Thermal and maturation history for Carboniferous source rocks in the Junggar Basin, Northwest China: implications for hydrocarbon exploration

The reconstruction of thermal history is an important component of basin evolution and hydrocarbon exploration.Based on vitrinite reflectance data,we integrate the paleo-temperature gradient and paleo-heat flow methods to reconstruct the thermal history of Junggar Basin.Compared with present thermal state,the Junggar Basin experienced much a higher heat flow of ca.80–120 mW/m2 during the Carboniferous.This feature can be attributed to large-scale volcanic events and related thermal effects.The hydrocarbon maturation history of Carboniferous source rocks indicates that the temperature rapidly reached the threshold of hydrocarbon generation during the Late Carboniferous and has never achieved such a high level since then.This characteristic resulted in the early maturation of hydrocarbons in Carboniferous source rocks.Meanwhile,the results reveal that hydrocarbon maturities are different among various tectonic units in Junggar Basin.The kerogen either rapidly broke through the dry gas period so that cracking of gas occurred or remained in the oil maturation window forming oil reservoirs,which depended on the tectonic background and depositional environment.In this study,we present the thermal and hydrocarbon maturation history since the Carboniferous,which has important implications for further hydrocarbon exploration in Junggar Basin.

Source Rock Potential and Organic Geochemistry of Carboniferous Source Rocks in Santanghu Basin, NW China

Carboniferous source rocks identified by drilling in Santanghu （三塘湖） Basin were evaluated for their source potential, employing organic geochemistry and RockEval pyrolysis. The organic matter origin and depositional environment of these samples were also determined through biomarker analysis. Most of the Carboniferous source rocks in Santanghu Basin are characterised by high values of total organic carbon （TOC） content and high extractable organic matter content and hydrocarbon yields, indicating that they are organicrich source rocks with high oil generative potential. The organic matter is predominantly Type I and Type II kerogen with a minor contribution of Type III kerogen, as demonstrated by its pyrolysis parameters and carbon isotope values. According to Ro （%） and T max values, most of the studied samples are at earlyto middle-thermal mature stage; only a few of the samples are at a highly mature stage （past peak oil generation）. The biomarker analysis reveals a dominance of algal/bacterial organic matter input, with a minor contribution of land plant material. Pr/Ph ratio supports a suboxic depositional condition, consistent with a neritic or marine-continental alternating environment proposed by predecessor.

Benthic macro red alga:A new possible bio-precursor of Jurassic mudstone source rocks in the northern Qaidam Basin,northwestern China

Whether benthic macroalga can be an important type of bio-precursor of source rocks is a contentious issue in source-rock studies,and has not been well understood.This paper represents a case study of Jurassic mudstone source rocks from the northern Qaidam Basin,northwestern China,in which the benthic macro red algae were recognized for the first time based on combined organic petrological and biomarker works.We found not only cystocarps in the algae,representative of rhodophyta,but also diahopanes,which are diagnostic biomarkers of such algae.Thus,as many reservoired oils in the northern Qaidam Basin contain abundant diahopanes,it may indicate that the red algae have contributed to hydrocarbon accumulation.This was confirmed by integrated geological and geochemical analyses.Hence,this study provides new evidence for macroalga-generated hydrocarbons.

Stable carbon isotope compositions of isoprenoid chromans in Cenozoic saline lacustrine source rocks from the Western Qaidam Basin,NW China:Source implications

