Effect of Supplementary Irrigation on the Yield of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) in the Context of Climate Change in the Dry Savannahs of Togo

Under the current context of climate change, supplementary irrigation may be needed for crop production resilience. We determined the effects of supplementary irrigation on sorghum grain yield in the dry Savannah region of Togo. A two-year trial was conducted in a controlled environment at AREJ, an agro-ecological center in Cinkassé. The plant material was sorghum variety Sorvato 28. The experimental design was a Completely Randomized Block with three replications and three treatments as follows: T0 control plot (rainfed conditions);T1 (supplementary irrigation from flowering to grain filling stage) and T2 (supplementary irrigation from planting to grain filling stage). Two irrigation techniques (furrow and Californian system) were used under each watering treatment. The results showed that irrigation technique significantly affected panicle length with no effect on 1000 grains mass. Panicle length and grain yields varied from 15.59 to 25.71 cm and 0.0 to 2.06 t∙h−1, respectively, with the highest values (25.66 cm and 2.06 t∙h−1, respectively) under the T2 treatment with the California system-based supplementary irrigation. The comparison of results obtained on treatment T0 and T2, shows that supplementary irrigation increased the yields by at least 68.62%. Supplementary irrigation during sowing and growing season (T2) improved sorghum yields in the dry savannahs of Togo, with a better performance of the California irrigation system.

Effect of Planting Date on Yield and Yield Components of Grain Sorghum Hybrids

In Kansas, productivity of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is affected by weather conditions at planting and during pollination. Planting date management and selection of hybrid maturity group can help to avoid severe environmental stresses during these sensitive stages. The hypothesis of the study was that late May planting improves grain sorghum yield and yield components compared with late June planting. The objectives of this research were to investigate the influence of planting dates yield and yield components of different grain sorghum hybrids, and to determine the optimal planting date and hybrid combination for maximum biomass and grains production. Three sorghum hybrids (early, medium, and late maturing) were planted in late May and late June without irrigation in Kansas at Manhattan/Ashland Bottom Research Station, and Hutchinson in 2010;and at Manhattan/North Farm and Hutchinson in 2011. Data on dry matter production, yield and yield components were collected. Grain yield and yield components were influenced by planting date depending on environmental conditions. At Manhattan (2010), greater grain yield, number of heads per plant, were obtained with late-June planting compared with late May planting, while at Hutchinson (2010) greater yield was obtained with late May planting for all hybrids. The yield component most affected at Hutchinson was the number of kernels∙panicle−1 and plant density. Late-May planting was favorable for late maturing hybrid (P84G62) in all locations. However, the yield of early maturing hybrid (DKS 28-05) and medium maturing hybrid (DKS 37-07) was less affected by delayed planting. The effects of planting dates on yield and yield components of grain sorghum hybrids were found to be variable among hybrid maturity groups and locations.

Systematic Errors Introduced into Sorghum Grain Yield Data: Does the Multiseed (<i>msd</i>) Trait Increase Sorghum Seed Yield?

Multiseed (msd) mutant sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] lines with greatly increased seed numbers were developed. It was originally thought that the msd trait could increase grain yield several times in comparison with the wild type from which the mutant was derived. However, in a small plot trial, msd seed yield decreased when compared to the parent line. Herein we report results that msd seed yield remained either unchanged or slightly increased in comparison to the parent line. We suggest that attempts to measure msd sorghum seed yield were complicated due to systematic errors associated with the post-harvest processing methods, including threshing and pneumatic winnowing equipment that was used for harvest. That is, seed recovery and seed loss from individual panicles were affected by the post-harvest processing. When evaluating sorghum grain yield of types with different seed sizes, threshing and seed cleaning harvesting methods should be optimized for each sorghum line.

