Porous sound-absorbing materials were prepared from steel slag using waste expanded polystyrene（EPS） particles as pore former.The influences of the experimental conditions such as fly ash content,sintering temperatu...Porous sound-absorbing materials were prepared from steel slag using waste expanded polystyrene（EPS） particles as pore former.The influences of the experimental conditions such as fly ash content,sintering temperature,sintering time,and pore former addition on the performance of the porous sound-absorbing materials were investigated.The results show that the porosity of the specimens can reach above 50.0%;the compressive strength and average sound-adsorption coefficient of the sintered specimens are above 3.0 MPa and 0.47,respectively.The optimum preparation conditions for the steel slag porous sound-absorbing materials are as follows：mass fraction of fly ash 50%,waste EPS particles 3.6 g,sintering temperature 1100℃,and sintering time 7.5h,which are determined by considering the properties of the sound-absorbing materials,energy consumption and cost.展开更多
The influence of a polyvinyl chloride（PVC）-panel on the cooling load of a residential apartment in Mashad,Iran,is analyzed by the DeST-h software.And the summer natural ventilation of the residential apartment is in...The influence of a polyvinyl chloride（PVC）-panel on the cooling load of a residential apartment in Mashad,Iran,is analyzed by the DeST-h software.And the summer natural ventilation of the residential apartment is investigated to determine the wind speed into the apartment through the computational fluid dynamics software.The evaluation results of the indoor wind velocity show that most parts of the apartment are comfortable.The cooling load of the penthouse can be decreased about 10.5% or 6.5% when an air layer exists or does not exist between the ceiling and the PVC-panel,respectively,indicating that the existence of the air layer can decrease the cooling load.However,the effect of the increase in the air layer＇s thickness on the decrease in the cooling load is obvious.Adding a thin layer of air between the ceiling and the PVC-panel is a good step toward sustainable buildings.展开更多
In this paper ,the influence of ZnO and BaO contents on sintering and crystallization of decorative materi-al in the system of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2wwas studied. The opti-mum ZnO 9 BaO contents and sintering or crystallizati...In this paper ,the influence of ZnO and BaO contents on sintering and crystallization of decorative materi-al in the system of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2wwas studied. The opti-mum ZnO 9 BaO contents and sintering or crystallization tem-perature for the glass-ceramic were determined.展开更多
In this work,an acoustic topology optimizationmethod for structural surface design covered by porous materials is proposed.The analysis of acoustic problems is performed using the isogeometric boundary elementmethod.T...In this work,an acoustic topology optimizationmethod for structural surface design covered by porous materials is proposed.The analysis of acoustic problems is performed using the isogeometric boundary elementmethod.Taking the element density of porousmaterials as the design variable,the volume of porousmaterials as the constraint,and the minimum sound pressure or maximum scattered sound power as the design goal,the topology optimization is carried out by solid isotropic material with penalization(SIMP)method.To get a limpid 0–1 distribution,a smoothing Heaviside-like function is proposed.To obtain the gradient value of the objective function,a sensitivity analysis method based on the adjoint variable method(AVM)is proposed.To find the optimal solution,the optimization problems are solved by the method of moving asymptotes(MMA)based on gradient information.Numerical examples verify the effectiveness of the proposed topology optimization method in the optimization process of two-dimensional acoustic problems.Furthermore,the optimal distribution of sound-absorbingmaterials is highly frequency-dependent and usually needs to be performed within a frequency band.展开更多
In indoor design innovation, the material role can not be ignored. In indoor design, using non-conventional decoration materials can make space more personalized and charming. This is one of the material innovation mo...In indoor design innovation, the material role can not be ignored. In indoor design, using non-conventional decoration materials can make space more personalized and charming. This is one of the material innovation modes and also one of the indoor design innovation modes. The design method should obtain more attention.展开更多
The hole transport material (HTM) plays an extremely important role to determine the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and the stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we report an effective strategy to imp...The hole transport material (HTM) plays an extremely important role to determine the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and the stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we report an effective strategy to improve the performance of HTMs by introducing −CF_(3) groups via the rational decorative mode. Upon direct attachment or nonconjugated alkoxyl bridging of −CF_(3) groups on the terminal diphenylamines, the resulting molecular HTMs, i.e., 2,7-BCzA4CF_(3) and 2,7-BCzA4OCCF_(3), show distinct properties. Compared with 2,7-BCzA4CF_(3), the nonconjugated alkoxyl bridging −CF_(3) group-based 2,7-BCzA4OCCF_(3) exhibits better thermal stability, hydrophobicity, and a dramatically upgraded hole mobility by 135.7-fold of magnitude to 1.71 × 10^(−4) cm^(2) V^(−1) S^(−1). The PSCs with 2,7-BCzA4OCCF_(3) as HTM exhibit an PCE of up to 20.53% and excellent long-term stability, maintaining 92.57% of their performance for 30 days in air with humidity of 30% without encapsulation. This work provides beneficial guidelines for the design of new HTMs for efficient and stable PSCs.展开更多
