Size distribution,directional source contributions and pollution status of PM from Chengdu,China during a long-term sampling campaign

Long-term and synchronous monitoring of PMIo and PM2.s was conducted in Chengdu in China from 2007 to 2013. The levels, variations, compositions and size distributions were investigated. The sources were quantified by two-way and three-way receptor models （PMF2, ME2-2way and ME2-3way）, Consistent results were found： the primary source categories contributed 63.4% （PMF2）, 64.8% （ME2-2way） and 66.8% （ME2-Bway） to PMIo, and contributed 60.9% （PMF2）, 65.5% （ME2-2way） and 61.0% （ME2-3way） to PM2.s. Secondary sources contributed 31.8% （PMF2）, 32.9% （ME2-2way） and 31.7% （ME2-3way） to PMIo, and 35.0% （PMF2）, 33.8% （ME2-2way） and 36.0% （ME2-3way） to PM2.s. The size distribution of source categories was estimated better by the ME2-3way method. The three-way model can simultaneously consider chemical species, temporal variability and PM sizes, while a two-way model independently computes datasets of different sizes. A method called source directional apportionment （SDA） was employed to quantify the contributions from various directions for each source category. Crustal dust from east-north-east （ENE） contributed the highest to both PM^o （12.7%） and PMzs （9.7%） in Chengdu, followed by the crustal dust from south-east （SE） for PMao （9.8%） and secondary nitrate ＆ secondary organic carbon from ENE for PMzs （9.6%）. Source contributions from different directions are associated with meteorological conditions, source locations and emission patterns during the sampling period. These findings and methods provide useful tools to better understand PM pollution status and tn dovolon offoctive nolhltion control gtrateMeg.

南京北郊冬季大气粗细颗粒物中PAHs来源解析

为研究南京冬季大气颗粒物中PAHs来源情况,利用FA-3型气溶胶采样器从2007年11月20日到12月30日在南京郊区分昼夜采集气溶胶样品,并用GC-MS对16种优控PAHs浓度进行定量分析,采用PCA法对其来源进行解析.结果表明,南京冬季细颗粒物中PAHs浓度明显高于粗颗粒物中PAHs浓度,单种类PAH浓度表现出昼夜差异,日间低分子量PAHs含量高于夜间,而夜间高分子量PAHs浓度则相对较高;主成分分析对PAHs源解析结果表明,南京北郊大气颗粒物中PAHs主要来源为机动车尾气、燃煤源、焦化源、天然气燃烧和烹调源等,粗细颗粒物中PAHs排放源差异明显,细颗粒物部分表现出明显的昼夜差异,同时,外来源和不确定源占有较大比重.

菏泽市PM2.5源方向解析研究

为了定量解析环境受体中不同方向PM_(2.5)的源贡献水平,利用"源方向解析"(source directional apportionment,SDA)法[综合PMF(positive matrix factorization,正定矩阵因子)方法和后向轨迹模型]对京津冀大气污染传输通道上某典型城市——菏泽市环境受体中PM_(2.5)进行来源解析,并分析不同方向的源贡献.结果表明,菏泽市环境受体中ρ(PM_(2.5))变化范围为42.73~191.72μg/m^3,平均值为92.54μg/m^3.SO_4^(2-)、NO_3^-和NH_4^+是菏泽市环境受体中PM_(2.5)的主要化学组分;ρ(SO_4^(2-))、ρ(NO_3^-)和ρ(NH_4^+)的平均值分别为29.78、22.11和7.91μg/m^3,三者之和占ρ(PM2.5)的63.54%.PMF的计算结果显示,二次无机盐、机动车排放、扬尘、煤烟尘和建筑水泥尘是菏泽市环境受体中PM_(2.5)的贡献源类,分担率分别为32.61%、22.60%、19.54%、16.25%和9.00%.利用后向轨迹模型识别出PM_(2.5)贡献源类的4个潜在方向,分别为东南、正西、西北和正东.二次无机盐在4个方向的贡献分别为8.49%、5.01%、6.65%和12.88%;机动车排放分别为1.39%、4.44%、7.47%和8.22%;扬尘分别为4.95%、3.65%、4.12%和6.92%;煤烟尘分别为4.56%、1.93%、2.16%和7.28%;建筑水泥尘分别为2.22%、1.88%、1.27%和3.56%.研究显示,菏泽市PM2.5污染较为严重,其中二次源、机动车和扬尘源是其主要贡献源类,并且来自菏泽市东部的各源类贡献均较高.

质谱直接测量法解析盐城市大气细颗粒物来源

为全面了解盐城市大气颗粒物的组成,摸清以PM2.5为首要污染物的来源,说清其化学组分和源贡献率,于2014年12月16日00:00—2014年12月21日09:00,利用在线单颗粒气溶胶质谱仪,对盐城市细颗粒物进行实时在线源解析。结果表明,盐城首要污染物为燃煤,占比为23.7%,其次是机动车尾气,占比为18.3%,第三位是扬尘,占总颗粒数的15.7%,生物质燃烧占比为14.8%位列第四,工业工艺源、二次无机源和其他源贡献率相对较小。