Building empirical equations is an effective way to link the acoustic and physical properties of sediments.These equations play an important role in the prediction of sediments sound speeds required in underwater acou...Building empirical equations is an effective way to link the acoustic and physical properties of sediments.These equations play an important role in the prediction of sediments sound speeds required in underwater acoustics.Although many empirical equations coupling acoustic and physical properties have been developed over the past few decades,further confirmation of their applicability by obtaining large amounts of data,especially for equations based on in situ acoustic measurement techniques,is required.A sediment acoustic survey in the South Yellow Sea from 2009 to 2010 revealed statistical relationships between the in situ sound speed and sediment physical properties.To improve the comparability of these relationships with existing empirical equations,the present study calculated the ratio of the in situ sediment sound speed to the bottom seawater sound speed,and established the relationships between the sound speed ratio and the mean grain size,density and porosity of the sediment.The sound speed of seawater at in situ measurement stations was calculated using a perennially averaged seawater sound speed map by an interpolation method.Moreover,empirical relations between the index of impedance and the sound speed and the physical properties were established.The results confirmed that the existing empirical equations between the in situ sound speed ratio and the density and porosity have general suitability for application.This study also considered that a multiple-parameter equation coupling the sound speed ratio to both the porosity and the mean grain size may be more useful for predicting the sound speed than an equation coupling the sound speed ratio to the mean grain size.展开更多
This paper presents an experimental investigation and a theoretical analysis of cavitation control by aeration and its compressible characteristics at the flow velocity V=20m/s-50m/s. Pressure waveforms with and witho...This paper presents an experimental investigation and a theoretical analysis of cavitation control by aeration and its compressible characteristics at the flow velocity V=20m/s-50m/s. Pressure waveforms with and without aeration in cavitation region were measured. The variation of compression ratio with air concentration was described, and the relation between the least air concentration to prevent cavitation erosion and flow velocity proposed based on our experimental study. The experimental results show that aeration remarkably increases the pressure in cavitation region, and the corresponding pressure wave exhibits a compression wave/shock wave. The pressure increase in cavitation region of high-velocity flow with aeration is due to the fact that the compression waves/shock wave after the flow is aerated. The compression ratio increases with air concentration rising. The relation between flow velocity and least air concentration to prevent cavitation erosion follows a semi-cubical parabola. Also, the speed of sound and Mach number of high-velocity aerated flow were analyzed.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 42076082,41706062 and 41676055the Director Fund of Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)under contract No.QNLM201713+1 种基金the Public Science and Technology Research Funds Projects of Ocean under contract No.201405032the Taishan Scholar Project Funding under contract No.tspd20161007。
文摘Building empirical equations is an effective way to link the acoustic and physical properties of sediments.These equations play an important role in the prediction of sediments sound speeds required in underwater acoustics.Although many empirical equations coupling acoustic and physical properties have been developed over the past few decades,further confirmation of their applicability by obtaining large amounts of data,especially for equations based on in situ acoustic measurement techniques,is required.A sediment acoustic survey in the South Yellow Sea from 2009 to 2010 revealed statistical relationships between the in situ sound speed and sediment physical properties.To improve the comparability of these relationships with existing empirical equations,the present study calculated the ratio of the in situ sediment sound speed to the bottom seawater sound speed,and established the relationships between the sound speed ratio and the mean grain size,density and porosity of the sediment.The sound speed of seawater at in situ measurement stations was calculated using a perennially averaged seawater sound speed map by an interpolation method.Moreover,empirical relations between the index of impedance and the sound speed and the physical properties were established.The results confirmed that the existing empirical equations between the in situ sound speed ratio and the density and porosity have general suitability for application.This study also considered that a multiple-parameter equation coupling the sound speed ratio to both the porosity and the mean grain size may be more useful for predicting the sound speed than an equation coupling the sound speed ratio to the mean grain size.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No: 50279048).
文摘This paper presents an experimental investigation and a theoretical analysis of cavitation control by aeration and its compressible characteristics at the flow velocity V=20m/s-50m/s. Pressure waveforms with and without aeration in cavitation region were measured. The variation of compression ratio with air concentration was described, and the relation between the least air concentration to prevent cavitation erosion and flow velocity proposed based on our experimental study. The experimental results show that aeration remarkably increases the pressure in cavitation region, and the corresponding pressure wave exhibits a compression wave/shock wave. The pressure increase in cavitation region of high-velocity flow with aeration is due to the fact that the compression waves/shock wave after the flow is aerated. The compression ratio increases with air concentration rising. The relation between flow velocity and least air concentration to prevent cavitation erosion follows a semi-cubical parabola. Also, the speed of sound and Mach number of high-velocity aerated flow were analyzed.