With the growing global environmental awareness,the development of renewable and green materials has gained increased worldwide interest to substitute conventional materials and are favorable for sustainable economic ...With the growing global environmental awareness,the development of renewable and green materials has gained increased worldwide interest to substitute conventional materials and are favorable for sustainable economic development.This paper proposed a novel eco-friendly sound absorbing structure(NSAS)liner for noise reduction in elevator shafts.The base layer integrated with the shaft walls is a damping gypsum mortarboard,and a rock wool board and a perforated cement mortarboard are used to compose the NSAS.Based on the acoustic impedance theory of porous materials and perforated panels,the sound absorption theory of the NSAS was proposed;the parameter effects of the rock wool board(flow resistivity,porosity,structure factor)and perforated panel(perforated rates,thickness,density,perforated diameter)on NSAS absorption were discussed theoretically for absorption improvement,and experiments were also conducted.Numerical results showed that the perforation rate,the thickness of the perforated plate,and the porosity,flow resistance,and volume density of the rock wool board played a key issue in the absorption performances of the NSAS.Experiments verified the accuracy of the proposed theoretical model.Wideband sound absorption performance of the NSAS at frequencies between 500–1600 Hz was achieved in both numerical analysis and experiments,and the sound absorption coefficient was improved to 0.72 around 1000 Hz after parameter adjustments.The NSAS proposed in this paper can also be made of other renewable materials with preferable structure strength and still has the potential to broaden the absorption bandwidth.It can provide a reference for controlling the elevator shaft noise.展开更多
Despite the growing interest in green products in the interior wall decorative material market,knowledge gaps exist because determining which product is more environmental and user friendly than the others is difficul...Despite the growing interest in green products in the interior wall decorative material market,knowledge gaps exist because determining which product is more environmental and user friendly than the others is difficult.This work assesses the environmental and human health profiles of interior latex and wallpape匸Two interior latex products of different raw material ratios and one nonwoven wallpaper product are considered.The environmental impact assessment follows life cycle assessment(LCA)methodology and applies Building Environmental Performance Analysis System(BEPAS).The human health impact is based on impact-pathway chain and is performed using Building Health Impact Analysis System(BHIAS).The assessment scope,associated emissions,and territorial scope of various emissions are defined to facilitate comparison study of interior wall decorative products.The impacts are classified into 15 categories belonging to three safeguard areas:ecological environment,natural resources,and human health.The impacts of categories are calculated and monetized using willingness to pay(WTP)and disability-adjusted life year(DALY)and summarized as an integrated external cost of environmental and human health impacts.Assessment results reveal that the integrated impact of interior latex is lower than that of non-woven wallpaper,and the interior latex of low quality causes low life cycle integrated impact.The most impacted categories are global warming,respiratory effects,and water consumption.Hotspots of product manufacturing are recognized to promote green product design.展开更多
Polyvinylchloride(PVC)panel is one of the most favorite decorative materials that has been popularly applied as finishing of ceiling in residential buildings.It is about five years that the people incline to redecorat...Polyvinylchloride(PVC)panel is one of the most favorite decorative materials that has been popularly applied as finishing of ceiling in residential buildings.It is about five years that the people incline to redecorate the ceiling of old buildings with PVC panel in big cities of Iran,such as Mashad.In this study,the influence of ceiling PVC panel on the cooling and heating loads of studied apartment were determined by software DeST-h.In addition,the summer natural ventilation of the mentioned apartment is investigated by determining the wind speed into the apartment through the computational fluid dynamics(CFD)software.The evaluation of environment indoor wind velocity showed that most of the apartment space is a comfortable zone.The results of studied building analyses demonstrated that using PVC panel on the ceiling can decline the energy consumption of the penthouse(fifth level)of the investigated building,which is about 3.7%and 7%for studied methods of without and with air layer,respectively.In addition,although the existence of air layer can decline the cooling and heating loads,the increase in air layer thickness did not show significant decrease on building energy consumption.However,the PVC panel is expensive and is not suitable to be used for ceiling thermal insulation,but adding a thin layer of air between ceiling and PVC panel can be a good step toward sustainable building,when the people are inclined to utilize it as a decorative ceiling.展开更多
基金Project(2011AA06A105)supported by the National High-tech Research and Development Program of China
文摘Porous sound-absorbing materials were prepared from steel slag using waste expanded polystyrene（EPS） particles as pore former.The influences of the experimental conditions such as fly ash content,sintering temperature,sintering time,and pore former addition on the performance of the porous sound-absorbing materials were investigated.The results show that the porosity of the specimens can reach above 50.0%;the compressive strength and average sound-adsorption coefficient of the sintered specimens are above 3.0 MPa and 0.47,respectively.The optimum preparation conditions for the steel slag porous sound-absorbing materials are as follows：mass fraction of fly ash 50%,waste EPS particles 3.6 g,sintering temperature 1100℃,and sintering time 7.5h,which are determined by considering the properties of the sound-absorbing materials,energy consumption and cost.