Although the distribution of mono-,di-and trimethylated 2-methyl-2-(4,8,12-Trimethyltrideeyl) chromans(MTTCs) is well understood as an indicator of water salinity,their origin and formation mechanism are still ambiguous and under debate.In this paper,abnormally high levels of MTTCs were detected in Cenozoic saline lacustrine source rocks from the Western Qaidam Basin.Using a two-step column chromatography method,the MTTCs and naphthalenes were separated from other aromatic compounds and concentrated in one fraction,so that the stable carbon isotope compositions of these compounds could be accurately measured.Similar carbon isotope ratios for the mono-,di-and trimethylated 2-methyl-2-(4,8,12-Trimethyltrideeyl) chromans in a given sample suggest the MTTCs may share the same biological source(s).The MTTCs from the Western Qaidam Basin have similar carbon isotope compositions to primary producer-derived pristane and phytane.However,the ? 13C values for the MTTCs showed significant differences with other primary producers-derived biomarkers(e.g.C27 and C29 steranes),probably indicating a distinct microalgae source from specific niches for the MTTC compounds.We speculate that the MTTCs distribution patterns may be controlled by the water chemistry dynamics in niches,which,in turn,is affected by hypersaline bottom water.

Hydrocarbon Generation Evolution of Permo-Carboniferous Rocks of the Bohai Bay Basin in China

The Bohai Bay Basin is a Mesozoic subsidence and Cenozoic rift basin in the North China Craton. Since the deposition of the Permo-Carboniferous hydrocarbon source rock, the basin has undergone many tectonic events. The source rocks have undergone non-uniform uplift, twisting, deep burying, and magmatism and that led to an interrupted or stepwise during the evolution of hydrocarbon source rocks. We have investigated the Permo-Carboniferous hydrocarbon source rocks history of burying, heating, and hydrocarbon generation, not only on the basis of tectonic disturbance and deeply buried but also with new studies on apatite fission track analysis, fluid inclusion measurements, and the application of the numerical simulation of EASY % Ro. The heating temperature of the source rocks continued to rise from the Indosinian to Himalayan stage and reached a maximum at the Late Himalayan. This led to the stepwise increases during organic maturation and multiple stages of hydrocarbon generation. The study delineated the tectonic stages, the intensity of hydrocarbon generation and spatial and temporal distribution of hydrocarbon generations. The hydrocarbon generation occurred during the Indosinian, Yanshanian, and particularly Late Himalayan. The hydrocarbon generation during the late Himalayan stage is the most important one for the Permo-Carboniferous source rocks of the Bohai Bay Basin in China.

Petrologic and geochemical characteristics of high-quality saline lacustrine source rocks in western Qaidam Basin

The main oil source in western Qaidam Basin is the Paleogene saline lacustrine source rocks.Traditionally,it was considered that these source rocks were characterized by low abundance and poor type of organic matter as well as limited oil generation potential,but this poor source rock condition was very inconsistent with good hydrocarbon exploration results.A previous study has just confirmed that this area develops high-quality source rocks,which is of great significance for recognizing potential of hydrocarbon resource and consolidating confidence to search large and medium-sized oil and gas fields in western Qaidam Basin.Based on fine geochemical analysis of source rocks,petrology,element geochemistry and organic geochemistry are applied to discuss development conditions of high-quality source rocks in this area.The results showed that the saline lacustrine sediments in western Qaidam Basin were deposited in relatively shallow and quiet water with relatively high salinity and low nutrient content;influenced by the drought and cold climate,the terrigenous supply of fresh water was limited,and few aquatic organisms were developed.Good preservation condition is favorable for rapid preservation of oil generating biomass(such as aquatic organisms),to form source rocks rich in hydrogen element with high soluble organic matter content;but relatively lower paleo-productivity makes organic matter abundance lower than that in the eastern saline lacustrine basins.The semi-deep lake,with relatively low salinity and abundant nutrients,is the most favorable are for development of high-quality source rocks;the source rocks have large thickness in the sedimentary depression areas,but due to high water salinity and far away from the provenance area,the water stratification was obvious,so it have moderate to high organic matter abundance.

