗炎活性,用足趾肿胀模型考察总黄酮体内抗炎活性。结果:甜芦粟富含黄酮。甜芦粟总黄酮可抑制LPS刺激的RAW264.7巨噬细胞产生NO,且呈浓度依赖性,而且其对RAW264.7巨噬细胞生长无明显的抑制作用。甜芦粟总黄酮提取液在造模后20~120min时间内可显著抑制角叉菜胶引起的足趾肿胀。结论:甜芦粟总黄酮具有较好的抗炎活性,且呈浓度依赖性,因而甜芦粟作为一个地方特色物种具有重要的应用和开发价值。

Optimum Protocol for Shoot Formation in karandafi Red Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i>(L.) Moench) through Somatic Embryogenesis Using Mature Embryo

In this study, an optimum protocol for shoot formation through somatic embryogenesis using mature embryo explants was developed. Calli were initiated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with varying concentration of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyl acetic acid (2,4-D) ranging from 1.5 mg/l-4.0 mg/l alone or in combination with 0.5 mg/l Kinetin (KN). Significance difference (p 0.05) was observed among the different concentrations of hormone used for callus induction. The highest percentage callus formation was obtained from the media fortified with 4 mg/l 2, 4-D for mature embryo obtained from imbibed seed while for the preconditioned mature embryo, the media supplemented with 2 m/l 2,4-D + 0.5 mg/l kinetin (KN) recorded more percentage callus formation compared to what was obtained from the media supplemented with 2.5 mg/l2,4-D + 0.5 mg/l. More percentage shoot formation was obtained from the media supplemented with 1 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (BA). Average number of shoot per callus was also more in the media fortified with 1 mg/l BA (2.25) but this was not significantly different from what was obtained from the media fortified with 2 mg/l BA+ 0.1 mg/l 2,4-D at 5% level of significance.

Genetic Diversity in the Environmental Conditioning of Two Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i>L.) Hybrids

Sorghum metabolism continually adapts to environmental temperature as thermal patterns modulate diurnally and seasonally. The degree of adaptation to any given temperature may be difficult to determine from phenotypic responses of the plants. The present study was designed to see if the efficiency of quantum yield of photosystem II could be used as a measure of how well leaf tissue metabolism was able to withstand a prolonged respiratory demand caused by elevated temperatures. The efficiency of quantum yield values of Pioneer 84G62 and Northrup King KS585 commercial sorghum hybrids showed that when the hybrids were grown in a 28&deg;C/20&deg;C day/night cycle in the greenhouse or the field, Pioneer hybrid 84G62 withstood subsequent elevated thermal challenges better than Northrup King KS585. The same hybrids grown in a 39&deg;C/32&deg;C day/night cycle showed similar efficiency of quantum yield values when thermally challenged. Water-deficit stress increased the heat resistance of the tissue raising the efficiency of quantum yield of both lines to the same level. Upon recovery from the water deficit stress the differential efficiency of quantum yield values between the two lines re-appeared. The data provided in this study suggest a metabolic advantage of Pioneer 84G62 to environmental thermal challenges compared with the Northrup King KS585.

<i>In Vitro</i>Sickling Inhibitory Effects and Anti-Sickle Erythrocytes Hemolysis of <i>Dicliptera colorata</i>C. B. Clarke, <i>Euphorbia hirta</i>L. and <i>Sorghum bicolor</i>(L.) Moench

Diclipteracolorata C. B. Clarke, Euphorbia hirta L. and Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench are reported among plant species used in Congolese traditional medicine to treat Sickle Cell Disease. These medicinal plants have been investigated for their inhibitory effect on the induced sickling process of red blood cells using Emmel’s test. Aqueous plant extracts showed good antisickling activity as revealed by the observed normal biconcave form of sickle red blood cells in anoxic conditions. The calculated radius of treated red blood cells by Euphorbia hirta L., Diclipteracolorata C. B. Clarke and Sorghum biocolor (L.) Moench extracts are 3.31 ± 0.55;3.34 ± 0.53;3.17 ± 0.52, respectively. Euphorbia hirta L. is the most active with a normalization rate, more than 70%. The chemical screening performed on these plants showed the presence of anthocyanins which were then extracted. The test carried out with anthocyanin extracts showed that these phenolic compounds have a good antisickling activity and, additionally, possess an anti-hemolytic effect on SS blood. This suggests that the evidenced biological activity of these plants would be due to anthocyanins. The results hence obtained justify the use of these plants in Congolese traditional medicine.

