[Objective] Analysis of combining ability of starch content variation in hybrid sorghum with the assistant of AMMI model. [Method] Based on the analyses of GCA using incomplete diallel cross(NCII), the SCA of hybrid s...[Objective] Analysis of combining ability of starch content variation in hybrid sorghum with the assistant of AMMI model. [Method] Based on the analyses of GCA using incomplete diallel cross(NCII), the SCA of hybrid sorghum was analyzed by AMMI model. [Result] For the starch content change of F1 hybrid sorghum, the effects of GCA and SCA accounted for 81.06% and 17.97%, respectively. In the present study, CMS lines 45A, 29A and restorer lines Hui 1, 44R were proved to be the excellent parent materials for preparing high starch hybrid sorghum cultivars. [Conclusion] The improvement of starch content in parents should be mainly concerned in breeding high starch content hybrid sorghum.展开更多
The starches were isolated by alkaline extraction from white and red sorghum, predominant cultivars in the Sahara of Algeria. Morphological, thermal properties and amylose content of isolated starches were examined. T...The starches were isolated by alkaline extraction from white and red sorghum, predominant cultivars in the Sahara of Algeria. Morphological, thermal properties and amylose content of isolated starches were examined. The starches of two sorghum landraces of white and pigmented kernels growing in hyper arid environmental conditions showed significant differences in granule size, amylose content and thermal behavior which ultimately affect the physicochemical and functional properties. When observed using environmental scanning electron microscopy （ESEM）. The starch granules showed polyhedral shape. Some of them showed pinholes. The granular size ranged between 6.325-39.905 μm and 7.096-44.774 μm, respectively for white and red sorghum starches. The granule size distribution was unimodal. The amylose content in white sorghum starch （27.1%） was higher than that in red sorghum （24.8%）. Differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） analysis revealed that sorghum starches present higher temperatures at the peak （70.60℃ and 72.28℃ for white and red sorghum starches, respectively） and lower gelatinization enthalpies （9.087 J/g and 8.270 J/g for white and red sorghum starches, respectively） than other cereal starches. The determination of these properties is relevant to the comprehension of starch and starch-based foods digestibility in order to direct them towards the specific applications in food and nonfood sectors.展开更多
Starch content is a key factor affecting sorghum grain quality. The research of sorghum grain starch accumulation and the related synthesis enzyme activities has great signiifcance for understanding the mechanisms of ...Starch content is a key factor affecting sorghum grain quality. The research of sorghum grain starch accumulation and the related synthesis enzyme activities has great signiifcance for understanding the mechanisms of starch metabolisms. The differences between a high and a low starch content sorghum hybrids （Tieza 17 and Liaoza 11, respectively） in grain starch accumulation and the related synthesis enzyme activities were assessed following imposition of water stress during lfowering stage. The total starch, amylase and amylopectin accumulation all decreased at the mid-late stage of grain iflling under drought stress during lfowering stage. The maximum and mean accumulation rates also decreased. During grain iflling, soluble starch synthase （SSS）, granule-bound starch synthase （GBSS）, starch branching enzyme （SBE）, and starch debranching enzymes （DBE） activities were all affected, though differently. Drought stress reduced starch accumulation in a larger extent for Tieza 17 than Liaoza 11. Drought stress during lfowing stage reduced starch synthesis enzyme activities, thus reducing starch accumulation in grains, and the differences between starch components were also demonstrated under drought stress.展开更多