Geological characteristics,evaluation criteria and discovery significance of Paleogene Yingxiongling shale oil in Qaidam Basin,NW China

Major breakthroughs of shale oil exploration have been made recently in the upper member of Paleogene Lower Ganchaigou Formation of Yingxiongling area, Qaidam Basin. However, the low total organic carbon content of saline-lacustrine source rock, and unclear genetic mechanism, evaluation criteria and resources potential of the shale oil have restricted the exploration and evaluation of Yingxiongling shale oil. Through analysis of large amounts of cores, well drilling, seismic, laboratory test data and integrated study, focusing on the shale and mixed types of shale oil reservoirs characterized by high-frequency interbedded organic-rich laminated shale and limy dolomite, it is concluded that the shale oil in the upper member of Lower Ganchaigou Formation in the Yingxiongling area have six geological characteristics:(1) two-stage hydrocarbon generation of hydrogen-rich source rock and large amount of retained oil;(2) multiple types of reservoir space and good reservoir properties;(3)source-reservoir integration, thick “sweet spot” and high oil-bearing grade;(4) high pressure coefficient between and under salt layers, and sufficient formation energy;(5) high content of light components, high gas-oil ratio, and good quality of the crude oil;(6) high content of brittle minerals and good fracability. The evaluation criterion of shale oil is preliminarily established based on the eight parameters: total organic carbon content, maturity, effective porosity, oil saturation, brittle mineral content,pressure coefficient, lamellation density, and burial depth. Combined with parameters of E32 source rock thickness, area, vertical distribution of oil layers, and free hydrocarbon content, the shale oil resources have been preliminarily estimated as 21×10^(8) t.The structurally stable area is the predominant objective of shale oil exploration and the favorable exploration area for Yingxiongling shale oil is nearly 800 km^(2).

鄂尔多斯盆地含铝岩系天然气成藏主控因素与勘探启示

基于野外露头、岩心、录井、测井、试气及分析化验等资料,采用天然气成藏与铝土岩成矿一体化研究方法,分析鄂尔多斯盆地含铝岩系有效储层发育控制因素、煤系烃源岩与含铝岩系的源储配置关系,构建天然气成藏模式,对煤下含铝岩系天然气勘探潜力进行评价。研究表明:(1)鄂尔多斯盆地含铝岩系的有效储层主要为一水硬铝石含量超过75%,具有多孔状残余豆鲕、碎屑结构的蜂窝状铝土岩,溶蚀孔为主要储集空间;(2)铝土岩储层形成模式为夷平化作用提供含铝岩系发育的物质基础、岩溶古地貌控制含铝岩系发育、陆表淋滤作用改善储集性能;(3)晚石炭世—早二叠世,受湿热气候环境和海平面变化控制,古陆或古岛边缘的相对低洼带发育典型的煤-铝-铁三段式地层结构;(4)煤系烃源岩广覆式生烃,天然气在煤下含铝岩系储层富集,为源下成藏;(5)中国华北陆块的上石炭统—下二叠统含铝岩系气藏呈透镜状点群式聚集,勘探潜力大,有望成为华北克拉通上古生界重要的天然气勘探新领域。

准噶尔盆地盆1井西凹陷石炭系火山岩凝析气藏的发现与勘探启示

准噶尔盆地石炭系火山岩油气藏是油气勘探的重点领域之一。根据录测井资料、地球化学分析数据及岩石薄片鉴定资料,结合地球物理方法,厘清了准噶尔盆地盆1井西凹陷石炭系火山岩油气成藏的主控因素,总结出深层火山岩气藏富集规律,明确了有利勘探方向。研究结果表明:(1)准噶尔盆地盆1井西凹陷风城组烃源岩厚度为100~300 m,面积约为5 400 km2,整体进入生凝析油—干气阶段,生气强度大于20×108m3/km2,为凹陷提供了丰富的天然气源。(2)研究区石炭系火山岩岩性复杂,爆发作用形成的安山质火山角砾岩受到风化淋滤作用,可形成物性较好的风化壳型储层。石炭系—二叠系大型不整合面和广泛发育的深大断裂是重要的输导体系,二叠系上乌尔禾组泥岩作为区域盖层,为凝析气成藏提供了保存条件,油藏主要分布在高部位,气藏分布于低部位。(3)通过“两宽一高”(宽方位、宽频带、高密度)技术,提高地震成像精度,联合时-频电磁技术(TFEM),实现了石炭系火山岩的精细刻画,为深层油气藏的勘探提供了有力支撑。石西16井的重大突破,证实了盆1井西凹陷石炭系火山岩具有巨大的勘探潜力。