Juice, Ethanol, and Grain Yield Potential of Five Sweet Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i>[L.] Moench) Cultivars

Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) accumulates fermentable sugars in the stem and is increasingly being studied as a potential source of feedstock for bioethanol production. The objective of this study was to evaluate biomass and grain yield in five sweet sorghum cultivars (Dale, M81E, Sugar Drip, Della and Keller) and to determine quality of extractable juice and grain. Randomized complete block experiments were performed in the summer of 2009, 2010, and 2011. Leaf dry weight varied with year and cultivar and averaged 6177 kg·ha-1. Fresh stem weight ranged from 21 to 54 Mg·ha-1 with a mean across years and cultivars of 32.9 Mg·ha-1. Variations in stem weight were correlated with extractable juice volumes that ranged from 10 to 24 m3·ha-1. Juice Brix values fell within a narrow range (14% - 19%) across years and cultivars with an average of 15.6%. In all production years, theoretical sugar and ethanol yield were always numerically higher for Keller and M81E. Grain yield was lowest in Keller (90 kg·ha-1), but ranged from 400 to 1300 kg·ha-1 in other cultivars with a mean of 584 kg·ha-1 across years. However, Keller had the highest starch content with a lower proportion of resistant starch in the grain. Except for Keller, the cultivars tested are potential sources of both fermentable sugars and grain.

Moisture conservation practices and nutrient management on growth and yield of <i>rabi</i>sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i>) in the Vertisols of peninsular India

The effect of moisture conservation and nutrient management on growth and yield of rabi sorghum was studied at the Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Babbur Farm, Hiriyur Karnataka under rainfed conditions on medium black soil during rabi seasons of 2007-2008 and 2008-2009. Paired row planting (30-60-30 cm) and opening of furrow in wide rows at 35 Days After Sowing (DAS) proved superior over sowing across the slope and even ridges and furrows with tied ridging in terms of grain yield (1.10 t/ha), stover yield (1.51 t/ha) and 1000 grain weight (24.6 g). Similarly application of 50% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF + Farm Yard Manure (FYM) 2.5 t/ha + Microbial consortia (Trichoderma, Azospirillum and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) recorded significantly higher plant height (121 cm), panicle length (8.7 cm), panicle diameter (7.4 cm), 1000 grain weight (24.3 g), grain yield (0.95 t/ha) and stover yield (1.42 t/ha) over other treatments but on par with the application of 100% RDF + FYM 2.5 t/ha. Paired row planting (30-60-30 cm) and opening of furrow in wide rows at 35 DAS was also superior with maximum output energy of 43350 MJ/ha, rainwater use efficiency of 5.15 Kg/ha/mm and BC ratio of 2.31. Similarly application of 50%RDF + FYM 2.5 t/ha + Microbial consortia recorded higher output energy of 39525 MJ/ha and rainwater use efficiency of 4.48 Kg/ha/mm.

Effect of Tillage Methods and Foliar Fertilization (<i>Boost Extra</i>^TM) on Soil Physical Properties, Weed Dry Matter and Grain Yield of Sorghum in Ejiba, Kogi State, Nigeria

An experiment was carried out for two consecutive growing seasons (2012 and 2013) at the Research Site of the Lower Niger River Basin Development Authority, Ejiba, Nigeria, to examine the response of sorghum to tillage methods and foliar fertilizer (Boost ExtraTM) application. A split plot experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates to randomize the tillage methods (main plots) and foliar fertilizer application (sub-plots), respectively. The experiment comprised of three tillage methods: No Tillage (NT), Manual Tillage (MT) and convectional tillage (Ploughing, Harrowing and Ridging, PHR) and three foliar fertilizer rates: 0, 2 and 4 liters of foliar fertilizer per hectare. The parameters taken on soil physical properties and weed characters are soil moisture content (%), soil temperature (℃), weed species and weed dry weight (g). Growth and yield parameters taken are: average plant height (cm), stem girth (cm), leaf area (m2), days to 50% flowering, root dry weight (g), shoot dry weight (g), weight of 1000 seeds and grain yield per land area. Weeds were identified and harvested, and their dry weights were taken and recorded. Data were also collected from ten randomly selected plants in each plot. The data were statistically analyzed using GENSTAT. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out to find out the significance of variation among the treatments while the significant differences between mean treatments were separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level of probability. The results obtained from this study indicated that tillage methods and foliar fertilizer application significantly affected growth and yield parameters of sorghum, consequently the yield per unit area. The results also indicated that “Manually Tilled” seedbed (MT) improved soil physical properties better than either plots with PHR or No Till plots in the study area. Foliar fertilizer application at 2 l/ha performed best in terms of growth and yield. It is therefore recommended that manual tillage should be used as a method of seedbed preparation for sorghum production. However, better and stable grain yield of sorghum could be obtained with the practice of manual tillage (MT) in combination with foliar fertilization at rate of 2 litres/ha. It is recommended that different tillage methods should be combined with foliar fertilizer application for higher grain yield in the study area.

