Determination of the Sound Absorption Capacity of Hydraulic Concrete Mixtures Added with Waste Tire Rubber

There are different types of pollutants that are harmful to the environment, including smog, chemicals that are dumped into rivers, scrap tires, etc. The latter have the particularity that it is not possible to recycle them to manufacture new tires. In the present work, hydraulic concrete plates added with waste tire rubber were manufactured to modify their sound absorption capacity. It was found that the rubber additions produce changes in the density of the material and in the sound absorption capacity. When the material is exposed to high-frequency sounds that correspond to high-pitched sounds, its absorption capacity increases. On the contrary, when the test frequency is low, that is, bass sounds, the sound absorption capacity decreases. The results obtained in this work suggest that the proposed mixtures are suitable for the possible manufacture of acoustic insulating shields.

Artificial neural network-based determination of denoised optical properties in double integrating spheres measurement

Accurate determination of the optical properties of biological tissues enables quantitative understanding of light propagation in these tissues for optical diagnosis and treatment applications.The absorption(μa)and scattering(μs)coe±cients of biological tissues are inversely analyzed from their diffuse re°ectance(R)and total transmittance(T),which are measured using a double integrating spheres(DIS)system.The inversion algorithms,for example,inverse adding doubling method and inverse Monte Carlo method,are sensitive to noise signals during the DIS measurements,resulting in reduced accuracy during determination.In this study,we propose an arti ficial neural network(ANN)to estimateμa andμs at a target wavelength from the R and T spectra measured via the DIS to reduce noise in the optical properties.Approximate models of the optical properties and Monte Carlo calculations that simulated the DIS measurements were used to generate spectral datasets comprisingμa,μs,R and T.Measurement noise signals were added to R and T,and the ANN model was then trained using the noise-added datasets.Numerical results showed that the trained ANN model reduced the effects of noise inμa andμs estimation.Experimental veri fication indicated noise-reduced estimation from the R and T values measured by the DIS with a small number of scans on average,resulting in measurement time reduction.The results demonstrated the noise robustness of the proposed ANN-based method for optical properties determination and will contribute to shorter DIS measurement times,thus reducing changes in the optical properties due to desiccation of the samples.

The noise spectral characteristics and noise reduction schemes of screw air-source heat pump:A case study

The screw air-source heat pump can cause incessant high noise levels during operation,which might hinder adoption of this energy-efficient heat pump.First,acoustic measurements and comparison testing were performed in this research.The measurements revealed that the compressor is the main noise source of the heat pump,and it shows a multipeak frequency distribution and a wide frequency spectrum under different work conditions,with multiple peaks at 63,250,and 1000 Hz.Then,a compressor sound insulation cover with broadband absorption was proposed,and it was experimentally proven that the insulation cover can reduce the maximum sound pressure level of one unit from 89.8 dBA to 79.1 dBA.Third,we proposed several noise reduction strategies and compared their noise reduction effects using computer simulation.The results showed that the noise problem can be effectively improved through the rational design of the sound barrier and the layout and opening options of heat pump.The distance between the sound barrier and heat pump and the sound attenuation due to diffraction ALa exhibit a U-shaped relation.For buildings of different heights,the optimal heights of noise barrier are proposed.The 5.5-meter is the optimal height of the sound barrier for single-story buildings.The conclusions can be applied to other building projects for heat pump noise reduction.