准噶尔盆地东北缘石炭系烃源岩生烃演化特征及其石油地质意义

准噶尔盆地东北缘石炭纪沟弧盆环境发育多种类型的烃源岩,为落实主力烃源岩高效供烃区,指导该区油气勘探,基于钻井、露头烃源岩样品有机地球化学及生烃热模拟实验等测试数据,地质—地化相结合,对不同类型烃源岩生烃机制、生烃潜力、生烃演化过程及供烃特征进行了研究。研究区石炭系主要发育泥岩、凝灰质泥岩和碳质泥岩3种类型的烃源岩;不同类型的烃源岩生烃母质构成、生烃活化能分布不同,其生烃潜力及生烃演化模式存在明显差异,即泥岩相对低成熟演化阶段快速生烃,凝灰质泥岩持续缓慢生烃,碳质泥岩相对高成熟演化阶段快速生烃;后期构造改造、沉积充填及地温场演化联合控制了烃源岩生烃热演化过程及供烃特征。依据烃源岩生烃与油气散失时空耦合,划分出高效生烃—低散失—高效供烃、高效生烃—较高散失—较高效供烃、较高效生烃—低散失—较高效供烃、较高效生烃—高散失—低效供烃、低效生烃—高散失—低效供烃和低效生烃—低散失—低效供烃6种供烃模式。石北、滴水泉等凹陷属较高效生烃—低散失—较高效供烃单元,具备形成大中型油气田的物质基础,为最有利的勘探区。

渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷石炭系-二叠系煤系烃源岩生烃特征研究

近年来,渤海湾盆地探明数个石炭系-二叠系煤系烃源岩供烃的凝析油气藏,展现出可观的勘探潜力。针对研究区烃源岩生烃特征认识不清、勘探方向不明的问题,亟需重新认识煤系烃源岩的供烃能力。为此,以渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷为研究对象,通过岩心、测井、录井、试油等多元数据统计,基于盆地内构造单元沉积充填特征差异分析,运用盆地数值模拟技术建立沉积单元评价模型,开展黄骅凹陷煤系烃源岩不同岩层的空间展布、生烃潜力与生烃特征综合分析,明确了渤海湾盆地石炭系-二叠系煤系烃源岩生烃模式,并预测了研究区潜山油气有利聚集带。结果表明:黄骅坳陷石炭系-二叠系煤系烃源岩以煤岩为标志层,发育泥岩、炭质泥岩与煤岩3种生烃岩性,其中,泥岩厚度大,连续性强,生烃潜力大;生烃模拟表明,一次生烃以泥岩生油为主,二次生烃以多种烃源岩混合生油生气为主;发育早期沉降型、晚期沉降型与持续沉降型3类生烃模式,持续沉降型与晚期沉降型生烃区对潜山原地油气聚集最为有利。研究成果可为研究区煤系烃源岩供烃的油气成藏理论研究与勘探部署提供技术支撑。

柴达木盆地英雄岭地区古近系油气成藏过程及其演化特征

通过构造演化特征研究,结合烃类包裹体分析和典型油气藏精细解剖,阐述了柴达木盆地英雄岭地区古近系下干柴沟组上段油气藏的形成和演化过程。研究结果表明:(1)英雄岭地区古近系下干柴沟组上段形成于半咸化—咸化湖泊—盐湖环境,发育以纹层状灰云岩为储集层、富含有机质、广覆式分布的源储一体型油气藏;(2)研究区下干柴沟组上段共经历3期油气充注,第Ⅰ期烃类包裹体为单一液相油包裹体,反映了早期低熟原油的运移和充注;第Ⅱ期烃类包裹体为单一液相油包裹体,反映了一幕中等成熟原油的运移和充注;第Ⅲ期烃类包裹体为气液两相油包裹体,反映了一幕高成熟原油的充注。(3)研究区油气具有3期成藏的特征:上干柴沟组沉积中晚期,在下干柴沟组上段形成了低饱和度-低熟油藏;上油砂山组沉积期,低熟—成熟油气向盐间储集层和高渗带聚集形成了油气高产区;狮子沟组—七个泉组沉积期,成熟—高熟油通过双层断裂接力输导运移至干柴沟组上段及以上地层运聚形成构造油气藏。