Effects of Sowing Time on Biological Yield of Forage Sorghum[Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench] in Autumn Idle Land

[Objective] This study was performed to explore the correlation between sowing time and biological yield of forage sorghum in autumn. [Method] In field trials,forage sorghum was sown on six different dates( July 23,July 29,August 6,August 14,August 22 and August 30). Then,seedling emergence stage,jointing stage,booting stage,heading stage,filling stage,fresh weight and dry weight in each plot were observed or measured. Finally,linear regression analysis on these data was carried out to deduce the correlation between sowing date and biological yield of forage sorghum. [Result]Sowing time showed a significant influence on biological yield of forage sorghum in idle land,and the biological yield of forage sorghum linearly decreased with the postponement of sowing time. The relationship between sowing time and biological yield of forage sorghum can be represented by the regression equations y_(fresh)= 196. 646-4. 625 x and y_(dry)= 58. 253-1. 423 x,wherein,x is sowing date,y_(fresh)and y_(dry)are the fresh weight and dry weight of forage sorghum. On average,the fresh weight of forage sorghum was reduced by 4. 625 kg/20 m^2,and dry weight by 1. 423 kg/20 m^2,when the sowing date was delayed by one day from July 23 to August 30. [Conclusion]The regression models built in this study will provide a theoretical basis for improving the yield of forage sorghum in autumn idle land.

Growth, Yield and Water Use Effeciency of Forage <i>Sorghum</i>as Affected by Npk Fertilizer and Deficit Irrigation

Drought stress (DS) is an important limiting factor for crop growth and production in some regions of the world. Limitation in water availability precludes optimal irrigation in some production regions. Therefore, investigations on the interaction of other factors to mitigate the DS to varying degree are important. Two field experiments were conducted in the experimental farm of the National Research Centre, Shalakan, Kalubia Governorate, Egypt, during 2004 and 2005 summer seasons to evaluate the interactions between N, P, K rates and optimal vs. deficit irrigation regimes on biomass yield as well as water use efficiency (WUE) of forage sorghum. Omission of the 4th irrigation significantly decreased the biomass of sorghum c.v. Pioneer, as compared to that of the plants receiving optimal irrigation or subject to omission of the 2nd irrigation. The biomass yield increased with an increase in NPK fertilizer rates. Plant height and leaf area also decreased by omitting the 2nd irrigation as compared to that of the plants under optimal irrigation, and further declined with omission of the 4th irrigation. The biomass of the plants (dry weight basis) that received the high N, P, K rates was greater by 26%, 29%, and 35% as compared to that of the plants that received no N, P, K fertilizers, under optimal irrigation, omission of the 2nd, and omission of the 4th irrigation, respectively. The corresponding increases in water use efficiency (based on fresh weight yield) were 37%, 42%, and 55%.