Numerical study of the rotor thickness noise reduction based on the concept of sound field cancellation

Numerical studies were performed to investigate the mechanism and potential of several active rotors for reducing low-frequency in-plane thickness noise generated by rotating blades.A numerical method coupling the blade element theory,prescribed wake model and Fowcs Williams-Hawkings(FW-H)equation was established for rotor noise prediction.It is indicated that the excitation force on the blade tip can generate anti-noise that to partly cancel the in-plane thickness noise with an appropriate actuation law.Results from the phase,frequency and amplitude sweeps show that the excitation force direction and actuation law are the crucial factors affecting the noise reduction,which determine the noise reduction area in the elevation and azimuth directions,respectively.The active trailing-flap rotor can generate the in-plane excitation force,but because of large lift-drag ratio the anti-noise is mainly from the vertical lift,which is caused by flap deflection similar to a variable camber airfoil.For the harmonic control rotor and active twist rotor,the excitation force is also attributed to the vertical blade lift.The vertical force can reduce the noise near the rotor plane,it will also cause the noise increase in most other areas.Finally,two new active rotors were proposed to generate the in-plane chordwise and spanwise excitation force.With the modified actuation law,the noise in most areas around the rotor was reduced,which improved the acoustic characteristics of rotor significantly.

Theoretical Calculation and Analysis of Muffler Based on Multilayer Sound Absorbing Material

The multilayer impedance composite sound absorption structure of the new muffler is proposed by combining the microporous plate structure with the resonant sound absorption structure of the porous material.Firstly,the acoustic impedance and acoustic absorption coefficient of the new muffler structure are calculated by acoustic electric analogy method,and then the noise attenuation is calculated.When the new muffler structure parameters change,the relationship among the noise frequency,the sound absorption coefficient and the noise attenuation is calculated by using MATLAB.Finally,the calculated results are compared with the experimental data to verify the correctness of the theoretical calculation.The variation of resonance peak,resonance frequency and attenuation band width of each structural parameter is analyzed by the relation curve.The conclusion shows that it is feasible to use multilayer sound absorbing materials as the body structure of the new muffler.And the influence relationship between the change of various parameters of the sound absorption structure with the sound absorption coefficient and noise attenuation is obtained.

Vibration and Sound Radiation of Cylindrical Shell Covered with a Skin Made of Micro Floating Raft Arrays Excited by Turbulence

To reduce the vibration and sound radiation of underwater cylindrical shells,a skin composed of micro floating raft arrays and a compliant wall is proposed in this paper.A vibroacoustic coupling model of a finite cylindrical shell covered with this skin for the case of turbulence excitation is established based on the shell theories of Donnell.The model is solved with the modal superposition method to investigate the effects of the structural parameters of micro floating raft elements on the performance of reducing vibration and sound radiation of the cylindrical shell of this skin.The results indicate that increasing the stiffness ratio,damping ratio,mass ratio,or decreasing the interval betweenmicro floating raft elements can improve the vibration and sound radiation reduction performance of this skin over the frequency range 0∼2000 Hz.Moreover,the mean quadratic velocity level and sound radiation power level of the finite cylindrical shell with this skin can be reduced by 12.00 dB and 9.65 dB respectively compared to the finite cylindrical shell with homogeneous viscoelastic coating in the frequency range from0∼2000Hz,implying a favorable performance of this skin for reducing the vibration and sound radiation of cylindrical shells.

Design of noise-reduction seats for high-speed trains

Noise-reduction seats have been successfully used in concert halls, theaters, and other places that reduce noise. In this study, a new noise-reduction seat design was proposed for high-speed trains, which have unique interior noise spectral characteristics. First, before the noisereduction seat models were fabricated, the parameters of high-performance sound-absorbing materials and perforated plates were selected by conducting a standing-wave tube test. The sound-absorption effects of the noisereduction seats and normal seats were investigated and compared in a reverberation chamber. Test results showed that, compared with normal seats, the noise-reduction seats obtained a significantly improved sound-absorption coefficient in the entire frequency band. Furthermore, the test results were used to establish a simulation model for calculation, and the simulation results proved that the noise-reduction seats substantially reduced the noise in an entire train car. Finally, the noise-reduction seats were fabricated and installed in a full train car of an actual highspeed train. The test results showed that, compared with the normal seats, the noise-reduction seats decreased the noise level at a standard point in the passenger car by 1.5 dB. Therefore, the noise-reduction seats are effective in noise reduction.