柴达木盆地英雄岭页岩纹层结构特征及石油地质意义

柴达木盆地英雄岭构造带干柴沟地区下干柴沟组上段(E32)Ⅳ—Ⅵ油组发育一套咸化湖相页岩,碳酸盐矿物含量高,纹层发育。该层系页岩油勘探取得了重大进展,纹层结构特征、沉积机理、有利岩相组合等急需深入研究。岩心描述、薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、X—射线衍射等分析结果表明:干柴沟地区页岩纹层结构可分为水体分层型纹层结构(Ⅰ型)、季节型纹层结构(Ⅱ型)、洪水阵发型纹层结构(Ⅲ型)3类,其中Ⅰ型纹层结构为典型纹层结构,相对占比为70%,由黏土质纹层与方解石纹层构成偶纹层,单纹层厚度为0.1~0.5mm,为咸水湖水体季节性分层条件下沉积的纹层结构。夏秋季水体分层,上层水体有利于微生物繁衍;冬春季水体分层消失,有利于有机质沉积和保存,同时,Ⅰ型纹层结构沉积速率慢,有利于有机质富集,TOC平均为1.33%。Ⅱ型纹层结构相对占比为20%,由黏土质纹层与粉砂质纹层组成,单纹层厚度为0.5~1mm,沉积与陆源输入物的季节性变化有关,沉积速率快,TOC平均为0.47%。Ⅲ型纹层结构相对占比为10%,由黏土质纹层与粉砂质纹层组成,单纹层厚度为0.5~2mm,发育微冲刷面、透镜状粉砂脉等,反映沉积时具有一定水动力条件,非静水沉积,与重力流、湖流相关,沉积速率快,TOC平均为0.27%。干柴沟地区页岩主要分布于半深湖区,沉积单旋回自下而上为泥岩→页岩→泥质白云岩→白云岩,期间偶发砂质重力流沉积。Ⅰ型纹层结构页岩沉积序列上与白云岩叠置分布,白云岩孔隙度平均为9.8%,微观尺度上形成良好的源储组合,有利于页岩油成藏,为干柴沟地区页岩油有利岩相组合;宏观尺度上该套页岩层系TOC高,物性好,脆性矿物含量高,是柴达木盆地页岩油勘探开发的理想层系。Ⅱ型纹层结构页岩、Ⅲ型纹层结构页岩生烃能力差,对油气成藏贡献小。

柴北缘尕丘凹陷大煤沟组烃源岩特征及有利勘探目标分析

为明确柴达木盆地北缘尕丘凹陷烃源岩生烃潜力和有效性,选取尕丘凹陷及周边地区典型烃源岩和原油样品,进行岩石热解峰温、总有机碳质量分数、干酪根镜检类型指数和饱和烃色谱—质谱等分析测试,开展烃源岩地球化学评价和油源对比,分析烃源岩展布和埋藏热演化史、油气源、运聚及保存等条件,明确有利勘探目标区。结果表明:尕丘凹陷发育有机质丰度为优质等级、有机质类型以Ⅱ1型为主的烃源岩;烃源岩总面积为750 km^(2),厚度为50~400 m;尕丘凹陷北部洼陷主体烃源岩埋藏经历两次抬升,目前处于低成熟—成熟阶段,以生油为主,烃源岩生成的原油在马北、绿梁山、圆丘等构造和地区聚集成藏;北部洼陷近洼地区发育的背斜、断背斜等构造圈闭为研究区有利勘探目标。该结果为尕丘凹陷进一步勘探提供依据。