Purification of Active Peroxidase Isoenzymes and Their Responses to Nitrogen Fertilization and Rotation of Biomass Sorghum

Peroxidases (EC 1.11.1.7) participate in lignin biosynthesis. But peroxidation is not a tool for assaying lignocellulose metabolism because the active cannot yet be separated from the inactive peroxidases. A biochemical tool for assaying plant cell wall responses to agronomic practices is needed in the lignocellulosic feedstock renewable energy industry. Peroxidase of biomass sorghum was purified to 9 - 13 charge isomers by free solution IEF (Rotofor) technique. Free solution IEF was more effective than chromatographic purification of active peroxidase isoenzymes. Native PAGE separated each charge isomer to three anionic and three cationic isoenzymes. Hydrogen peroxide and o-dianisidine assays showed that only 20% - 30% of the isoenzymes displayed normal Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Sorghum planted without nitrogen fertilization induced the hydrogen peroxide noncompetitive inhibition of peroxidase, but 280 kg·ha–1 nitrogen fertilization and 100% sorghum mineral residue return to the soil tripled the concentration of active peroxidase and relieved the inhibition with concomitant increases of 350 kg lignin and 3532 kg·cellulose·ha–1. Nitrogen fertilization without crop rotation induced hydrogen peroxide inhibition of the peroxidase, but nitrogen fertilization and 25% sorghum rotation changed the PI of the active peroxidase from neutral to mildly acidic and relieved the inhibition with concomitant enormous increases of 690 kg lignin and 7151 kg·cellulose·ha–1. Hydrogen peroxide inhibition kinetics is consistent with the known peroxidase-substrate intermediate dead-end complex formation. Lignocellulosic yield was greatest under the agronomic management that combined 280 kg·ha–1 nitrogen fertilizer with 25% sorghum residue, which resulted in a shift of pI value of the active peroxidase due to a reduction in the Km value of the peroxidase. Therefore, up to 75% of sorghum biomass rather than only 50% can be harvested for conversion to bioenergy products.

Recent Advances in Sorghum Genetic Enhancement Research at ICRISAT

Sorghum is one of the most important cereal crops widely grown for food, feed, fodder/forage, and fuel in the semi-arid tropics of Asia, Africa, the Americas and Australia. The global sorghum areas remained static as the increased area in Africa compensated the area loss in Asia. In spite of rapid decline in sorghum area in Asia due to competition from other remunerative crops, sorghum grain production levels have not declined at the same rate owing to adoption of high yielding hybrids. Though impressive gains have been made in improving productivity levels, biotic and abiotic challenges such as shoot fly, stem borer, grain molds, and terminal drought stress continue to haunt the sorghum growers across the world. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) and the respec-tive national programs are working on genetic enhancement of sorghum for high yield;shoot fly, and grain mold resis-tance, and sweet stalk traits. In addition, research focus at ICRISAT also includes adaptation to postrainy season, ter-minal drought tolerance, and increasing micronutrient contents (Fe and Zn) in grain. Genetic and cytoplasmic diversi-fication of hybrid parents and varieties for key traits are critical for sustaining the productivity gains. The grain and stover quality requirements of different market segments needs special attention in sorghum improvement research to enhance its market value. This paper analyses the progress made in sorghum improvement research at ICRISAT in partnership with national programs in recent years and the way forward.

Effect of Sowing Rate on Agronomic Traits of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench) in Southern Kyushu, Japan

Newly released sudangrass-type sorghum cv. “Tarzan” was bred for use as a bioenergy-resource feedstuff in Germany. Since the genotype was collected at a high altitudinal site in the Central Africa continent, its early growth is vigorous at low temperature. As vigorous growth at low temperature is derived from high tillering ability, the sowing rate of this genotype should be reduced from the ordinary rate for sorghum. Thus, in the present study, the optimal sowing rate of cv. “Tarzan” in southern Kyushu was determined by the effect of sowing rate at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 g·m-2, designated as low (L), middle (M), and high (H) levels, respectively, on growth habit compared with the normal sudangrass cultivar “Roll-king II”. Early growth was retarded by heavy precipitation in June, after which the growth was comparable for the two genotypes. Dry matter yield of “Tarzan” increased with higher sowing rate;the H level yield was 1298 g·m-2, and the yield was not adversely affected by the humidity and heat in the summer growing season, compared with “Roll-king II”. This suggests that “Tarzan” can adapt to the humid, hot climate in southern Kyushu, and the optimum sowing rate of “Tarzan” should be as low as 1.0 - 1.5 g·m-2, which is less than one-fifth to one-third that of forage sudangrass grown in the region.

