EFFECT OF THE COMPOSITION OF m-CRESOL/H_2O SOLVENT ON HYDRODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF NYLON 6

The intrinsic viscosity [η], Huggins constant （Ku）, [η]0, α^3 and flow activation energy values of nylon 6 have been measured in wateηm-cresol （0/100-20/80） systems at different temperatures （20-60℃）. It has been found that the intrinsic viscosity, [η]0 and α^3 increase with the increase in water contents in m-cresol up to 15% and then decrease. They increase with the increase in temperature irrespective of solvent composition. It has been noted that the percent increase of α^3 is the highest at 60℃ and the lowest at 20℃ for a particular solvent system. The intrinsic viscosity data obey Arrhenius equation over the considered conditions. The activation energy and the KH values decrease very sharply with the addition of water, giving a minimum value at 15% of water and then increase slowly. The variation of all the parameters has been explained in terms of variation in thermodynamic quality of solvent with the addition of water to m-cresol and change in temperature, resulting in the change of conformational and orientational properties of polymer molecules. This change of solvent quality also results in variation of selective sorption of solvent over the polymer, such as hydrogen bonding, etc.

Selective sorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate on molecularly imprinted polymer adsorbents

Perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS),as a potential persistent organic pollutant,has been widely detected in water environments,and has become a great concern in recent years.PFOS is very stable and difficult to decompose using conventional techniques.Sorption may be an attractive method to remove it from water.In this study,the molecularly imprinted polymer(MIP)adsorbents were prepared through the polymerization of 4-vinylpyridine under different preparation conditions in order to remove perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)from water.The MIP adsorbents using perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)as the template had good imprinting effects and could selectively remove PFOS from aqueous solution.The sorption behaviors including sorption kinetics,isotherms,and effect of pH,salt,and competitive anions were investigated.Experimental results showed that the sorption of PFOS on the MIP adsorbents was very fast,pHdependent,and highly selective.The achieved fast sorption equilibrium within 1 h was attributed to the surface sorption on the fine adsorbents.The sorption isotherms showed that the sorption selectivity of PFOS on the MIP adsorbents decreased at high PFOS concentrations,which may be due to the double-layer sorption and the formation of PFOS micelles on the sorbent surface.The sorption of PFOS on the MIP adsorbents was mainly dominated by the electrostatic interaction between the protonated vinylpyridine on the adsorbent surface and the anionic PFOS.The prepared MIP adsorbents can potentially be applied in water and wastewater treatment for selective removal of PFOS.

Removal of perfluorinated surfactants from wastewater by adsorption and ion exchange--Influence of material properties,sorption mechanism and modeling

Perfluorooctane sulfonate（PFOS） has attracted increasing concern in recent years due to its world-wide distribution, persistence, bioaccumulation and potential toxicity. The influence of sorbent properties on the adsorptive elimination of PFOS from wastewater by activated carbons, polymer adsorbents and anion exchange resins was investigated with regard to their isotherms and kinetics. The batch and column tests were combined with physicochemical characterization methods, e.g., N2 physisorption, mercury porosimetry, infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, titrations, as well as modeling. Sorption kinetics was successfully modelled applying the linear driving force（LDF） approach for surface diffusion after introducing a load dependency of the mass transfer coefficient βs.The big difference in the initial mass transfer coefficient βs,0, when non-functionalized adsorbents and ion-exchange resins are compared, suggests that the presence of functional groups impedes the intraparticle mass transport. The more functional groups a resin possesses and the longer the alkyl moieties are the bigger is the decrease in sorption rate.But the selectivity for PFOS sorption is increasing when the character of the functional groups becomes more hydrophobic. Accordingly, ion exchange and hydrophobic interaction were found to be involved in the sorption processes on resins, while PFOS is only physisorptively bound to activated carbons and polymer adsorbents. In agreement with the different adsorption mechanisms, resins possess higher total sorption capacities than adsorbents. Hence, the latter ones are rendered more effective in PFOS elimination at concentrations in the low μg/L range, due to a less pronounced convex curvature of the sorption isotherm in this concentration range.

Selective sorptive removal of Methyl Red from individual and binary component solutions by mesoporous organosilicas of MCM-41 type

Organosilicas with chemically immobilized 3-aminopropyl and Methyl Red-containing surface groups were prepared by sol-gel condensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate and(3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane in the presence of dye as part of the mixed micelles or dyecontaining silane as silica source.The hexagonally arranged mesoporous structure of synthesized materials was confirmed by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption,xray diffraction,and TEM studies.Chemical composition of MCM-41-type organosilicas was established by FT-IR spectroscopy and chemical analysis of surface layer.Sorption of Methyl Red by organosilicas was studied from diluted phosphate buffer solutions in dependence of medium p H,duration of contact,and equilibrium concentration of dye.It was found that effective removal of Methyl Red takes place at p H values within a range of 2.5-5.Kinetic curves of Methyl Red sorption on organosilicas were analyzed by the Lagergren,Ho-McKey,and Weber-Morris kinetic models.It was found that the pseudo-second-order model fits the kinetics of Methyl Red sorption on all synthesized materials and the intraparticle diffusion is not the only one mechanism controlling the rate of Methyl Red sorptive removal.The parameters of equilibrium sorption of Methyl Red on organosilicas of MCM-41 type were calculated using Langmuir,Freundlich,Redlich-Peterson,and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller models.Sorption of acid dyes with geometry similar or substantially different from Methyl Red on mesoporous silicas was studied from single and binary component mixtures in aqueous solutions with p H 4.8 and 5.5.It was found that selective sorption process is highly dependent on the structural characteristics and protolytic state of silica surface as well as acid dye.