基金The Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(No.111-2-13)the Project of the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science of South China University of Technology(No.200833)
文摘The influence of a polyvinyl chloride（PVC）-panel on the cooling load of a residential apartment in Mashad,Iran,is analyzed by the DeST-h software.And the summer natural ventilation of the residential apartment is investigated to determine the wind speed into the apartment through the computational fluid dynamics software.The evaluation results of the indoor wind velocity show that most parts of the apartment are comfortable.The cooling load of the penthouse can be decreased about 10.5% or 6.5% when an air layer exists or does not exist between the ceiling and the PVC-panel,respectively,indicating that the existence of the air layer can decrease the cooling load.However,the effect of the increase in the air layer＇s thickness on the decrease in the cooling load is obvious.Adding a thin layer of air between the ceiling and the PVC-panel is a good step toward sustainable buildings.
文摘In this paper ,the influence of ZnO and BaO contents on sintering and crystallization of decorative materi-al in the system of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2wwas studied. The opti-mum ZnO 9 BaO contents and sintering or crystallization tem-perature for the glass-ceramic were determined.
基金sponsored by Natural Science Foundation of Henan under Grant No.222300420498.
文摘In this work,an acoustic topology optimizationmethod for structural surface design covered by porous materials is proposed.The analysis of acoustic problems is performed using the isogeometric boundary elementmethod.Taking the element density of porousmaterials as the design variable,the volume of porousmaterials as the constraint,and the minimum sound pressure or maximum scattered sound power as the design goal,the topology optimization is carried out by solid isotropic material with penalization(SIMP)method.To get a limpid 0–1 distribution,a smoothing Heaviside-like function is proposed.To obtain the gradient value of the objective function,a sensitivity analysis method based on the adjoint variable method(AVM)is proposed.To find the optimal solution,the optimization problems are solved by the method of moving asymptotes(MMA)based on gradient information.Numerical examples verify the effectiveness of the proposed topology optimization method in the optimization process of two-dimensional acoustic problems.Furthermore,the optimal distribution of sound-absorbingmaterials is highly frequency-dependent and usually needs to be performed within a frequency band.
文摘In indoor design innovation, the material role can not be ignored. In indoor design, using non-conventional decoration materials can make space more personalized and charming. This is one of the material innovation modes and also one of the indoor design innovation modes. The design method should obtain more attention.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62074095)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK202002001).
文摘The hole transport material (HTM) plays an extremely important role to determine the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and the stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we report an effective strategy to improve the performance of HTMs by introducing −CF_(3) groups via the rational decorative mode. Upon direct attachment or nonconjugated alkoxyl bridging of −CF_(3) groups on the terminal diphenylamines, the resulting molecular HTMs, i.e., 2,7-BCzA4CF_(3) and 2,7-BCzA4OCCF_(3), show distinct properties. Compared with 2,7-BCzA4CF_(3), the nonconjugated alkoxyl bridging −CF_(3) group-based 2,7-BCzA4OCCF_(3) exhibits better thermal stability, hydrophobicity, and a dramatically upgraded hole mobility by 135.7-fold of magnitude to 1.71 × 10^(−4) cm^(2) V^(−1) S^(−1). The PSCs with 2,7-BCzA4OCCF_(3) as HTM exhibit an PCE of up to 20.53% and excellent long-term stability, maintaining 92.57% of their performance for 30 days in air with humidity of 30% without encapsulation. This work provides beneficial guidelines for the design of new HTMs for efficient and stable PSCs.