Starch is the most important component in endosperm of sorghum grain.Usually,two types of starch are present:amylose(AM)and amylopectin(AP).The levels of AM and AP contents play a significant role in the appearance,st...Starch is the most important component in endosperm of sorghum grain.Usually,two types of starch are present:amylose(AM)and amylopectin(AP).The levels of AM and AP contents play a significant role in the appearance,structure,and quality of sorghum grains and in marketing applications.In the present study,a panel of 634 sorghum(Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench)accessions were evaluated for starch,AM,and AP contents of grain,which included a mini core collection of 242 accessions from the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics(ICRISAT)in India,and 252 landraces and 140 cultivars from China.The average starch content was 67.64%and the average AM and AP contents were 20.19 and 79.81%,respectively.We developed a total of 260000 high-confidence single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers in the panel of 634 accessions of S.bicolor using specific locus amplified fragment sequencing(SLAF-seq).We performed genome-wide association studies(GWAS)of starch,AM,and AM/AP of grain and SNP markers based on a mixed linear model(MLM).In total,70 significant association signals were detected for starch,AM,and AM/AP ratio of grain with P<4.452×10^-7,of which 10 SNPs were identified with significant starch,51 SNPs were associated with AM,and nine SNPs were associated with the AM/AP ratio.The Gene Ontology(GO)analysis identified 12 candidate genes at five QTLs associated with starch metabolism within the 200-kb intervals,located on chromosomes 1,5,6,and 9.Of these genes,Sobic.006G036500.1 encodes peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans-isomerase CYP38 responsible for hexose monophosphate shunt(HMS)and Sobic.009G071800 encodes 6-phospho-fructokinase(PFK),which is involved in the embden-meyerhof pathway(EMP).Kompetitive allele specific PCR(KASP)markers were developed to validate the GWAS results.The C allele is correlated with a high starch content,while the T allele is linked with a low level of starch content,and provides reliable haplotypes for MAS in sorghum quality improvement.展开更多
本试验于2019-2020年以汾酒粱1号为材料,在0、75、150、225、300和450 kg N hm^(-2)6个施氮水平下,于花后每隔7 d采集不同穗位籽粒分析其灌浆特性及淀粉形成过程,探究不同氮素用量对高粱籽粒灌浆及单粒淀粉累积的影响。结果表明,与不施...本试验于2019-2020年以汾酒粱1号为材料,在0、75、150、225、300和450 kg N hm^(-2)6个施氮水平下,于花后每隔7 d采集不同穗位籽粒分析其灌浆特性及淀粉形成过程,探究不同氮素用量对高粱籽粒灌浆及单粒淀粉累积的影响。结果表明,与不施氮相比施氮75 kg hm^(-2)显著提高了穗粒数和产量,但随施氮量的增加产量没有显著变化;氮素对优势粒(始花日开始2 d内开花的籽粒)和劣势粒(始花日开始5~6 d间开花的籽粒)的单粒重及单粒体积、灌浆特性和单粒淀粉累积的影响趋势基本一致,施氮条件下单粒重、单粒体积和灌浆速率随施氮量增加而增加,但不施氮处理的单粒重和单粒体积仍高于各施氮处理,且缺氮显著延长了灌浆活跃期。籽粒淀粉累积速率与参与籽粒淀粉合成的关键酶ADP-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGPase)和可溶性淀粉合酶(SSS)活性显著相关;过量施氮(450 kg N hm^(-2))灌浆前期籽粒中AGPase和SSS的活性最高,促进了灌浆前期籽粒淀粉累积;施氮75 kg hm^(-2)灌浆前期籽粒中AGPase和SSS的活性和淀粉累积速率次之;虽然缺氮降低了灌浆前期籽粒中AGPase和SSS的活性,但在灌浆后期维持较高活性而延长了灌浆活跃期,因而后期具有较高的单粒淀粉累积速率,提升了单粒淀粉累积量和单粒重。展开更多
文摘[Objective] Analysis of combining ability of starch content variation in hybrid sorghum with the assistant of AMMI model. [Method] Based on the analyses of GCA using incomplete diallel cross(NCII), the SCA of hybrid sorghum was analyzed by AMMI model. [Result] For the starch content change of F1 hybrid sorghum, the effects of GCA and SCA accounted for 81.06% and 17.97%, respectively. In the present study, CMS lines 45A, 29A and restorer lines Hui 1, 44R were proved to be the excellent parent materials for preparing high starch hybrid sorghum cultivars. [Conclusion] The improvement of starch content in parents should be mainly concerned in breeding high starch content hybrid sorghum.
文摘The starches were isolated by alkaline extraction from white and red sorghum, predominant cultivars in the Sahara of Algeria. Morphological, thermal properties and amylose content of isolated starches were examined. The starches of two sorghum landraces of white and pigmented kernels growing in hyper arid environmental conditions showed significant differences in granule size, amylose content and thermal behavior which ultimately affect the physicochemical and functional properties. When observed using environmental scanning electron microscopy （ESEM）. The starch granules showed polyhedral shape. Some of them showed pinholes. The granular size ranged between 6.325-39.905 μm and 7.096-44.774 μm, respectively for white and red sorghum starches. The granule size distribution was unimodal. The amylose content in white sorghum starch （27.1%） was higher than that in red sorghum （24.8%）. Differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） analysis revealed that sorghum starches present higher temperatures at the peak （70.60℃ and 72.28℃ for white and red sorghum starches, respectively） and lower gelatinization enthalpies （9.087 J/g and 8.270 J/g for white and red sorghum starches, respectively） than other cereal starches. The determination of these properties is relevant to the comprehension of starch and starch-based foods digestibility in order to direct them towards the specific applications in food and nonfood sectors.
