Analysis of the Digital Skill Gap of Agricultural Extension Personnel in South-East, Nigeria

The study analysed the digital skill gap of agricultural extension personnel on the use of digital technologies for extension services delivery in South-East, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to describe the socioeconomic characteristics of agricultural extension personnel in South-East Nigeria and identify the digital skill gaps among agricultural extension personnel in the area of study. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 364 Agricultural Extension personnel for the study. Data were collected through the use of structured questionnaire and were analysed using simple descriptive statistical tools such as percentages, mean score, and standard deviation. Findings indicated that most of the personnel were male (57.8%), within the age bracket of 38 - 47 years (62.9%), had B.Sc./HND as their highest educational qualification (74.7%), married (86.3%), and had a household size of 6 - 10 Persons (57.7%). It was further revealed that the majority (70.1%) were members of professional organization, earned a monthly income of N50,001.00 - N100,000.00 (65.7%), had a work experience of 11 - 15 years (51.1%), and owned a smartphone/ iPad/laptop (91.5%). Findings further indicated that they had moderate skill gap in Basic Computer skills (Mean = 4.32), and digital communication and collaboration skills (Mean = 4.26). Findings also showed that they had a high skill gap in digital technical skills (Mean = 2.46), digital data analysis skills (Mean = 2.09), digital content creation skills (Mean = 2.43), digital ethical skills (Mean = 2.79), multimedia production skills (Mean = 2.81), and video library management skills (Mean = 2.39). The study concluded that though there exists a high digital skill gap among agricultural extension personnel in South-East, Nigeria, their socioeconomic characteristics are capable of supporting the implementation of digital extension services in the area. The study recommended that the management of Agricultural Development Programs in South-East, Nigeria, should provide digital training for extension personnel to close the digital skill gap that currently exists among the personnel.

Epidemiology of hepatitis E in South-East Europe in the "One Health" concept

The significance of hepatitis E virus(HEV)as an important public health problem is rising.Until a decade ago,cases of HEV infection in Eur-ope were mainly confined to returning travelers,but nowadays,hepatitis E represents an emerging zoonotic infection in many European countries.The aim of this manuscript is to perform a systematic review of the published literature on hepatitis E distribution in humans,animals and environmental samples("One Health"concept)in the South-Eastern European countries.Comparison of the available data showed that the anti-HEV seroprevalence in the South-Eastern Europe varies greatly,depending on the population studied,geographical area and methods used.The IgG seroprevalence rates in different population groups were found to be 1.1%-24.5%in Croatia,up to 20.9%in Bulgaria,5.9-%17.1%in Romania,15%in Serbia,up to 9.7%in Greece and 2%-9.7%in Albania.Among possible risk factors,older age was the most significant predictor for HEV seropositivity in most studies.Higher seroprevalence rates were found in animals.HEV IgG antibodies in domestic pigs were detected in 20%-54.5%,29.2%-50%,38.94%-50%and 31.1%-91.7%in Serbia,Bulgaria,Romania and Croatia,respectively.In wild boars seroprevalence rates were up to 10.3%,30.3%and 31.1%in Romania,Slovenia and Croatia,respectively.A high HEV RNA prevalence in wild boars in some countries(Croatia and Romania)indicated that wild boars may have a key role in the HEV epidemiology.There are very few data on HEV prevalence in environmental samples.HEV RNA was detected in 3.3%and 16.7%surface waters in Slovenia and Serbia,respectively.There is no evidence of HEV RNA in sewage systems in this region.The available data on genetic characterization show that human,animal and environmental HEV strains mainly belong to the genotype 3.

Current Food and Nutrition Situation in South Asian and South-East Asian Countries

