Awareness and Attitudes Toward In Vitro Fertilization in Patients with Infertility:A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective:To investigate the awareness and attitudes of patients with infertility toward in vitro fertilization(IVF).Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with infertility at the Reproductive Medicine Center of Peking University Third Hospital.Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire that consists of patient background information,methods of obtaining relevant IVF information,and patients’awareness of IVF treatment as well as the law and ethics.Results:A total of 198 participants of different backgrounds were enrolled in the study,and IVF information was obtained through different means;however,most of the participants had a lack of awareness and improper attitude toward IVF.The participants had higher estimations of treatment expenses(Pearson λ^(2)=22.132,P<0.05)and time(Pearson λ^(2)=47.992,P<0.05)during the initial consultation,while those with treatment experience expressed fewer concerns about IVF therapy(Pearson λ^(2)=9.467,P<0.05),particularly about the genetic risks of having IVF.Conclusion:Measures should be taken to improve patients’awareness and attitudes toward IVF,and a large-scale and multicenter clinical study should be conducted in the future.

Healthcare professionals'knowledge,attitude and practice towards ischemic bowel disease

BACKGROUND Ischemic bowel disease(IBD)is a critical condition caused by reduced blood flow to the intestines,leading to tissue damage and potentially severe complications.Early recognition and timely management are essential for improving patient outcomes and reducing morbidity and mortality associated with IBD.AIM To evaluate the knowledge,attitude and practice(KAP)of healthcare professionals regarding IBD.METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among healthcare professionals in China from November 2023 to December 2023 using a self-designed questionnaire.RESULTS A total of 315 valid questionnaires were analyzed,with 215 participants(68.25%)being female.The mean KAP scores were 17.55±5.35(range:0-24),27.65±2.77(range:8-40),and 18.88±4.23(range:6-30),respectively.Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed the following factors to be independently associated with knowledge:Age 26-35 years(β=2.80,95%CI:0.31-5.30,P=0.028),professional title(β=2.66,95%CI:0.91-4.41,P=0.003),position(β=-3.78,95%CI:-5.45 to-2.11,P<0.001),participation in IBD-related training(β=3.45,95%CI:2.39-4.51,P<0.001),and admission of more than five IBD cases in the past month(β=3.25,95%CI:1.58-4.92,P<0.001).Attitude was independently associated with knowledge(β=0.20,95%CI:0.15-0.26,P<0.001)and being a nurse or nursing supervisor(β=-1.30,95%CI:-2.16 to-0.40,P=0.003).Practice was independently associated with knowledge(β=0.20,95%CI:0.10-0.30,P<0.001)and attitude(β=0.24,95%CI:0.06-0.42,P=0.007).Structural equation modeling demonstrated direct effects of knowledge on attitude(β=0.24,P<0.001)and practice(β=0.26,P<0.001),as well as of attitude on practice(β=0.22,P=0.012).CONCLUSION Healthcare professionals demonstrated adequate knowledge but moderate attitude and inactive practice regarding IBD.Addressing the gaps in attitude and practice through targeted training programs and interventions is essential for improving patient care and outcomes.

Awareness of and attitudes towards infertility and its treatment： a cross-sectional survey of men in a United States primary care population

Previous studies have described racial and socioeconomic disparities in the treatment of infertility. Patient factors such as attitudes and awareness may be contributing factors. Since primary care is often the setting that serves as an entry into other areas of medicine, we sought to evaluate men＇s attitudes and awareness of male infertility in the primary care setting. To do this, we performed a cross-sectional survey of men＇s attitudes toward men＇s health issues in 210 men from two primary care clinic waiting rooms in Atlanta, Georgia. The survey was self-administered with closed-ended question items and was approximately 20 min in length. Of the 310 men approached, 210 agreed to participate and returned completed surveys. Overall, 52% of men said they were ＂very＂ or ＂somewhat＂ familiar with infertility and 25% were familiar with treatments for infertility. Some men had heard of surgery （21%） and medication （35%） as treatments for male infertility. Awareness and familiarity with the condition was greater in high socioeconomic status men （i.e. college graduates or those with income 〉$100 k per year） but did not differ by race on multivariate analysis. Attitudes toward infertility varied by race with non-Caucasian men being more likely to indicate that infertility is a serious condition, to be concerned about infertility, and to believe it decreases a man＇s quality-of-life. Therefore, a lack of awareness, but not negative attitudes, may contribute to previously-described disparities in the treatment of infertility.