Effect of Planting Date on Yield and Yield Components of Grain Sorghum Hybrids

In Kansas, productivity of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is affected by weather conditions at planting and during pollination. Planting date management and selection of hybrid maturity group can help to avoid severe environmental stresses during these sensitive stages. The hypothesis of the study was that late May planting improves grain sorghum yield and yield components compared with late June planting. The objectives of this research were to investigate the influence of planting dates yield and yield components of different grain sorghum hybrids, and to determine the optimal planting date and hybrid combination for maximum biomass and grains production. Three sorghum hybrids (early, medium, and late maturing) were planted in late May and late June without irrigation in Kansas at Manhattan/Ashland Bottom Research Station, and Hutchinson in 2010;and at Manhattan/North Farm and Hutchinson in 2011. Data on dry matter production, yield and yield components were collected. Grain yield and yield components were influenced by planting date depending on environmental conditions. At Manhattan (2010), greater grain yield, number of heads per plant, were obtained with late-June planting compared with late May planting, while at Hutchinson (2010) greater yield was obtained with late May planting for all hybrids. The yield component most affected at Hutchinson was the number of kernels∙panicle−1 and plant density. Late-May planting was favorable for late maturing hybrid (P84G62) in all locations. However, the yield of early maturing hybrid (DKS 28-05) and medium maturing hybrid (DKS 37-07) was less affected by delayed planting. The effects of planting dates on yield and yield components of grain sorghum hybrids were found to be variable among hybrid maturity groups and locations.

甜高粱(Sorghum bicolor L. Beauv)茎秆相关性状遗传分析

以粒用高粱品种忻粱52(P1)和甜高粱品种W452(P2)杂交构建的F2:3代群体为试材,对甜高粱的糖锤度、出汁率及茎叶鲜重百分比进行了主-多基因遗传模型的研究。研究表明:忻粱52×W452组合中糖锤度和出汁率均表现为2对主基因+多基因遗传,主基因和多基因分别服从加性-显性效应,显性效应大于加性效应,主基因的遗传效率分别为72.79%和87.69%,多基因的遗传效率分别为3.02%和2.79%;茎叶鲜重百分比的遗传模式为2对主基因+多基因遗传,主基因为加性-显性-上位性模型,多基因服从加性-显性-上位性模型,控制茎叶鲜重百分比的加性效应大于显性效应,主基因的遗传效率为45.33%,多基因的遗传效率为6.98%。

SbHKT1;4, a member of the high‐affinity potassium transporter gene family from Sorghum bicolor, functions to maintain optimal Na^+/K^+ balance under Na^+ stress

In halophytic plants, the high-affinity potassium transporter HKT gene family can selectively uptake K＋ in the presence of toxic concentrations of Na＋. This has so far not been well examined in glycophytic crops. Here, we report the characterization of SbHKTI;4, a member of the HKT gene family from Sorghum bicolor. Upon Na＋ stress, SbHKT1;4 expression was more strongly upregulated in salt-tolerant sorghum accession, correlating with a better balanced Na＋/ K＋ ratio and enhanced plant growth. Heterogeneous expression analyses in mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Arabidopsis thaliana indicated that overexpressing SbHKT1;4 resulted in hypersensitivity to Na＋ stress, and such hypersensitivity could be alleviated with the supply of elevated levels of K＋, implicating that SbHKT1;4 may mediate K＋ uptake in the presence of excessive Na＋. Further electrophysiological evidence demonstrated that SbHKT1;4 could transport Na＋ and K＋ when expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. The relevance of the finding that SbHKTI;4 functions to maintain optimal Na＋/K＋ balance under Na＋ stress to the breeding of salt-tolerant glycophytic crops is discussed.

高粱(Sorghum bicolor)分子图谱的构建及寄生草(Striga asiatica)萌发诱导物基因的定位

高粱是世界上第五大主要粮食作物，也是非洲国家的主要粮食来源之一，Ｓｔｒｉｇａ ａｓｉａｔｉｃａ是一种寄生于高粱等主要农作物的野生草之一。选用两个对寄生草抗性表现差异的 高粱品系“山桂红”和“ＳＲＮ３９”作亲本，构建了一个重组近交系群体（Ｒｅｃｏｍｂｉｎａｎｔ ｉｎｂｒｅｄ， ＲＩ），并随机筛选出９４个系用于构建分子连锁图谱和基因定位。在应用的２８６个多态性标记 中，有２５１个标记分别标定在１０条不同的连锁群上，标记间的平均图距为７．１ｃｍ，总图谱覆盖 了高粱基因组的１７７９ｃｍ，是目前国际上几个比较完整的高粱分子连锁图谱之一。群体的共 分离分析表明，与寄生草抗性有关的萌发诱导物基因（Ｇｅｒｍｉｎｉｎａｔｉｏｎ ｓｔｉｍｕｌａｎｔ ｇｅｎｅ－ＧｅｒｍＳｔｉｍ） 位于高粱的遗传连锁群Ｊ上，相距较近的分子标记为１３ｃｍ。进一步的精细定位分析，发现有 两个分子标记分别位于基因的两侧，距离为１．６和２．１个ｃｍ。

高粱(Sorghumbicolor(L.)Moench)未成熟胚乳培养的研究

高粱未成熟胚乳在含有 BA或 2 .4-D与 KT组合的培养基上诱导启动 .诱导形成愈伤组织的适宜激素是 :2 .4-D4mg/L,BA1m g/L,NAA0 .2 mg/L 的组合或 2 .4-D2 mg/L,KT1m g/L 的组合 .适宜的分化激素组合是 (1)2 .4-D0 .5 mg/L,NAA0 .2 mg/L,BA0 .7mg/L,KT4mg/L;(2 ) NAA0 .5 mg/L,ZT1mg/L;(3 ) 2 .4-D0 .5 m g/L,KT1m g/L.脱分化后的胚乳细胞 ,部分细胞进入分裂期形成愈伤组织 ,胚乳愈伤组织有较强的分化能力 .植株形成方式为器官发生 .