Food production in the countries of South and South-East Asia has shown a general upward trend during the last decade. Despite the considerable increase in population in many of these countries, food production per capita in 1988-90 was significantly higher as compared to 1979-81 figures, the increase being specially marked in such countries as Vietnam, Cambodia, Indonesia, and Malaysia. Available daily calorie supply was adequate to meet the requirement. The overall pattern of food production however has shown little change, with cereal production continuing to account for a predominant part of food production. There is no evidence of a significant uptrend with respect to production of pulses, milk, horticultural products, poultry or meat production in most countries.A uniquc and unfortunate feature of the nutrition situation in South-Asian countries is that the incidence of low birth weight deliveries is as high as 34% (1990), ranging from 25% in Sri Lanka to 50% in Bangladesh (as against less than 7% in the countries of Europe and North America). Even in countries of Africa where the overall food and nutrition situation is worse than in South Asia, the incidence is well below 20%. This is a reflection of the poor state of maternal nutrition in pregnancy.Florid nutritional deficiency diseases have shown a steep decline over the last two decades, but goitre and iron deficiency anaemia continue to be major public health problems, though some headway has been made with regard to the control of the former. Severe forms of growth retardation in children have declined but the majority suffer from mild and moderate forms of growth retardation.Countries of the Region are in varying stages of developmental transition. Among the burgeoning middle classes in some of these countries there are evidences of escalation of degenerative diseases such as diabetes and coronary heart disease. With increasing life expectancy, geriatric nutritlonal problems will demand increasing attention

SEM Morphological Study of the Paratype of the Spinicaudatan <i>Feiyunella zhedongensis</i>(Chen and Shen, 1977) from Cretaceous of Linhai, Zhejiang, South-East China

Spinicaudatans, a suborder of the abandoned taxonomic group “Conchostraca”, are very useful for biostratigraphic subdivision and correlation of the non-marine successions, remarkably in otherwise fossil-scarce red beds. Feiyunella, a monospecies spinicaudatan genus, was established based on specimens from sediments of Upper Cretaceous red beds in different localities of Zhejiang Province. The morphological examination under a scanning electron microscope of the type specimens of Feiyunella zhedongensis (Chen and Shen, 1977) has found that the paratype from the Fangyan Formation at Xiaoling of Linhai City, Zhejiang Province, is not Feiyunella, but a younger individual of Linhaiella.

Archaeological Mineralogy and the Dawn of Gemmology:Prehistoric(7th-5th Millennium BC)Gem Minerals and Gold from the Balkans（South-East Europe）

The territory of the Balkan Peninsula in SE Europe is reviewed, from the point of gemmology, as the cradle of gem and decorative minerals and metals in European prehistory. During the local Neolithic period (end of 7 th -6 th millennium BC), as material for tools or for beads, nephrite (with the earliest known Balkan nephrite culture), jadeite-omphacite and quartz (different varieties) were introduced to make pendants and idols. Large quantities of copper and gold artifacts are known since the Chalcolithic period (5 th millennium BC)(unique for the region;the largest in number of gold artifacts is the Varna I Chalcolithic necropolis in Bulgaria). The gemmological materials in the Balkans are known for malachite, antigorite serpentinite, turquoise, rock crystal, carnelian, jasper, jet and obsidian. In the Varna I necropolis (mid 5 th millennium BC) are recorded the first known complex faceted carnelian beads with 32 facets, as well as some of the most important gemmological techniques and procedures such as faceting, tumbling, annealing, miniaturization and standardization. As pigments for pottery, cinnabar, graphite and gold were used in different prehistoric sites. The earliest salt production in the Balkans is known from sites in Romania and Bulgaria, and because of its trade, salt is positively linked to a population rich with prestigious goods. The introduced possible Chalcolithic weight unit “van”(2 carats) is supposed to be the earliest known in prehistoric times.

Universal Health Coverage and Healthy Living in South-East Nigeria: How Far with Mental Health?

Background: Universal health coverage implies access to key promoting, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative health interventions for all at an affordable cost, thereby achieving equity in access and service. The mentally-ill belongs to a vulnerable group that has not been given adequate attention especially in the south-eastern part of Nigeria. In September 2015, a health summit was organized in Enugu, South-East Nigeria with the sole aim of strategizing towards achieving universal health coverage in the zone. From all indications, much of the efforts being made towards achieving universal health coverage in the zone are geared towards physical conditions with mental disorders being grossly neglected. Purpose: This position paper briefly highlights the burden of mental disorders in South-East Nigeria;brings to fore the numerous challenges/barriers to effective mental health service delivery in the area;and calls for a positive change before a meaningful health coverage can be achieved in the zone (and by extension in the country). Findings: The burden of mental disorders in south-east Nigeria is heavy. Enormous barriers to mental health services in the area range from ignorance and stigmatization to self-marginalization by the unwillingness of many concerned leaders or hospital chief executives in the area to appreciate mental health and employ or increase the number of mental health professionals. Recommendations: All the stakeholders, from policy makers to consumers should wake up, recognize mental health as an indispensable part of health and take urgent and necessary measures that would ensure the promotion of mental health, prevention and treatment of mental disorders, and appropriate rehabilitation of those with mental illnesses in the zone.