Dietary Knowledge, Behaviours and Attitudes of Students of Public School in a Northeastern City in Brazil

This quasi-experimental intervention was conducted with 10- to 14-year-old students enrolled in public schools in Teresina, Brazil, to evaluate the effects of a nutritional education program on the students’ knowledge, behaviour and attitudes towards nutrition. The dietary attitudes were evaluated in terms of food tastes/preferences and food behaviours. The participants in the study included 126 students from four schools. Differences between before and after the intervention were found regarding knowledge about the “food pyramid”, “healthy eating” and “nutrients”

Knowledge,attitude,and practice of patients living with inflammatory bowel disease:A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases(IBDs)generally have poor knowledge,attitude,and practice of their disease,while the data from China are lacking.AIM To address this knowledge disparity among Chinese patients with IBD.METHODS This web-based,cross-sectional study was conducted on a cohort of IBD patients who visited the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University between December 2022 and February 2023.Their socio-demographic information and the knowledge,attitude,and practice scores were collected and estimated using a self-designed questionnaire.Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to determine the pairwise correlations among knowledge,attitude,and practice scores.A multivariate logistic regression analysis was further performed to determine the independent factors associated with their knowledge,attitude,and practice scores.RESULTS A total of 353 patients(224 males)with IBD completed the questionnaires.The mean knowledge,attitude,and practice scores were 10.05±3.46(possible range:0-14),41.58±5.23(possible range:0-56),44.20±7.39(possible range:0-56),respectively,indicating good knowledge,positive attitude,and proactive practice toward IBD.Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that the knowledge score had significant positive correlations with the attitude score(r=0.371,P<0.001)and practice score(r=0.100,P<0.001).The attitude score had a significant positive correlation with the practice score(r=0.452,P<0.001).Moreover,multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that aged 30-40 years[odds ratio(OR)=4.06,95%confidence interval(CI):1.04-15.82,P=0.043],middle school education(OR=3.98,95%CI:1.29-12.33,P=0.017),high school/technical secondary school education(OR=14.06,95%CI:3.92-50.38,P<0.001),and junior college/bachelor’s degree and above education(OR=15.20,95%CI:4.15-55.650,P<0.001)were independently associated with good knowledge.The higher knowledge score was independently associated with a positive attitude(OR=1.23,95%CI:1.11-1.36,P<0.001).The higher attitude score was independently associated with proactive practice(OR=1.20,95%CI:1.11-1.30,P<0.001).CONCLUSION Chinese patients with IBD might have good knowledge,a positive attitude,and proactive practice toward their disease.However,a small number of specific items require education.

Perception, Attitude, and Impact Change after Watching Faith-Based Films： A Comparative Study

Malaysia is a multi-religious country. Hence, it is important for everyone to understand each other＇s religion and culture to maintain peace and harmony in the country. This study was conducted to analyze the impact of Islamic films on youth （teenage, adolescent, and young adults） of various races, religions and gender. Specifically, the objectives of the study are： （1） to find out the level of perception on Islamic films among youth of various backgrounds, （2） to find out the level of attitude toward Islamic films among youth of various backgrounds, （3） to find out the level of impact change after watching Islamic films among youth of various backgrounds, and （4） to compare youth of various backgrounds on the relationships between perception, attitude, and impact change after watching Islamic films. The data were collected from a quasi-experimental research method, using questionnaire as the research instrument. From a total of 141 respondents, two-thirds are females and 70% are teenagers, representing different races and religions. Results showed that there was no difference between males and females. The differences were evident in the results for perception, attitude, and impact change for various races, religions, and age groups.