Tillage and Irrigation Requirements of Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i>L.) at Hamelmalo, Anseba Region of Eritrea

Most Eritrean farmers do not adopt soil conservation measures and till even sloppy fields 2 - 4 times for planting sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) with a view to facilitate rainwater intake. Field experiments were conducted at Hamelmalo to optimize tillage and irrigation requirements of sorghum in loamy sand. Tillage treatments were conventional tillage (4 times) on existing slopes (CTf), conventional tillage on managed plots (terraced) with residue (CTm + R) and without residue (CTm &#45 R), reduced tillage (single tillage 4 days after heavy rainfall) on managed plots with residue (RTm + R) and without residue (RTm &#45 R) and no tillage (direct planting) on managed plots with residue (NTm + R) and without residue (NTm &#45 R) randomized in four replications. Tillage in CTm and CTf was same. Experiment was repeated in year II along with a new experiment in split plot design with same tillage treatments in main plots and 4 irrigation treatments in subplots in 3 replications. Irrigation treatments were rainfed (I0), 70 mm irrigation at 50% depletion of soil moisture in CTm &#45 R from 1 m profile after end of monsoon (I1), 70 mm irrigation 7 days after irrigation in I1 (I2), and 70 mm irrigation 7 days after irrigation in I2 (I3). Bulk density increased and infiltration rates decreased by harvesting due to tillage but changes were lower in residue plots of NT and RT than CT. Optimum soil moisture for emergence of sorghum was within 0.145 ± 0.002 m3 m-3 at which soil strength was well below critical level for root growth. Soil strength in tilled layer due to intermittent wetting and drying following planting exceeded 2000 k Pa when dried below 0.143 m3 m-3 moisture. Soil profile in CTf did not recharge by rainfall even by end of the rainy season, whereas it was fully wetted in level and terraced plots. Conservation measures resulted 80 - 150 mm of residual moisture per 2 m of soil profile at sorghum harvesting. Residual moisture was relatively more in residue and irrigated plots than in nonresidue and CTf plots. Soil bunding and levelling alone raised sorghum yields in RT + R to 2887 kg ha-1 under rainfed and 3980 kg ha-1 under 70 mm irrigation 21 days after last rainfall of the season (I1). Corresponding yields in CTf were 501 kg ha-1 under rainfed and 1161 kg ha-1 under irrigation. Single preplanting tillage 4 days after heavy rainfall (RT) was as good as 2 - 4 tillage (CT) practiced by farmers. Sorghum yields in Hamelmalo could be about 2752 kg ha-1 by water use of 344 mm and 4009 kg ha-1 by 432 mm. Water use in CTf was lowest (208 mm) under rainfed.

Farmer Participatory Evaluation of Sorghum Hybrid in Niger

Participatory varietal selection (PVS) with farmers and Seed Companies was conducted at Maradi research station (07°05'E/13°48'N) and in farmer field to evaluate and select sorghum hybrid varieties for high yield and other important agronomic traits. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications where flowering (days), plant height (cm) and yield (kg) were collected. The analysis of variance showed highly significance among treatments of all traits measured Environment and Genotype by Environment interactions also contributed significantly to the performance of yield components. The highest average grain yield was recorded from hybrids P9511A x ST9007-5-2-1 (4289 kg/ha), NE223A x 90SN1 (3666 kg/ha), NE223A x Sepon 82 (3533 kg/ha) and NE223A x P9405 (3519 kg/ha) across locations. Farmers’ preferences were the panicle size, good seed set, earliness, and seed color. Hence, in a variety selection farmer’s preferences focus more on prioritized yield-related trait. The best varieties ranked by traits of interest were P9511A x ST9007-5-2-1, NE223A x 90SN1, NE223A x P9405 and P9511A x SEPON 82 that performed well under their circumstances. The results showed that farmers’ preferred varieties match with researchers. Therefore, based on objectively measured traits, farmers’ preferences and the agro ecologies of the site, varieties NE223A x 90SN1 and P9511A x ST9007-5-2-1 were found promising for production.