Retro-Viral Disease Status of Patients on DOTS Tuberculosis Treatment Strategy in a South-East Nigeria Teaching Hospital

Introduction: Tuberculosis is associated with HIV/AIDS and it has been recognized as one of the most frequent opportunistic infections in persons with HIV. Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death in people with HIV having an adverse effect on HIV progression. Objectives: The objective is to determine the retroviral disease status of patients on the DOTS strategy. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of patients was seen at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital from January 2013 to April 2015. Relevant information was collected from patients’ folders. Statistical analysis was done with the SPSS and results were represented in tables. Results: 171 patients (77%) were HIV negative while 51 (23%) were positive giving an HIV negative/HIV positive ratio of 3.35:1. 97 patients (43.7%) had 6 months duration of treatment. The least was 2 patients (0.9%) that complied with their medication for 7 months. The 61 - 70 years age group accounted for the least number of HIV-positive patients. Conclusion/Recommendations: There is strong tuberculosis/HIV co-infectivity among the studied population. Strategies to reduce the burden of TB/HIV co-infection should be strengthened.

Factors Confronting the Present-Day Construction Practices in South-East, Nigeria: The Professionals’ View

The study evaluates the factors confronting the present-day construction practices in South-East Nigeria. Being a survey research, questionnaires containing information relating to factors/challenges affecting construction practices were randomly administered to selected construction practitioners in South-Eastern States of Nigeria. Accordingly, a total of 240 questionnaires were administered to the selected respondents while 160 copies were completed, returned and found useful. Thus, giving a response rate of 66.67%. Data collected were analysed and presented using percentages, mean scores, principal and factor analysis, z-test and tables. The study found that the core factors that constrain present-day construction in the study area are issues related to inadequate/dearth of technical and managerial expertise, corruption and poor project planning and control;which significantly affect operational effectiveness of the construction industry in the study area. Therefore, the study concluded by recommending that thorough capacity building through training or retraining programme which should centre on areas of the issues identified should be religiously pursued in the study area.

Performance of Risk Measures in Portfolio Construction on Central and South-East European Emerging Markets

Aim of this paper is to characterize different risk measures in portfolio construction on seven Central and South-East European stock markets;Slovenia, Croatia, Hungary, Poland, Chez Republic, Bulgaria and Romania. Selected countries are members of EU, except Croatia and Turkey which have candidate status. Empirical part of this paper consists of three stages;at first descriptive statistic on stock returns was performed, afterwards different risk measures were employed in portfolio construction and in the last part, portfolios were tested in the out-of-sample period. Results indicate presence of extreme kurtosis and skewness in stock return series. Resulting portfolios incorporate stocks with extremely high kurtosis and stocks with negative skewness. Portfolio construction based only on risk and return results in major exposure to extreme returns and unsatisfactory portfolio out of sample results.

Ore-placer shows of platinum group elements in the areal of North-Asian Superplume derivations(South-East Russia)

The sources of large and unique platinum-metal placers were the zonal alkali-ultrabasic massifs be- coming active in the Cretaceous time that gravitated to the periphery of the areal of the North-Asian Superplume （NAS） influence. Origin of the conditions favorable for the formation of the placer platinum presence in the re- gion is governed by the plume ore-generating magmatism of several generations （ in Proterozoie and Phanerozo- ic）. Ultramafite-mafite magmatism was responsible for the origin of the stratified zonal massifs subjected in the Late Paleozoic and Mesozoic to the action of granitogene derivations of the NAS. The latter provided the devel- opment of the ore-forming magmagene-fluid-metasomatic processes and favorable conditions for the platinum group elements concentration.