Current Situation Analysis of Nursing Students'Professional Attitudes and Employment Intentions during COVID-19 Pandemic

Objective:To understand the status of nursing students'professional attitudes,professional identity,and employment intention under the new coronary pneumonia pandemic,and to analyze the factors influencing nursing students'employment intention.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 689 nursing students using a questionnaire,and the results were analyzed by multiple unordered and ordered regressions.Results:47.17%of the nursing students chose to work in clinical nursing in the future;95.5%of the nursing students preferred to work in Grade III class hospital hospitals;0.73%of the nursing students actively chose to work in the infectious disease unit in the background of COVID-19 pandemic.In the analysis of professional attitudes,female nursing students scored higher than male nursing students;Senior students and above scored significantly higher than junior nursing students;nursing students who had internship experience scored higher than those who had not;nursing students who had someone close to them who was involved in the rescue work of the COVID-19 pandemic scored higher in professional attitudes.Regression analysis showed that the higher the professional identity score,the more likely the nursing students were to choose a nursing-related job and expect a higher salary;nursing students who chose nursing because it was easy to find a job,followed the advice of others,or had a family income of less than 3000 yuan per capita also expected a higher salary.In the context of the pandemic,nursing students with high career attitude scores were less likely to choose clinical nursing jobs;students without nursing practitioners at home were less likely to choose hospitals and health management organizations;nursing students with high career identity were more likely to choose Grade III class hospitals.Conclusion:The outbreak of COVID-19 has influenced the employment intention of nursing students,in the background of pandemic,about half of them still choose to engage in clinical nursing work;most of them recognize the outstanding contribution and professional value of nurses in the fight against epidemic.Meanwhile,through this research,it is believed that nursing students at school have insufficient awareness of infectious diseases and other public health emergencies.It is recommended that relevant colleges and universities strengthen knowledge and related courses on the prevention and control of infectious diseases and public health emergency events.

基于化学前沿知识的高中化学教学策略研究

化学前沿知识具有时代性和创新性,将其与高中化学教学融合,有利于化学学科核心素养的落实和创新人才的培养.以浙江省某重点中学高一学生为研究对象,从课前、课中、课后3个阶段设计化学前沿知识的教学策略,包括化学前沿主题导学、化学前沿课堂教学、前沿阅读材料开发,分析不同阶段策略应用的必要性及其优势.通过在教学实施前后进行的问卷调查和访谈,评估了不同学业水平学生的科学态度和化学知识理解.结果表明:融入前沿知识的高中化学教学对不同学业成绩水平学生的科学态度均有显著提升;不同成绩水平学生对前沿知识表现出的学习热情和接受程度与他们的化学基础存在较大程度的正相关.结果为化学前沿知识在高中化学教学中的应用提供有价值的参考.

Exploring Barriers to Implementation of Smoking Policies: A Qualitative Study on Health Professionals from Three County-Level Hospitals

Objective This study was to identify factors limiting the implementation of smoking policies in county-level hospitals. Methods We conducted qualitative interviews （17 focus groups discussions and 6 one-to-one in depth interviews） involving 103 health professionals from three target county-level hospitals. A combination of purposive and convenience sampling was used to recruit subjects and gain a broad range of perspectives on issues emerging from ongoing data-analysis until data saturation occurred. The transcripts were analyzed for themes and key points. Results The main themes that emerged suggested that both smokers and non-smokers viewed smoking very negatively. However, it was clear that, underlying this acceptance of the health risks of smoking, there was a wide range of beliefs. Most of the health professionals pointed out that, as smoking was legal, addictive, and influenced by social norms, currently it was almost unrealistic to expect all smokers to give up smoking or not to smoke in the hospitals. Furthermore, they were concerned about the potentially detrimental effects of providing counseling advice to all smokers on the interpersonal relationship among colleagues or between doctors and patients. In addition, low level of employee participation influenced the sustainable implementation of smoking policies. Conclusions Simply being aware of the health risks about smoking did not necessarily result in successful implementation of the smoking policies. Application of comprehensive intervention strategies such as implementing smoking policies in public places at the county level, creating supportive environments, promoting community participation, and conducting health education, may be more effective.

Attitude of Health Care Providers towards Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health Services in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review

The aim of the review was to synthesise the best available evidence regarding attitude of health care providers towards adolescent sexual and reproductive health services in developing countries. The review was conducted following qualitative research method. An online search of Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), British Nursing Index (BNI), EMBASE and MEDLINE databases was conducted to identify relevant studies for the review. There were nine studies that met the inclusion criteria and these were critically assessed by two independent reviewers using the standardised Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal forms. Data were extracted using the standardised JBI data extraction forms. A narrative synthesis was done on the findings. Key findings from the review indicate that unprofessional attitude of health care professionals and lack of youth friendly reproductive health services, inhibit adolescents from gaining access to sexual and reproductive health services in developing countries. It is recommended that youth friendly reproductive health services be provided to increase uptake of re-productive health services by adolescents.