基金supported by the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System,China
文摘Starch content is a key factor affecting sorghum grain quality. The research of sorghum grain starch accumulation and the related synthesis enzyme activities has great signiifcance for understanding the mechanisms of starch metabolisms. The differences between a high and a low starch content sorghum hybrids （Tieza 17 and Liaoza 11, respectively） in grain starch accumulation and the related synthesis enzyme activities were assessed following imposition of water stress during lfowering stage. The total starch, amylase and amylopectin accumulation all decreased at the mid-late stage of grain iflling under drought stress during lfowering stage. The maximum and mean accumulation rates also decreased. During grain iflling, soluble starch synthase （SSS）, granule-bound starch synthase （GBSS）, starch branching enzyme （SBE）, and starch debranching enzymes （DBE） activities were all affected, though differently. Drought stress reduced starch accumulation in a larger extent for Tieza 17 than Liaoza 11. Drought stress during lfowing stage reduced starch synthesis enzyme activities, thus reducing starch accumulation in grains, and the differences between starch components were also demonstrated under drought stress.
基金supported by the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-06)
文摘Starch is the most important component in endosperm of sorghum grain.Usually,two types of starch are present:amylose(AM)and amylopectin(AP).The levels of AM and AP contents play a significant role in the appearance,structure,and quality of sorghum grains and in marketing applications.In the present study,a panel of 634 sorghum(Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench)accessions were evaluated for starch,AM,and AP contents of grain,which included a mini core collection of 242 accessions from the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics(ICRISAT)in India,and 252 landraces and 140 cultivars from China.The average starch content was 67.64%and the average AM and AP contents were 20.19 and 79.81%,respectively.We developed a total of 260000 high-confidence single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers in the panel of 634 accessions of S.bicolor using specific locus amplified fragment sequencing(SLAF-seq).We performed genome-wide association studies(GWAS)of starch,AM,and AM/AP of grain and SNP markers based on a mixed linear model(MLM).In total,70 significant association signals were detected for starch,AM,and AM/AP ratio of grain with P<4.452×10^-7,of which 10 SNPs were identified with significant starch,51 SNPs were associated with AM,and nine SNPs were associated with the AM/AP ratio.The Gene Ontology(GO)analysis identified 12 candidate genes at five QTLs associated with starch metabolism within the 200-kb intervals,located on chromosomes 1,5,6,and 9.Of these genes,Sobic.006G036500.1 encodes peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans-isomerase CYP38 responsible for hexose monophosphate shunt(HMS)and Sobic.009G071800 encodes 6-phospho-fructokinase(PFK),which is involved in the embden-meyerhof pathway(EMP).Kompetitive allele specific PCR(KASP)markers were developed to validate the GWAS results.The C allele is correlated with a high starch content,while the T allele is linked with a low level of starch content,and provides reliable haplotypes for MAS in sorghum quality improvement.
文摘本试验于2019-2020年以汾酒粱1号为材料,在0、75、150、225、300和450 kg N hm^(-2)6个施氮水平下,于花后每隔7 d采集不同穗位籽粒分析其灌浆特性及淀粉形成过程,探究不同氮素用量对高粱籽粒灌浆及单粒淀粉累积的影响。结果表明,与不施氮相比施氮75 kg hm^(-2)显著提高了穗粒数和产量,但随施氮量的增加产量没有显著变化;氮素对优势粒(始花日开始2 d内开花的籽粒)和劣势粒(始花日开始5~6 d间开花的籽粒)的单粒重及单粒体积、灌浆特性和单粒淀粉累积的影响趋势基本一致,施氮条件下单粒重、单粒体积和灌浆速率随施氮量增加而增加,但不施氮处理的单粒重和单粒体积仍高于各施氮处理,且缺氮显著延长了灌浆活跃期。籽粒淀粉累积速率与参与籽粒淀粉合成的关键酶ADP-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGPase)和可溶性淀粉合酶(SSS)活性显著相关;过量施氮(450 kg N hm^(-2))灌浆前期籽粒中AGPase和SSS的活性最高,促进了灌浆前期籽粒淀粉累积;施氮75 kg hm^(-2)灌浆前期籽粒中AGPase和SSS的活性和淀粉累积速率次之;虽然缺氮降低了灌浆前期籽粒中AGPase和SSS的活性,但在灌浆后期维持较高活性而延长了灌浆活跃期,因而后期具有较高的单粒淀粉累积速率,提升了单粒淀粉累积量和单粒重。