Petrology, Age and Geodynamic Implication of the Panafrican Granitoids Associated with the Glito-Kpatala Shear Zone (South-East Togo)

The granitic plutons associated with the Glito-Kpatala shear zone are composed of biotite and amphibole granodiorites, biotite granites, two-mica granites and aplitic granites, which are very poorly represented. The chemical and mineralogical compositions of these facies indicate that they are I type and belong to high-K calc-alkaline series, with a chemical metaluminous character displayed by the granodiorites relative to the biotite and two-mica facies whose chemical compositions vary between metaluminous and peraluminous caracter. The Th/Ta (14.04 - 43.82 ppm, mean = 26.05), Th/U (2.58 to 15.05 ppm, mean = 5.85 ppm), Zr/Hf (25.27 to 37.21, mean = 30.67 ppm) and Rb/Sr (0.16 to 4.32;mean = 1.67 ppm) ratios of these granitoids reveal a strong crustal involvement in their magmatogenesis. Variations in CaO/Na2O (0.47 - 1.44 ppm), Rb/Sr (0.14 - 0.27 ppm), Rb/Ba (0.07 - 0.14 ppm) and Sr/Y (38.21 - 174.42 ppm) ratios indicate that biotite and amphibole granodiorites with their excessive Ni (135.37 - 139.51 ppm) and Cr (395.73 - 447.74 ppm) were derived from a mafic to intermediate lower continental crust where garnet and/or amphibole were stable residual assemblage minerals. The moderate Sr/Y ratios (1.81 - 9.47 ppm) and low transition elements Ni (1 - 6.44 ppm) and Cr (7.89 - 13.47 ppm) contents in both the two-mica and biotite granites are consistent with their emplacement at relatively shallow depths in the upper to mean continental crust, at pressures below 10 Kbar. In the two-mica granites, moderate CaO/Na2O (0.20 - 0.57 ppm, mean = 0.38 ppm) and Rb/Ba (0.39 - 1.37, mean = 0.84 ppm) ratios and quite varied Rb/Sr (1.53 - 4.23 ppm, mean = 2.85 ppm) ratios indicate a predominant derivation from psammitic and pelitic metasediments rather than metagreywackes. These low ratios (0.25 ≤ CaO/Na2O ≤ 0.32, mean = 0.28 ppm;0.31 ≤ Rb/Ba ≤ 0.44, mean = 0.39 ppm;1.11 ≤ Rb/Sr ≤ 1.78, mean = 0.39 ppm) in biotite granites are more consistent with melting from a metagreywacke-derived source. Evidence for the contribution of mantle-derived mafic magma with granitic magma in the plutons studied is materialized by the presence of magmatic enclaves in both granodiorites and two-mica granites, the volcanic arc geochemical signatures displayed by the plutons in geotectonic diagrams and Nb/Ta ratios (14.14 - 34.61 ppm) closer to mantle estimates. Geochemical data and radiometric dating elements suggest that the granitoids studied can be integrated into the pan-African late magmatic episode, which corresponds between 606 and 583 Ma, to the activity of transcurrent ductile strike-slips and to the synchronous emplacement of high K calc-alkaline plutons in a post-collisional context.

MESOZOIC-CENOZOIC COLLISION STRUCTURES IN THE SOUTH-EAST OF THE ASIA

Complicated system(collage)of block structures and orogenic belts had been formed in the S-E of Asia by collision prosesses in Mesozoic and Cenozoic periods. This collage began to form in early Mesozoic as a result of destruction of the continental Proterozoic-Paleozoic crust and movements of large terreines.Indosinian and Yangtze blocks(small plates)are the most characteristic block-terranes of the region; Myanmar and Songpan block systems are less representative. Variouse types of collision belts are situated between these blocks and on the periphery of the plates. They consist of concordant folded systems and shear zones. Some of these systems and shear

Molecular genome tracking of East,Central and South African genotype of Chikungunya virus in South-east Asia between 2006 and 2009

Objective:To understand the epidemiology of the East,Central and South African(ECSA) genotype of Chikungunya virus(CHIKV) in terms of emerging and re-emerging infections,this study has been aimed at investigating the evolutionary parameters,genomic signatures and molecular tracking of the CHIKV ECSA genotype in South-east Asia and coastal areas of the Indian Ocean between 2006 and 2009 by using phylogenetie analysis and the Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo(BMCMC) evolutionary estimation.Methods:Nearly complete genome sequences of 53 CHIKV isolates from all genotypes were subjected to phylogenetie analysis and evolutionary parameter estimation.The amino acids of 67 of ECSA genotype during 2006 to 2009 were compared for finding molecular signature tracking.The ECSA genotype signatures were visualized to find the possible transmission root was projected onto a geographic map.Results: Phylogenetie analysis showed the ECSA genotype was divided into 2 groups.The first group comprises viruses from India and Southeast Asian countries.The second group consists of strains typically circulating in Sri Lanka in 2008.The evolutionary parameters of these groups depicted the time of the most recent common ancestor at approximately 7.5 years ago.The genomic signatures revealed the positions of amino acid variation in each group.Conclusions:The molecular evolution projected onto a geographical map showed the routes of CHIKV transmission from 2006 to 2009.Molecular tracking will assist in understanding transmission routes, epidemiology and molecular evolution of CHIKV.