Operational feasibility study of stagnation pressure reaction control for a mid-caliber non-spinning projectile

Controlled,guided munitions can reduce dispersion in the shot,while providing the capability of engaging both stationary and maneuvering targets.The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research has developed a fin-less control technology called Stagnation Pressure Reaction Control(SPRC)that takes stagnation pressure air and directs it sideways to control non-spinning projectiles.In a previous study,this technology was demonstrated at Mach 2 wind-tunnel conditions to achieve up to 1.5°controllable angle of incidence for a non-spinning,aerodynamically unstable projectile-like test object.In an operational scenario,the decelerating projectile will experience a decline in control force while the simultaneous forward shift of the center of pressure increases the need for control force.Furthermore,angles of incidence exceeding 1.5°will be experienced under realistic flight conditions,especially against maneuvering targets.This work addresses these challenges and presents an operational feasibility study for a practical application of SPRC in a non-spinning mid-caliber gun-launched projectile,using experiment data on control latency and force of the earlier study.It illustrates the combined effect of the control-and stability dynamics and underlines the potential of an SPRC projectile as a precisionoperation ammunition.This research revealed that SPRC technology can stabilize and control the hypothesized projectile in a direct fire scenario against stationary and maneuvering targets.

Case study on the communicative competence of Chinese students

This study investigates the communicative competence of Chinese students in a British university, and the main purposes of the study are to find out more about Chinese students＇ difficulties in communication and to explore learning strategies of developing communicative competence. The research results show that Chinese students had both linguistic and socio-cultural problems in communication. Two case studies are presented of good and less good communicators to show up different patterns of communicative performance and learning strategies. In conclusion, a range of findings support the statement that attitudes, motivation and immersion were important in the development of communicative competence.

不同实习医务人员职业防护能力知信行现况调查

目的 对不同实习医务人员职业防护知信行能力进行横断面调查研究。方法 2021年3-9月采取方便整群抽样方法选取山东省2所医学院校正在临床实习的护士及医生进行职业防护知信行能力问卷调查,采取问卷星方式进行线上调查,共收集有效问卷452份,其中实习护士187名(本科64名、专科123名),实习医生265名(本科221名、专科44名)。应用SPSS25.0统计软件进行数据分析。结果 实习医务人员职业防护知识与防护态度、防护知识与防护行为总体分布比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同类别实习医务人员职业防护知识、态度、行为总体分布比较,差异均有统计学意义(H=33.733、29.158、28.740,P<0.001);专科实习医生与本科实习护士及专科实习护士职业防护知识5个维度、职业防护态度2个维护及职业防护行为4个维护的总体分布比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 管理者应加强对实习医务人员职业防护知识的培训,尤其是加强对实习医生职业防护能力的培训,从而降低其职业暴露发生率。

ICU护士预防再喂养综合征知识、态度和行为的现况及其影响因素

目的调查重症监护病房(intensive care unit,ICU)护士预防再喂养综合征知识、态度和行为现况,并分析其影响因素,为临床开展相关教学、培训提供依据。方法采用便利抽样法,自行编制一般资料调查表、ICU护士对预防RFS再喂养综合征(refeeding syndrome,RFS)知识、态度和行为问卷以及护理阻碍因素及知识需求问卷,对上海市5所三级甲等综合医院和2所二级甲等综合医院的366名ICU护士进行调查,并采用多重线性回归分析RFS的知识、态度和行为的影响因素。结果366名ICU护士预防RFS知识、态度和行为问卷总分、知识维度、态度维度、主观规范、感知行为控制及行为意向维度得分分别为(133.73±20.55)分、(35.79±9.04)分、(37.44±6.20)分、(12.07±2.27)分、(17.82±4.00)分、(30.61±6.09)分,总分处于中等水平。多重线性回归分析显示,医院级别、ICU类型以及是否为营养学组成员、接受过相关培训、从学术期刊获取知识的频率是ICU护士对预防RFS知识、态度和行为的影响因素(均P<0.05),共同解释其20.90%的变异。结论从学术期刊获取知识、三级医院、综合ICU及接受过RFS相关知识培训、营养学组成员的护士有较高的预防RFS知识、态度和行为水平。护理管理者应重视ICU护士的培训,加强其对预防RFS护理的知识和行为,从而提高ICU护理管理质量。

