Having studied the schedule of influence and change of static loading depending on angular an arrangement saw cylinders we have defined the general spent electric energy on the single-chamber two-cylinder gin, by perf...Having studied the schedule of influence and change of static loading depending on angular an arrangement saw cylinders we have defined the general spent electric energy on the single-chamber two-cylinder gin, by performing of the calculation the energy consumption per one saw with respect to the angular arrangement of the saw cylinder. Also, provide energy audits gin, were performed at Uzbekistan Namangan region cotton gins in ten manufactures.展开更多
We present a novel efficient approach in calculating induced transmembrane voltage(ITV) on cells based on transformation optics. As cell membrane is much thinner than the dimension of a typical cell, discretizing th...We present a novel efficient approach in calculating induced transmembrane voltage(ITV) on cells based on transformation optics. As cell membrane is much thinner than the dimension of a typical cell, discretizing the membrane needs numerous meshes. Using an anisotropic medium based on transformation optics, the thickness of the membrane can be exaggerated by at least one order, which eliminates rigorous mesh refinement and reduces unknowns greatly. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are verified by a cylindrical cell model. Moreover, the influence on ITV with bound water(BW) layers is also studied. The results show that when cells are exposed to nanosecond electric field, BW layers should be rigorously considered in calculating ITV.展开更多
The armature is an important part affecting the energy conversion efficiency of a reluctance accelerator.In this paper,six kinds of soft magnetic materials are chosen and four structures are designed for the armature....The armature is an important part affecting the energy conversion efficiency of a reluctance accelerator.In this paper,six kinds of soft magnetic materials are chosen and four structures are designed for the armature.At first,the circuit and magnetic force are theoretically analyzed.Then the armatures with different materials and structures are used in the simulation,and the performances are compared and analyzed.At last,the experiment verifies the theory analysis and simulation design.It is concluded that the saturation flux density and conductivity of the material are the key factors affecting the armature force,and the optimization of armature structure can effectively restrain the eddy current,reduce negative force and improve efficiency.Compared with cutting slits in solid armatures,laminating the sheets radially can reduce the eddy current more efficiently.Although slitting can prevent the eddy current to a certain extent,meanwhile,it will decrease the magnetic force because of the losing of magnetized volume and the surface area.Hence,choosing the high saturation flux density material and making out the armature with radially_laminated sheets will improve the efficiency of the reluctance accelerator.In this paper,the silicon steel radially_laminated armature is a better choice for the armature design of the reluctance accelerator.展开更多
Based on the principle of residual deformation induced by superposition of the welding residual stress and working stress, the welding heat source efficiency has been determined by measuring displacement changes of sp...Based on the principle of residual deformation induced by superposition of the welding residual stress and working stress, the welding heat source efficiency has been determined by measuring displacement changes of specimens under loading and unloading in tensile tests, and combining with calculating welding parameters. Meanwhile, the welding heat source eficiencies obtained are compared with those of the measuring-calculating method. The research results show that the welding heat source efficiencies are almost the same as those obtained by the measuring-calculating method. Therefore, the welding heat source efficiency can be determined accurately by this method, and a new determining method of the heat source efficiency for the welding heat process calculating has been provided.展开更多
Based on the analysis of the production composition of reservoirs developed by the second&tertiary recovery combination(STRC),the relationship between the overall output of the STRC project and the production leve...Based on the analysis of the production composition of reservoirs developed by the second&tertiary recovery combination(STRC),the relationship between the overall output of the STRC project and the production level during the blank water flooding stage is proposed.According to the basic principle of reservoir engineering that the“recovery factor is equal to sweeping coefficient multiplied by oil displacement efficiency”,the formula for calculating the ultimate oil recovery factor of chemical combination flooding reservoir was established.By dividing the reservoir into a series of grids according to differen-tial calculus thinking,the relationship between the ultimate recovery factor of a certain number of grids and the recovery de-gree of the reservoir was established,and then the variation law of oil production rate of the STRC reservoir was obtained.The concept of“oil rate enlargement factor of chemical combination flooding”was defined,and a production calculation method of reservoir developed by STRC was put forward based on practical oilfield development experience.The study shows that the oil production enhancing effect of STRC increases evenly with the in crease of the ratio of STRC displacement efficiency to water displacement efficiency,and increases rapidly with the increase of the ratio of recovery degree at flooding mode conversion to the water displacement efficiency.STRC is more effective in increasing oil production of reservoir with high recovery degree.Through practical tests of the alkali free binary flooding(polymer/surfactant)projects,the relative error of the oil production calculation method of STRC reservoir is about±10%,which meets the requirements of reservoir engineering.展开更多