400 km/h高速铁路直立式声屏障降噪效果及安全性研究

开展400 km/h高速铁路噪声影响研究是践行“交通强国”战略的有力举措。为研究400 km/h高速铁路噪声特性及辐射源强,获取现有直立式声屏障在速度400 km/h条件下降噪效果及适应性,采用有限元模型进行仿真计算,模拟计算400 km/h高速铁路噪声源强并进行组成分析,对高速铁路通用的直立式声屏障降噪效果、耐久性、安全性等进行分析研究,对目前直立式声屏障适应性提出实施建议。研究表明:高速列车以速度400 km/h运行时,距离铁路外轨中心线25 m、轨上3.5 m处,桥梁段总声级为97.8 dB(A),路基段总声级为96.7 dB(A),气动噪声大于轮轨噪声;提出现有直立式声屏障在速度400 km/h条件下插入损失为2.7~8.9 dB(A);在安全方面,提出立柱底部螺栓养护年限;针对目前铁路直立式声屏障通用图适用性进行分析,提出结构安全优化建议。研究结果可指导400 km/h高速铁路噪声影响分析及直立式声屏障设计工作。

高声强双层穿孔结构的吸声计算

对高声强下不同的穿孔结构非线性声阻抗模型进行比较,分析入射声压对穿孔吸声结构声阻抗的影响,并提出双层穿孔结构的改进传递矩阵法。不同声阻抗模型的实验和计算结果表明,入射声压级小于140 dB时,Park模型和Maa模型的计算结果与实验数据吻合良好;入射声压级为140~150 dB时,Laly模型的计算结果更接近实验结果。对于高声强下的双层及多层穿孔结构,在所提出的改进传递矩阵法中,根据传递矩阵计算得到各层板表面声压级,每层穿孔的声阻抗根据声压级和穿孔参数进行计算,进而得到总声阻抗。结果表明,入射声压级为120~150 dB时,双层穿孔结构的改进传递矩阵法计算结果与实验数据吻合良好。

气垫船壁板隔声性能分析与测试研究

气垫船对于噪声传递路径控制中的隔声控制,除了常规的隔声性能应满足相应要求外,还应保证其抗爆抗冲击等性能。本文对气垫船舱壁的前端抗冲击壁板进行隔声性能进行计算分析与实验测试。基于统计能量分析方法,采用双声腔-单板模型模拟驻波管设备,计算并结合实验测试验证了单层均质钢板的隔声量。为进一步验证统计能量分析方法预测材料隔声量的正确性,利用驻波管进行构件隔声量的实验研究,实验测量与统计能量分析预测结果在630 Hz以下的中低频段吻合良好,高频段随着吻合效应的出现,误差增大。结果表明,采用的统计能量分析模拟计算方法有效,该类型隔声构件的平均隔声量为44 dB,可有效降低目标舱室的噪声。本文的研究结果对气垫船及相类似舰船的减振降噪提供了新的思路。

柴油机油底壳穿孔板隔声罩优化设计

以某型柴油机的油底壳作为研究对象,对其声振特性进行识别与分析,确定设计穿孔板隔声罩的共振频带范围。使用粒子群算法针对共振频率进行穿孔板参数的优化设计,再通过阻抗管试验确定小孔分布对吸声性能的影响,并对穿孔板隔声罩进行多目标形貌优化设计以避开共振及激励频率。目标柴油机上加装优化的油底壳穿孔板隔声罩后,整机总声压级降低0.5 d B,降噪效果较好。