通江地区7个高粱属品种的生产性能及营养价值评价

试验旨在筛选适宜通江地区种植的高粱属牧草品种,采用大田试验,对引进的7个优质品种的产草量、农艺性状和营养成分进行测定和评价。结果显示,7个品种在通江地区均能够正常生长,农艺性状、产草量及营养成分在各品种间均存在差异。蜀草1号株高最高,分蘖数最多;绿巨人茎粗、叶片数及叶宽极显著高于除阿尔托901外的其他品种(P<0.01);海牛叶长最长,节间长最短,茎叶比最小。阿尔托901的总鲜草产量最高,蜀草1号和绿巨人次之。绿巨人的干物质、可溶性糖含量和相对饲用价值最高,粗纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量最低;蜀草1号的粗纤维含量较低,粗脂肪和磷含量最高;海牛的粗蛋白和粗灰分含量最高。综合评价发现,绿巨人平均隶属函数值最高,蜀草1号次之。研究表明,绿巨人和蜀草1号较适宜在通江地区栽培种植。

辽甜系列高粱杂交种的选育与应用

辽宁省农业科学院高粱研究所2005—2023年18年间共选育出21个甜高粱杂交种,其中11个为A_(1)细胞质型,4个A_(2)细胞质型,5个A_(3)细胞质型,1个9E细胞质型,细胞质类型丰富。在A_(1)、A_(2)、A_(3)、9E细胞质高糖不育系的创制方面有所突破,消除了高粱在遗传上的单一性和脆弱性,创制高糖资源和高糖亲本系,选育合理株型,A_(3)型细胞质的应用扩大了能源甜高粱种质资源的利用范围。选育的A_(1)、A_(2)和9E细胞质为粮秆兼用型品种,其茎秆产量、含糖量及籽粒产量协同提高,A_(3)型细胞质杂交种茎秆含糖量提高3~5个百分点,表现为不结籽粒,解决了甜高粱倒伏问题,规避了生产风险。辽甜1号和辽甜3号甜高粱杂交种已大面积推广应用,在生物质能源产业的发展中发挥重要的作用,促进农业结构调整,提高农民收入,具有十分广阔的开发应用前景。

Evaluation of Sweet Sorghum as a Feedstock by Multiple Harvests for Sustainable Bioenergy Production

Sweet sorghum has become an important feedstock for bioethanol production. Total sugar yield and multiple harvests can directly affect ethanol production cost. Little is known about stem traits and multiple harvests that contribute to sugar yield in sweet sorghum. Stem traits were evaluated from 25 sweet and grain sorghum accessions. Stems were harvested twice at the soft-dough stage and the stems were pressed with a hydraulic press. Sugars in the stem juice were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. Sweet sorghum produced five times more fresh stem weight and dry stem mass (830 gand164 g) than grain sorghum (150 gand27g). Sweet sorghum produced a much higher volume of juice and higher yield of sugars (366 ml and42 g) per stem than grain sorghum (70 ml and4 g). Significant variability in fresh stem weight (72 - 1837 g), juice volume (31 - 753 ml), sugar yield (3 - 81 g), dry stem mass (14 - 383 g), and sugar yield/dry stem mass ratio (0.11 - 0.53) per stem was detected among sweet sorghum accessions. Stem sugar yield was significantly correlated with stem fresh weight and juice volume. Sorghum was harvested twice within one growing season resulting in some sweet sorghum accessions producing double amount of sugars. Sweet sorghum produced three times more dry mass weight (bagasse) than fermentable sugar weight. To reduce feedstock cost, methods have to be developed for efficiently utilizing bagasse. Our results showed high fresh stem weight, high ratio of sugar yield to dry stem mass, and double harvests are prime traits to boost sugar yield. Sweet sorghum may be suitable for multiple harvests in certain regions of theU.S.TheU.S.sweet sorghum collection needs to be screened for acces- sions that can be harvested twice with an extended feedstock-production season and used as a feedstock for sustainable and renewable bioenergy production.