电力现货市场优化出清模型的难点是考虑安全约束的机组组合(security constrained unit commitment,SCUC)模型。构建一个好的SCUC模型以提升求解速度是长期以来的研究热点。随着省电力系统规模的不断发展,以及国内省间电力现货市场的运...电力现货市场优化出清模型的难点是考虑安全约束的机组组合(security constrained unit commitment,SCUC)模型。构建一个好的SCUC模型以提升求解速度是长期以来的研究热点。随着省电力系统规模的不断发展,以及国内省间电力现货市场的运行,现货市场对于出清模型的求解效率需求更为突出。该文对机组组合模型的研究历程进行详细综述,总结提出机组运行出力约束、出力上限约束、爬坡约束强化建模的机组运行模型;基于图论在线性最优潮流计算中的应用,构建输电网的环流潮流计算模型并引入SCUC模型,最终构建了一套可进一步提升求解效率的电力现货市场出清模型。最后通过多个大规模算例的计算分析表明,所提模型在保证不损失求解精度的同时,可有效提升求解效率,且对于阻塞频发的电力系统,优越性更为明显。展开更多
Chlorine has been widely used in different advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)for micropollutants removal.In this study,different chlorine-based AOPs,namely medium pressure(MP)UV/chlorine,low pressure(LP)UV/chlorine,an...Chlorine has been widely used in different advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)for micropollutants removal.In this study,different chlorine-based AOPs,namely medium pressure(MP)UV/chlorine,low pressure(LP)UV/chlorine,and in-situ chlorination,were compared for carbamazepine(CBZ)removal efficiency,energy consumption,and disinfection by-products(DBPs)formation.All three processes could achieve nearly 100%CBZ removal,while the reaction time needed by in-situ chlorination was double the time required by UV/chlorine processes.The energy consumed per magnitude of CBZ removed(EE/O)of MP UV/chlorine was 13 times higher than that of LP UV/chlorine,and relative to that of in-situ chlorination process.Accordingly,MP and LP UV/chlorine processes generated one to two orders of magnitude more hydroxyl radicals(^(·)OH)and reactive chlorine species(RCS)than in-situ chlorination.Besides,RCS were the dominant reactive species,contributing to 78.3%,75.6%,and 71.6% of CBZ removal in MP,LP UV/chlorine,and in-situ chlorination,respectively.According to the Gibbs free energy barriers between CBZ and RCS/^(·)OH calculated based on density functional theory(DFT),RCS had more reaction routes with CBZ and showed lower energy barrier in the main CBZ degradation pathways like epoxidation and formation of iminostilbene.When applied to secondary wastewater effluent,UV/chlorine and in-situ chlorination produced overall DBPs ranging from 104.77 to 135.41μg/L.However,the production of chlorate during UV/chlorine processes was 15 times higher than that during in-situ chlorination.展开更多
文摘Having studied the schedule of influence and change of static loading depending on angular an arrangement saw cylinders we have defined the general spent electric energy on the single-chamber two-cylinder gin, by performing of the calculation the energy consumption per one saw with respect to the angular arrangement of the saw cylinder. Also, provide energy audits gin, were performed at Uzbekistan Namangan region cotton gins in ten manufactures.
基金Project supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2013CB328900 and 2013CB328905)
文摘We present a novel efficient approach in calculating induced transmembrane voltage(ITV) on cells based on transformation optics. As cell membrane is much thinner than the dimension of a typical cell, discretizing the membrane needs numerous meshes. Using an anisotropic medium based on transformation optics, the thickness of the membrane can be exaggerated by at least one order, which eliminates rigorous mesh refinement and reduces unknowns greatly. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are verified by a cylindrical cell model. Moreover, the influence on ITV with bound water(BW) layers is also studied. The results show that when cells are exposed to nanosecond electric field, BW layers should be rigorously considered in calculating ITV.
基金supported in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China[grant number 2682020GF03]in part by the Foundation of Key Laboratory of Magnetic Suspension Technology and Maglev Vehicle,Ministry of Education,China.
文摘The armature is an important part affecting the energy conversion efficiency of a reluctance accelerator.In this paper,six kinds of soft magnetic materials are chosen and four structures are designed for the armature.At first,the circuit and magnetic force are theoretically analyzed.Then the armatures with different materials and structures are used in the simulation,and the performances are compared and analyzed.At last,the experiment verifies the theory analysis and simulation design.It is concluded that the saturation flux density and conductivity of the material are the key factors affecting the armature force,and the optimization of armature structure can effectively restrain the eddy current,reduce negative force and improve efficiency.Compared with cutting slits in solid armatures,laminating the sheets radially can reduce the eddy current more efficiently.Although slitting can prevent the eddy current to a certain extent,meanwhile,it will decrease the magnetic force because of the losing of magnetized volume and the surface area.Hence,choosing the high saturation flux density material and making out the armature with radially_laminated sheets will improve the efficiency of the reluctance accelerator.In this paper,the silicon steel radially_laminated armature is a better choice for the armature design of the reluctance accelerator.