Health Safety of the Fish from the Luapula River in Democratic Republic of Congo

The Luapula River has received mining discharges from Lubumbashi and Kipushi Gecamines for several decades and from the CHEMAF company since 2005. It also received mining waste from SODIMICO. The Luapula River has Lake Banguelo as its source in Zambia and flows into Lake Moero, which is located on the border between Zambia and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The objective of this study is to assess the health safety of the fish from the Luapula River. Fish samples were collected in August 2015 at the site of the locality of Kasenga located downstream of the mining activities (n = 14) and presumed to be polluted. On the other hand, reference fish samples were taken upstream of any mining activity of the Panda, Kasungwe and Congo Rivers at the sections located near their sources and presumed not to be polluted by mining wastes. (n = 11). Ten Metal Trace Elements (MTE) were assayed at the laboratory of the Congolese Control Office (OCC) of Lubumbashi and at the laboratory of the Catholic University of Leuven in Belgium using ICP-OES and ICP-MS. To assess and evaluate the health safety of fish from the Luapula River, the concentrations of fish samples from the Luapula River were compared with the concentrations of the reference fish samples from the Panda Kasungwe and Congo rivers by the Wilcoxon test. The concentrations of fish samples from the Congo River were also compared with the maximum acceptable metal trace element concentrations established by the FAO, WHO, EU (European Union) and other regulatory bodies. as reported by Akoto et al. The results of this study showed that the fish from the Luapula River is contaminated in Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb, and are not fit for human consumption. The results obtained will be brought to attention of the decision-makers of the Province of Haut-Katanga, so that measures can be taken to ban metallurgical factories to drump their mining wastes into waterways.

南水北调工程水量调度十年

南水北调工程是世界上规模最大、距离最长、受益人口最多、受益范围最广的调水工程,其水量调度的规模和难度空前。南水北调东中线工程通水10年来,开展了卓有成效的水量调度实践,为优化水资源配置、保障群众饮水安全、复苏河湖生态环境、畅通南北经济循环提供了可靠的水资源支撑。从法律法规、体制机制、信息化支撑能力方面,总结了南水北调工程水量调度实践经验和显著成效。基于南水北调工程水源区和受水区的水资源供需格局、后续工程规划建设、运行管理实践新变化,从非常规水源利用、水量精准监测、水价机制完善、低碳运行技术等方面,分析了南水北调工程水量调度新需求。结合国家水网构建、南水北调后续工程高质量发展工作新格局,从复杂水网调度、应急调度能力提升、调度智慧化、工程无人运行等方面,分析了南水北调工程水量调度面临的新问题,为下一阶段南水北调工程水量调度实践提供参考借鉴。

持续照料型养老社区的东亚模式研究——以韩国K-CCRC为例

全球老龄化背景下,起源于美国的持续照料型养老社区(CCRC)模式受到东亚国家借鉴,但同时也面临着本土化的需求和困境。继日本版CCRC模式后,韩国版持续照料型养老社区(K-CCRC)模式于2021年由韩国老龄化社会和人口政策总委员会正式提出,其实践路径对中国的CCRC模式探索有参考意义。该文基于国内外CCRC东亚模式的相关研究,梳理韩国CCRC模式的发展背景,总结K-CCRC的政策和研究基础、五大推进目标、推进阶段以及多主体建设体系,通过对公寓型村社、韩国型老年共居社区和退休社区村三种K-CCRC先行模式及其典型案例的具体分析,归纳可供中国借鉴的规划框架和政策经验。