柴达木盆地东部上石炭统海陆过渡相烃源岩生烃特征:来自天然气地球化学的证据

推进柴达木盆地东部(以下简称柴东地区)上石炭统油气勘探进程亟待明确其烃类地球化学特征、赋存状态及其生成过程。为此,通过天然气组分与碳同位素测试,探讨了柴东地区欧南凹陷2口关键井上石炭统天然气的成因与来源,在此基础上厘清了上石炭统海陆过渡相烃源岩生烃过程及烃类赋存状态。研究结果表明:①上石炭统天然气中烃类气平均含量为94.51%,非烃气平均含量为5.49%,干燥系数介于0.28~1.00,干气为主,湿气仅发育于上石炭统浅层,深层天然气干燥系数较高;②浅层气甲烷碳同位素明显偏轻,乙烷碳同位素和二氧化碳碳同位素分布范围大,低碳烷烃以腐泥型干酪根初次热解为主,早期产出的液态烃经微生物降解形成生物甲烷,高碳烷烃与原油裂解作用密切相关,腐殖型干酪根初步热解的煤成气多以吸附态形式赋存;③深层低碳烷烃为裂解反应较充分的原油裂解气混入部分煤型游离气,高碳烷烃可能与腐泥型干酪根二次活化裂解有关;④天然气中二氧化碳不仅存在干酪根热降解有机成因类型,也发育碳酸盐矿物化学反应释放的无机成因类型。结论认为,上石炭统烃源岩混合了海洋、陆地两种环境来源的生物有机质,海相腐泥型有机质因热化学活化能低而优先进入生烃门限生成液态烃及伴生油型湿气,原油裂解和陆相腐殖型干酪根生气在高成熟阶段逐步启动,在过成熟阶段2种生气机制的作用愈发突显,残余腐泥型干酪根也因高温条件发生二次活化裂解并生成少量高碳烷烃。

鄂尔多斯盆地马家沟组烃源岩受石炭系充填影响的研究

鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组是下古生界重要的勘探领域,蕴含丰富的天然气资源,但奥陶系烃源岩影响因素的研究却相对较少,尤其是奥陶系溶蚀孔洞中石炭系充填的影响前人基本尚未研究,这些充填的泥岩会对奥陶系烃源岩的客观评价造成极大影响。基于烃源岩野外露头、岩心、测井曲线及地球化学参数等资料,对奥陶系溶蚀孔洞中充填的石炭系泥岩进行了地质、测井和地球化学综合分析,并在奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩烃源岩评价中提出了一种剔除石炭系充填影响的方法。研究表明:奥陶系风化壳及其邻近层段的烃源岩溶蚀孔洞中明显充填石炭系泥岩,在野外露头、岩心上表现为溶洞、裂缝中充填石炭系泥岩,测井曲线上表现为明显的高尖峰状自然伽马值;充填的石炭系泥岩干酪根碳同位素明显偏重,饱和烃分子组成表现为明显的后峰优势,与石炭系煤系烃源岩特征一致,而奥陶系自生泥岩干酪根碳同位素明显偏轻,饱和烃分子组成表现为前峰优势特征。根据单井泥岩发育特征和有机地化参数分布特征,将石炭系充填影响范围确定为距离风化壳顶面之下约100 m,并根据有机碳含量与深度关系对石炭系充填影响的有机碳数值进行校正。该认识提示对奥陶系烃源岩,尤其是对靠近风化壳的奥陶系烃源岩地质与地球化学特征评价时一定要扣除石炭系泥岩充填的影响。