基金supported by Opening Foundation of Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area,Ministry of Education,China(LNTCCMA-20210104)This work was also supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51408113)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BK20140632).
文摘With the growing global environmental awareness,the development of renewable and green materials has gained increased worldwide interest to substitute conventional materials and are favorable for sustainable economic development.This paper proposed a novel eco-friendly sound absorbing structure(NSAS)liner for noise reduction in elevator shafts.The base layer integrated with the shaft walls is a damping gypsum mortarboard,and a rock wool board and a perforated cement mortarboard are used to compose the NSAS.Based on the acoustic impedance theory of porous materials and perforated panels,the sound absorption theory of the NSAS was proposed;the parameter effects of the rock wool board(flow resistivity,porosity,structure factor)and perforated panel(perforated rates,thickness,density,perforated diameter)on NSAS absorption were discussed theoretically for absorption improvement,and experiments were also conducted.Numerical results showed that the perforation rate,the thickness of the perforated plate,and the porosity,flow resistance,and volume density of the rock wool board played a key issue in the absorption performances of the NSAS.Experiments verified the accuracy of the proposed theoretical model.Wideband sound absorption performance of the NSAS at frequencies between 500–1600 Hz was achieved in both numerical analysis and experiments,and the sound absorption coefficient was improved to 0.72 around 1000 Hz after parameter adjustments.The NSAS proposed in this paper can also be made of other renewable materials with preferable structure strength and still has the potential to broaden the absorption bandwidth.It can provide a reference for controlling the elevator shaft noise.
文摘Despite the growing interest in green products in the interior wall decorative material market,knowledge gaps exist because determining which product is more environmental and user friendly than the others is difficult.This work assesses the environmental and human health profiles of interior latex and wallpape匸Two interior latex products of different raw material ratios and one nonwoven wallpaper product are considered.The environmental impact assessment follows life cycle assessment(LCA)methodology and applies Building Environmental Performance Analysis System(BEPAS).The human health impact is based on impact-pathway chain and is performed using Building Health Impact Analysis System(BHIAS).The assessment scope,associated emissions,and territorial scope of various emissions are defined to facilitate comparison study of interior wall decorative products.The impacts are classified into 15 categories belonging to three safeguard areas:ecological environment,natural resources,and human health.The impacts of categories are calculated and monetized using willingness to pay(WTP)and disability-adjusted life year(DALY)and summarized as an integrated external cost of environmental and human health impacts.Assessment results reveal that the integrated impact of interior latex is lower than that of non-woven wallpaper,and the interior latex of low quality causes low life cycle integrated impact.The most impacted categories are global warming,respiratory effects,and water consumption.Hotspots of product manufacturing are recognized to promote green product design.
基金funded by the 111 Project(No.111-2-13)and the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science,South China University of Technology,China(No.200833)。
文摘Polyvinylchloride(PVC)panel is one of the most favorite decorative materials that has been popularly applied as finishing of ceiling in residential buildings.It is about five years that the people incline to redecorate the ceiling of old buildings with PVC panel in big cities of Iran,such as Mashad.In this study,the influence of ceiling PVC panel on the cooling and heating loads of studied apartment were determined by software DeST-h.In addition,the summer natural ventilation of the mentioned apartment is investigated by determining the wind speed into the apartment through the computational fluid dynamics(CFD)software.The evaluation of environment indoor wind velocity showed that most of the apartment space is a comfortable zone.The results of studied building analyses demonstrated that using PVC panel on the ceiling can decline the energy consumption of the penthouse(fifth level)of the investigated building,which is about 3.7%and 7%for studied methods of without and with air layer,respectively.In addition,although the existence of air layer can decline the cooling and heating loads,the increase in air layer thickness did not show significant decrease on building energy consumption.However,the PVC panel is expensive and is not suitable to be used for ceiling thermal insulation,but adding a thin layer of air between ceiling and PVC panel can be a good step toward sustainable building,when the people are inclined to utilize it as a decorative ceiling.