文摘Based on the principle of residual deformation induced by superposition of the welding residual stress and working stress, the welding heat source efficiency has been determined by measuring displacement changes of specimens under loading and unloading in tensile tests, and combining with calculating welding parameters. Meanwhile, the welding heat source eficiencies obtained are compared with those of the measuring-calculating method. The research results show that the welding heat source efficiencies are almost the same as those obtained by the measuring-calculating method. Therefore, the welding heat source efficiency can be determined accurately by this method, and a new determining method of the heat source efficiency for the welding heat process calculating has been provided.
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China (2016ZX05010).
文摘Based on the analysis of the production composition of reservoirs developed by the second&tertiary recovery combination(STRC),the relationship between the overall output of the STRC project and the production level during the blank water flooding stage is proposed.According to the basic principle of reservoir engineering that the“recovery factor is equal to sweeping coefficient multiplied by oil displacement efficiency”,the formula for calculating the ultimate oil recovery factor of chemical combination flooding reservoir was established.By dividing the reservoir into a series of grids according to differen-tial calculus thinking,the relationship between the ultimate recovery factor of a certain number of grids and the recovery de-gree of the reservoir was established,and then the variation law of oil production rate of the STRC reservoir was obtained.The concept of“oil rate enlargement factor of chemical combination flooding”was defined,and a production calculation method of reservoir developed by STRC was put forward based on practical oilfield development experience.The study shows that the oil production enhancing effect of STRC increases evenly with the in crease of the ratio of STRC displacement efficiency to water displacement efficiency,and increases rapidly with the increase of the ratio of recovery degree at flooding mode conversion to the water displacement efficiency.STRC is more effective in increasing oil production of reservoir with high recovery degree.Through practical tests of the alkali free binary flooding(polymer/surfactant)projects,the relative error of the oil production calculation method of STRC reservoir is about±10%,which meets the requirements of reservoir engineering.
文摘电力现货市场优化出清模型的难点是考虑安全约束的机组组合(security constrained unit commitment,SCUC)模型。构建一个好的SCUC模型以提升求解速度是长期以来的研究热点。随着省电力系统规模的不断发展,以及国内省间电力现货市场的运行,现货市场对于出清模型的求解效率需求更为突出。该文对机组组合模型的研究历程进行详细综述,总结提出机组运行出力约束、出力上限约束、爬坡约束强化建模的机组运行模型;基于图论在线性最优潮流计算中的应用,构建输电网的环流潮流计算模型并引入SCUC模型,最终构建了一套可进一步提升求解效率的电力现货市场出清模型。最后通过多个大规模算例的计算分析表明,所提模型在保证不损失求解精度的同时,可有效提升求解效率,且对于阻塞频发的电力系统,优越性更为明显。
基金financial supports provided by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)Collaborative Research and Development(CRD)program and an NSERC Discovery grantfinancial supports provided by EPCOR Water Services,Canada Foundation for Innovation(CFI)John R.Evans Leaders Fund+2 种基金financial support provided by the China Scholarship Council(No.201906420017)Xuzhou Science and Technology Bureau(No.KC20055)Jiangsu Provincial Department of Science and Technology(No.BE2021632)。
文摘Chlorine has been widely used in different advanced oxidation processes(AOPs)for micropollutants removal.In this study,different chlorine-based AOPs,namely medium pressure(MP)UV/chlorine,low pressure(LP)UV/chlorine,and in-situ chlorination,were compared for carbamazepine(CBZ)removal efficiency,energy consumption,and disinfection by-products(DBPs)formation.All three processes could achieve nearly 100%CBZ removal,while the reaction time needed by in-situ chlorination was double the time required by UV/chlorine processes.The energy consumed per magnitude of CBZ removed(EE/O)of MP UV/chlorine was 13 times higher than that of LP UV/chlorine,and relative to that of in-situ chlorination process.Accordingly,MP and LP UV/chlorine processes generated one to two orders of magnitude more hydroxyl radicals(^(·)OH)and reactive chlorine species(RCS)than in-situ chlorination.Besides,RCS were the dominant reactive species,contributing to 78.3%,75.6%,and 71.6% of CBZ removal in MP,LP UV/chlorine,and in-situ chlorination,respectively.According to the Gibbs free energy barriers between CBZ and RCS/^(·)OH calculated based on density functional theory(DFT),RCS had more reaction routes with CBZ and showed lower energy barrier in the main CBZ degradation pathways like epoxidation and formation of iminostilbene.When applied to secondary wastewater effluent,UV/chlorine and in-situ chlorination produced overall DBPs ranging from 104.77 to 135.41μg/L.However,the production of chlorate during UV/chlorine processes was 15 times higher than that during in-situ chlorination.