柴达木盆地干柴沟地区下干柴沟组上段烃源岩特征

为解决柴达木盆地干柴沟地区下干柴沟组上段(E32)烃源岩评价标准尚未建立、烃源岩研究程度偏低的问题,通过大量岩心化验分析进行有机岩石学、有机地球化学、正构烷烃及类异戊二烯烷烃为代表的生物标志化合物研究,对干柴沟地区下干柴沟组上段进行了烃源岩评价及母质沉积环境探讨。结果表明:依据烃源岩有机质类型、TOC、氯仿沥青“A”含量、游离烃S1指标可确定Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类烃源岩的评价标准;烃源岩有机质来源为藻类等低等水生浮游生物和微生物;有机质类型为Ⅱ1-Ⅰ型;烃源岩成熟度介于低成熟-成熟生烃阶段。该研究对确定下一步有利勘探目标具有一定的指导意义。

柴北缘侏罗系煤系烃源岩生烃贡献定量评价

通过对柴达木盆地北缘煤系泥岩、炭质泥岩和煤3种不同类型的煤系烃源岩中相同显微组分在生烃贡献差异中的研究发现,相同显微组分在不同烃源岩中的贡献不同,尤其是煤和炭质泥岩中,除了传统的“壳质组+腐泥组”外,基质镜质体对生烃也有着极大的贡献。将烃源岩油气地球化学基础参数与生烃组分之间建立数学关系,应用最小二乘法原理拟合之后发现其生烃潜量与计算生烃潜量之间存在极好的正相关。这表明该方法可以作为估算煤系烃源岩生烃潜量的一种方法。

柴北缘下侏罗统煤系不同岩性烃源岩显微组分组成及其生烃意义差异性探讨

煤系中常存在三种不同类型的烃源岩,即煤系泥岩、炭质泥岩和煤。由于沉积环境、有机质来源、有机质堆积方式及生物化学作用程度的差异,不同岩性烃源岩的显微组分组成和生烃潜力存在明显的差异性。对柴达木盆地北缘(柴北缘)下侏罗统煤系的对比研究表明,不同岩性烃源岩中显微组分、亚组分的组成普遍存在一定的差异性,同时生烃显微组分的化学组成和生烃潜力也存在明显的差异性。煤系泥岩中“壳质组+腐泥组”相对含量较高,壳质组组成以壳屑体为主,镜质组中镜屑体十分发育,有机质氢指数明显较低;煤和炭质泥岩中,壳质组相对含量低,但以完整形态的显微组分为主。镜质组中基质镜质体含量明显较高,壳屑体不发育,有机质的氢指数相对较高。煤系不同岩性烃源岩中显微组分、亚组分组成的差异及有机质生烃潜力的差异性,是沉积环境、有机质来源、堆积方式和生物化学作用阶段的细菌微生物的代谢作用强度和有机质的保存条件等的综合反映。柴北缘煤系不同岩性烃源岩中显微组分组成、亚组分组成的差异及生烃意义的差异可能具有普遍意义。细菌微生物的分解代谢和合成代谢作用不仅可以消耗、分解原始输入有机质、形成具有自身特点的再生有机质、消耗环境中的游离氧,同时也可降低原始有机质的丰度和富氢程度。煤系中壳屑体是壳质组前身通过细菌代谢作用的残余物。煤系中基质镜质体的生烃作用主要与细菌有机质形成的再生有机质有关,形成基质镜质体的腐殖凝胶体,为再生有机质保存提供了有利条件。

柴达木盆地石炭系油气资源调查评价进展

柴达木盆地是我国大型含油气盆地之一,已经发现的油气主要来自中新生界地层。作者通过近年来对柴达木盆地石炭系油气资源的调查研究,证实柴达木盆地内石炭系地层分布广泛,厚度大。石炭系分布范围达10万km2。厚度大于1000m的范围达5.71万km2。盆地石炭系发育良好的烃源岩,石炭系地层普遍发育厚层油砂,显示石炭系具有很好生烃能力和油气运移过程。石炭系构造变形主要发生在新近纪末,之前的构造变形较弱,有利于石炭系油气保存。初步评价柴达木盆地石炭系油气资源量为6.14×108～7.23×108t。显示柴达木盆地石炭系油气资源潜力很大,是油气资源战略突破的新领域。