高产、优质、多抗酿造用糯高粱杂交种辽糯22选育及栽培技术

糯高粱杂交种辽糯22(LA34×LNR8)是辽宁省农业科学院高粱研究所于2018年以自选不育系LA34为母本,自选恢复系LNR8为父本,于2018年春季在海南组配而成LA34×LNR8杂交组合。2018~2019年连续2年在所内进行了产量和抗性鉴定,表现优异,2020~2021年参加全国高粱品种区域试验,平均产量587.8 kg/667m^(2)。2023年12月通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记。该品种熟期适中、农艺性状好、糯性遗传稳定,是一个高产、优质、多抗的酿造用糯高粱杂交种。

种植模式与密度互作对高粱冠层结构及生产潜能的影响

以辽宁省农业科学院高粱研究所选育品种辽糯22为材料,设置等行距种植与宽窄行种植两种种植模式,97 500株/hm2、10 500株/hm2、11 250株/hm2、12 000株/hm2等4个种植密度,测定分析农艺性状、冠层结构特征、干物质积累、产量及产量构成因素等指标。结果表明,提高种植密度增加了籽粒产量,降低了单穗粒重和千粒重,增加了高粱株高,降低了茎粗、穗长、茎叶夹角和叶片垂直率,与等行距种植相比,宽窄行种植模式叶片空间分布更合理,干物质积累和产量具有明显优势。

宽窄行种植对高粱光合特性、产量和品质的影响

以辽粘3号为试验材料,在宽窄行种植条件下(宽行60 cm、窄行40 cm),设置3个种植密度105000株/hm^(2)(WL),112500株/hm^(2)(WM),120000株/hm^(2)(WH),等行距种植(50 cm,种植密度120000株/hm^(2))为CK,研究不同种植密度条件下宽窄行种植对高粱光合特性、农艺特性、产量和品质的影响。结果表明,不同处理叶片SPAD值综合得分和光合特性综合得分顺序为WL>WM>WH>CK。不同处理的株高、穗长、穗粒重和千粒重存在差异(P<0.05),其中WL处理的株高最高、穗长最长、穗粒重和千粒重最大。WL处理的产量与其他处理差异显著(P<0.05),两年平均产量8444.96 kg/hm^(2)。与CK相比,宽窄行种植可明显提高籽粒的单宁含量、淀粉含量和脂肪含量,但对蛋白质含量的影响较弱,WL、WM和WH处理的各品质指标差异不显著。相较于等行距种植,宽窄行种植可改善高粱叶片的光合性能,影响农艺性状和产量,在种植密度105000株/hm+2的条件下,辽粘3号宽窄行种植可在关中西部地区获得较大的产量优势。

不同品种甜高粱在广东种植的饲用价值研究

研究旨在筛选适宜在广东种植且饲用价值较高的甜高粱品种,对比分析了甜高粱大力士、绿巨人、德胜、B6及高丹草的农艺性状与营养价值。结果显示,参试的5个品种干物质产量范围为4.28~20.35 t/hm^(2),其中B6干物质产量最高。B6的粗蛋白产量为1.14 t/hm^(2),显著高于其他品种(P<0.05)。高丹草的相对饲用价值为90.64,显著高于其余品种(P<0.05)。B6的水溶性碳水化合物含量较高,为16.17%DM,无氮浸出物含量最高。研究表明,综合考虑农艺性状、营养成分、糖分组成等,B6更适合在广东种植。