地铁出入线扩散体型声屏障降噪效果研究

针对城市轨道交通地上线运营引起的噪声污染问题,以郑州地铁5号线中州大道车辆段出入线为工程实例,对加装声屏障前后的噪声进行现场测试,采用Virtual Lab软件对声屏障的降噪过程进行仿真模拟,仿真模拟与实测声压级随声源频率的变化曲线具有较好的吻合性,验证了声学仿真模型与计算方法的准确性。采用声压级插入损失表征声屏障的降噪效果,进一步研究三角尖劈型、QRD序列和PRD序列、微穿孔板-PRDⅠ型复合结构等类型声屏障的降噪效果。结果表明:尖劈角度对三角尖劈型声屏障降噪效果的影响较为显著;较高不规则度有利于提高PRD型声屏障对绕射声的扩散作用,降噪效果比QRD型声屏障更佳;PRDⅠ型声屏障的整体降噪效果略高于PRDⅡ型声屏障,适当降低扩散体设计频率、增加阶数和扩大槽宽均能提升PRDⅠ型声屏障的降噪效果;在微穿孔板-PRDⅠ型复合声屏障扩散体端部凹槽中添加微穿孔板共振吸音结构,能进一步提高扩散体端部结构的降噪增益,对改善地铁出入线噪声环境具有理想的应用前景。

油田通井机噪声危害分析与治理

目的针对油田通井机噪声危害的问题,寻求合理的解决方案。方法选择某油田油气井下作业单位的柴油驱动通井机作为研究对象,通过采取振动与噪声测试,分析TJL-12通井机主要噪声源和传播途径,对驾驶舱和发动机舱进行隔声和吸声,对调节阀处进行消声等设计和改造,降低噪声接触水平,使其低于国家职业接触限值要求,改善油气井下作业环境。结果噪声检测结果显示,通井机司钻接触噪声强度由95.2 dB(A)降至84.2 dB(A),低于85 dB(A)的噪声接触限值。结论噪声危害分析和综合治理方案可有效解决油田行业在修井作业时通井机噪声危害控制难题。

iZotope RX8在现场同期声后期处理中的应用

音频修复技术在现场同期声的后期制作中扮演着至关重要的角色。文章通过实际案例,深入探讨了iZotope RX8的主要功能,旨在分析和揭示其在现场同期声后期处理中的优势与应用效果。iZotope RX8是一款专业的音频修复工具,其卓越的性能使其在音频后期处理领域脱颖而出。该软件的主要功能包括噪声去除、混响修复、失真修复等,能够有效提升音频质量。

建筑给排水系统中减振降噪设计的优化及实施分析

为保证建筑给排水系统运行时的稳定性,降低给排水系统的噪声,文章对建筑给水泵房和排水系统中的减振降噪设计进行了深入探讨。首先,分析给水泵组和排水系统的噪声机理,指出给水泵组和排水系统在运行时产生的噪声来源及传播途径;其次,提出了给水泵机组和排水系统减振降噪的设计方案优化措施。为验证设计方案的有效性,以某住宅小区实际建筑为案例,对给水泵房及室内排水的减振降噪优化方案进行了实测分析。实测结果表明,优化方案可以有效降低给排水系统的噪声水平,具有较高的实践价值。

二维复杂弹性空腔的边光滑有限元建模及分析

在弹性空腔结构上敷设被动约束层阻尼(passive constraint layer damping, PCLD)可达到减振降噪的效果,针对这类复杂结构建立了二维复合弹性空腔的边光滑有限元耦合动力学模型。其中,PCLD结构采用两节点四自由度的PCLD梁单元,声场采用边光滑有限元模型。以二维全敷设复合矩形空腔模型为数值算例,以精细网格下的有限元法结果作为参考解,对比研究了在相同背景网格下,边光滑有限元法和有限元法的频响结果,发现前者更接近参考解,说明同样的计算成本下,边光滑有限元法具有更高的精确性,特别是在中频计算中。最后,分析了PCLD结构对某汽车驾驶舱的降噪效果,以及黏弹层和约束层厚度参数的影响规律,发现黏弹层厚度增大,可一定程度上降低空腔噪声,而约束层厚度增大,并不能在整个频段得到很好的降噪效果。