Farmers’ Perception of Phenotypic Variation of Different Types of Sorghum Cultivated in Burkina Faso

Sorghum bicolor is a multi-purpose species adapted to many agroecological zones of Burkina Faso. In the local farming system, different types of sorghum are cultivated together. Such farming conditions could increase gene flow between the different types of sorghum and contribute to the evolution of their main morphological characteristics. Understanding the effect of the farming system on the characteristics of different types of sorghum could contribute to building a strategy for the management of its genetic diversity. A survey and accessions collection was carried out in ten villages selected in two agroclimatic zones of Burkina Faso. A total of 133 accessions were collected and thirty local names were recorded. The results revealed a significant variability within sorghum characteristics based on farmers’ descriptions. Four types of sorghum were identified by farmers based on their uses. These are sweet grain sorghum, grain sorghum, sweet sorghum and dyer sorghum. Most of farmers (54.6%) practised intercropping, and 28.86% of them intercropped several types of sorghum in the same or nearby fields. A high coincidence of the flowering period of the types of sorghum was observed by farmers in both agroclimatic zones. The results also showed that most of the farmers (55.7%) noted changes in the morphological characteristics of different types of sorghum. These variations included the reduction in potential yields and changes in grain taste and colour within the same type. Understanding these variations could help conserve and sustain sorghum genetic resources in Burkina Faso.

外源亚精胺对盐胁迫下甜高粱(Sorghum bicolor)幼苗的影响

为探究外源亚精胺(spermidine,Spd)对盐胁迫下甜高粱幼苗生长及生理生化的影响,以‘辽甜1号’甜高粱为试验材料,采用不同浓度(0.5 mmol/L,1.0 mmol/L,1.5 mmol/L)的Spd喷施处理165 mmol/L NaCl胁迫下的甜高粱幼苗,测定处理7 d和15 d后甜高粱幼苗的叶绿素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸(Pro)、丙二醛(MDA)含量和净光合速率(Net photosynthetic rate,Pn)、气孔导度(stomatal conductance,Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(intercellular CO2 concentration,Ci)、蒸腾速率(transpiration rate,Tr)以及超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(ascorbate peroxidase,APX)活性等生理生化指标,测定处理15 d后甜高粱幼苗的株高、鲜重、干重及幼苗相对含水量。结果表明,盐胁迫显著抑制了甜高粱幼苗的生长及生理生化指标,喷施不同浓度Spd可提高盐胁迫下甜高粱幼苗叶片叶绿素含量、Pn、Gs、Tr,降低Ci,提高可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和Pro含量,降低MDA含量,提高SOD、POD、CAT和APX活性。说明在盐胁迫下外源喷施Spd能够增强甜高粱幼苗的光合作用,促进幼苗生长,同时增加渗透调节物质含量,提高抗氧化物酶活性以稳定细胞内环境,从而增强甜高粱幼苗的耐盐性,其中1.0 mmol/L的Spd处理效果最佳。本研究为利用外源Spd缓解植物盐胁迫伤害提供科学依据,为提高甜高粱幼苗的耐盐性提供一种新的手段。

PCR Amplification，Cloning and Sequencing of RbcL Coding Region in Mesophyll Cell and Bundle Sheath Cell of Sorghum（Sorghum bicolor L．）

ＰＣＲＡｍｐｌｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ，ＣｌｏｎｉｎｇａｎｄＳｅｑｕｅｎｃｉｎｇｏｆＲｂｃＬＣｏｄｉｎｇＲｅｇｉｏｎｉｎＭｅｓｏｐｈｙｌｌＣｅｌｌａｎｄＢｕｎｄｌｅＳｈｅａｔｈＣｅｌｌｏｆＳｏｒｇｈｕｍ（ＳｏｒｇｈｕｍｂｉｃｏｌｏｒＬ．）ＺＨＡＯＹｉｎ－ｓ...

高粱CIPK家族基因的全基因组鉴定及非生物胁迫下的表达特征

钙调磷酸酶B样蛋白互作蛋白激酶(CIPK)是一种重要的Ca^(2+)信号传感器,在植物应答逆境非生物胁迫过程中发挥着重要作用。为了探究高粱中CIPK家族基因的功能,本研究从高粱基因组中鉴定了31个SbCIPK基因,这些基因不均匀地分布在高粱的9条染色体上,编码蛋白质的氨基酸数量为403~519个,等电点为6.07~9.38,相对分子质量为46 357.31~58 316.97。基因结构分析结果表明,SbCIPK家族基因分为内含子缺失型和内含子富集型2类。进化树分析结果表明,SbCIPK家族蛋白质成员分为8个亚族。基于转录组数据的表达模式分析结果表明,SbCIPK基因广泛参与对盐胁迫、干旱胁迫等非生物胁迫的响应。本研究结果可以为高粱CIPK家族基因的功能研究奠定基础。