新生代亚洲季风的演化过程

陆地和海洋热容量差异会引起风向和降水发生季节性反转形成季风气候。亚洲是世界上季风气候最典型的区域,同时也有最多的受季风气候影响的人口。季风带来的强降水容易诱发多种次生灾害,严重影响着区域内人类社会生产、居住的安全,因而认识亚洲季风的形成过程至关重要。利用将古论今的地学思想,文章旨在阐述亚洲季风的组成,列举影响亚洲季风形成、演化的主要因素,总结亚洲关键地点的沉积记录显示的南亚季风和东亚季风的演化期次。结果表明,在古近纪,印度板块与亚洲大陆南缘发生碰撞,改变了亚洲的海陆分布,导致青藏高原发生初始隆升,南亚和东亚均出现季风性气候。但此时的东亚地区依然主要受行星风系的控制,东亚季风处于孕育阶段,仅呈条带状局部分布在华南板块的南缘,而南亚季风的覆盖面积相对广泛。这可能主要是因为东亚地区的边缘海打开时间明显要晚于南亚地区海陆分布出现的时间。但随着青藏高原在中新世整体隆升并接近现今的海拔高度,亚洲季风全面进入增强阶段,强烈影响区域内的地质演化过程。自中新世中期以来,由于受控于青藏高原隆升、南北极冰盖的发育,亚洲季风经历了多期次的稳定发展阶段。研究成果为科学合理利用季风开展亚洲系统地球科学研究提供了参考。

中国东部冬季气温变化的主要区域空间模态及其与大气环流的关系

本文利用1956—2017年我国519个站点逐日气温资料,通过旋转经验正交函数分析方法得到了近62年我国冬季气温变化主要的区域空间模态,研究了其与大气环流的关系,并进一步使用2018—2023年上述站点冬季气温资料进行验证分析。结果表明,我国冬季气温变化有两个较为稳定的区域空间模态:第一模态主要表现为南方大部分地区出现异常低温,低温极值区位于华南和东南沿海区,称之为南方型;第二模态的气温异常信号主要集中在东北地区,称之为东北型。其中,南方型模态与赤道中太平洋的海温呈显著负相关关系,与东亚冬季风的“南北反向”模态呈显著正相关。当冬季赤道中太平洋海温异常偏冷时,东亚南部地区表现为强烈的低层偏北风距平,北方则无显著偏北风距平,造成南方大部分地区出现异常低温。冬季北极涛动与东北型低温模态有显著联系,当北极涛动呈负位相时,冷高压主要集中在极区,高压东侧盛行东北风,造成东北地区冬季气温异常偏低。近6年中,2018年与2021年冬季呈东北型低温模态,其关键环流系统接近北极涛动负位相,验证了该结论。

夏季南亚高压东-西振荡过程中青藏高原及周边上对流层水汽的分布和传输特征

夏季南亚高压的“双模态”分布对应着其中心位置在10~20天准双周时间尺度上的东—西振荡,对青藏高原及周边上对流层的水汽分布和传输有显著影响。本文利用夏季7~8月逐日的ERAI再分析资料,通过基于南亚高压东—西振荡指数的位相合成分析发现,当南亚高压呈青藏高原模态时,青藏高原(伊朗高原)地区上对流层水汽含量异常偏高(低),伊朗高原模态时则相反;伴随南亚高压中心位置由青藏高原向西移至伊朗高原上空,上对流层水汽含量正异常中心亦自青藏高原东侧向西逐渐传播到伊朗高原以西地区。进一步诊断表明,除了在青藏高原北侧和南侧水汽经向绝热输送异常有抵消作用外,两高原地区上对流层水汽倾向异常主要由水汽纬向绝热输送异常及其辐合辐散异常所贡献,而青藏高原地区对流活动引起的垂直非绝热输送异常在上对流层则主要与剩余项(水汽的凝结和蒸发)相抵消。因此,青藏高原(伊朗高原)上对流层为水汽含量正异常时对应着青藏高原上空的对流活动异常偏弱(强)。而南亚高压中心位置和上对流层水汽含量正异常中心自青藏高原向伊朗高原移动的过程,对应着青藏高原地区的对流活动异常和垂直向上的水汽非绝热输送异常不断增强,同时上对流层水汽凝结异常也不断增强。此外,南亚高压向西移动过程中,上对流层水汽绝热辐合(辐散)异常主要发生在其西(东)侧,这是造成水汽含量异常中心纬向传播的主要原因。

南水北调东线工程典型供排闸站施工导流分析研究

南水北调东线工程南起扬州长江,经13个梯级提水入东平湖后,穿黄北送等,线路总长1466.5 km。鉴于南水北调输水干线上水工建筑物的功能多样,加固改造时供排水导流工况复杂,选取输水干线典型闸站即沙集闸站,分功能、分时段、分规模、分方案地进行导流,充分保障施工期工程原供排水充分效益发挥。