开孔泡沫铝无规则入射的吸声性能研究

通过混响室对不同厚度的开孔泡沫铝在不同背腔深度下的吸声性能进行测试,获得了不同厚度的泡沫铝板在不同腔深下的吸声系数。研究表明在频率低于630 Hz时,不同厚度泡沫铝板的吸声系数随着背腔深度的增加逐渐提高。在630~5 000 Hz频率范围内,当泡沫铝材料的厚度大于4 mm,背腔深度大于40 mm时,不同厚度泡沫铝板的吸声系数均大于0.6。计算了不同厚度的开孔泡沫铝材料在不同背腔条件下的降噪系数,为泡沫铝材料的实际工程应用提供参数选择。

直立插板式声屏障屏体板降噪性能优化

随着轨道交通的快速发展,其造成的噪声污染问题已引起了人们的广泛关注,运用声屏障去处理这类噪声污染问题是目前最行之有效的措施之一。文章以使用最广泛的直立插板式阻性声屏障屏体板为研究对象,基于多孔材料等效流体理论,建立了相关吸/隔声有限元模型,计算了前罩板不同开孔工况下声屏障的吸/隔声性能,对其吸/隔声性能进行了系统研究,并提出了一种在不改变原有声屏障结构的基础上设置空气背腔的优化方案,进一步分析了该优化措施对原有声屏障吸/隔声能力的提升效果。结果表明:在声源侧的开孔罩板开孔率为15%时,隔声量在频率小于1000 Hz时与无罩板相比无变化,在频率大于1000 Hz高于无声源侧罩板,普遍高1.5 dB左右,随着开孔率的增大,其隔声量优于无罩板的频率点逐渐向高频偏移,且优势逐渐减小;在保持开孔率不变的情况下,针对声屏障前罩板开较小孔径的孔洞更有利于提升声屏障的吸声性能;在多孔吸声材料后布置一定厚度的空气背腔,不仅能够在一定程度上提升其吸/隔声性能,而且也大量节省了声屏障的制造成本。

泡沫铝材料声学参数计算及其应用

泡沫铝材料曲折因子、热特征长度和黏性特征长度等声学参数对其吸声性能有重要影响。针对泡沫铝声学参数难以在实验室完成检测的问题,本文研究采用Johnson-Champoux-Allard多孔介质模型,运用全局最小二乘优化方法完成对泡沫铝材料的声学参数反求,通过与熔体发泡法制备的泡沫铝吸声性能实测值比较,验证所提方法的可行性;通过数值计算,进一步分析泡沫铝流阻率、黏性特征长度、热特征长度、曲折因子和孔隙率等声学参数与其吸声系数的关系。结果表明:增大流阻率、曲折因子和孔隙率均使泡沫铝吸声性能增强;热特征长度和黏性特征长度的改变对吸声系数影响较小;增大孔隙率,泡沫铝的吸声性能提升最为明显。研究成果可为泡沫铝的研发制备和实际工程应用提供借鉴和指导。

面向城市交通噪声控制的树种筛选与种植策略

植物降噪是一种减碳且低成本的降噪方式,可有效改善城市声环境。然而现存植物降噪影响因素与预测模型主要集中在植物群落层面,忽略了树种间差异在不同频率噪声控制过程中的重要作用,难以满足城市交通噪声有效防控的需求。基于此,该研究以植物树干为切入点,提出一种量化树干与树皮粗糙度的方法,针对交通噪声频谱特征系统测量13种树种的吸收作用,并模拟降噪效果。研究首先测得树干吸声系数的频谱特征,确定了树干主要吸声频率范围与交通噪声频率分布具备较好的一致性;其次,从树种视角分析视觉因素与测试获取因素两个层面对树干吸声效果有影响的主要因素;最后,通过模拟对比分析15 m宽植物带种植不同树种的降噪效果,发现相差∼0.9 dBA,证明了种植吸声系数高的树种对交通噪声控制的有效性。以期从树形、树干吸声效果、树种生长速度以及种植方式等方面,提出应对城市交通噪声污染的树种筛选依据与设计策略。