基于扎根理论的医科院校学生婚育态度及婚育焦虑状况质性研究

为了解学生婚育积极性及焦虑因素,为消除或缓解婚育焦虑提供依据,文章采用半结构化访谈法,对随机抽取的12名不同专业医科院校学生进行焦点小组式访谈,提取关键信息,遵循扎根理论研究方法的步骤,借助质性分析软件NVivo11plus对数据进行编码和分析,归纳出医科院校学生的婚姻态度、生育态度、婚姻焦虑、生育焦虑四大块核心范畴并分别进行讨论。研究发现,受访学生向往时机成熟、条件完备的美满婚育,但理想与现实间产生的矛盾形成阻力,成为婚育焦虑的源头,据此提出解决婚育焦虑的建议。

矩形膛线和弧形膛线对弹丸与身管相互作用的影响

为了研究膛线类型对枪械射击性能的影响,开展矩形膛线和弧形膛线两种身管的有限元模型仿真,通过数值仿真与试验相结合的研究方法,分析膛线线型对弹头刻痕、应力、弹头姿态、身管受力的影响。通过对比矩形膛线和弧形膛线下的弹头以及身管受力分析,得到以下结论:弧形膛线下的子弹与矩形膛线下的子弹相比,其质心偏量更小,整体射击过程更加稳定;其子弹受到的应力以及应变都更小,线膛受到的磨损小,整体寿命有所提高;子弹射击初速更高,射击威力更大。该研究可对弹头的运动姿态和身管设计提供参考。

基于Q方法的老年头颈癌患者术前预立医疗照护计划决策态度探究

目的分析老年头颈癌患者对术前预立医疗照护计划决策态度,为老年头颈癌患者术前预立医疗照护计划干预模式的构建提供参考。方法对13例老年头颈癌患者进行半结构访谈,并在文献回顾基础上生成Q陈述,总结、整理后编号并随机排列以备用;另选取18例老年头颈癌患者按Q方法对Q陈述进行排序,对所得数据进行因子分析,以明确患者的决策态度。结果共提取3个因子,老年头颈癌患者对术前预立医疗照护计划的决策态度类型可分为3种,即共同决策型、专业决策型、自主决策型,3种类型患者均认为应在术前进行预立医疗照护计划讨论,均不认为手术前讨论此话题是不吉利或不孝的,3种类型间也存在一定差异。结论术前与老年头颈癌患者进行预立医疗照护计划讨论具有一定可行性,其参与术前预立医疗照护计划决策的态度各有不同,医务人员应甄别患者的不同决策类型,针对性制定术前预立医疗照护计划。

贵阳市社区老年人死亡认知及影响因素的质性研究

目的探讨社区老年人对死亡的认知及影响因素。方法运用描述性现象学研究方法,采用最大差异选样,从不同文化层次进行抽样,资料饱和后再增加2例,最终纳入11名社区老年人进行面对面半结构式访谈,对所得资料采用内容分析法及主题分析法,编码采用手工编码和Nvivo 12软件相结合的方式。结果贵阳市社区老年人的死亡认知归纳为:回避死亡;被动的应对死亡,表现为应对死亡的无力感、无助感;对死亡过程未知性、不可预见性充满恐惧感;优死的需求在生理上主要表现在身体少受痛苦,心理上主要表现为追求内心的宁静和对家人关爱与陪伴的渴求;欠和睦的家庭关系、薄弱的家庭经济、争强好胜的性格特质、身体状况的好坏和年纪的大小是影响老年人死亡态度的重要因素。结论在健康老龄化背景下,应在社区开展死亡教育,引导老年人关注“优死”,帮助老年人更好地理解生命的意义、树立正确的生死观,打破死亡的神秘色彩,减轻老年人应对死亡的自我感受负担,以更加积极的心态应对死亡。

认知障碍患者智能机器人使用体验的Meta整合

目的系统评价和整合认知障碍患者对智能机器人使用体验的质性研究,为临床开展机器人技术实践提供借鉴。方法计算机检索中英文数据库从建库至2024年4月收录的关于认知障碍患者对智能机器人使用体验的质性研究。运用JBI质性研究评估工具评价文献质量,采用汇集性整合方法进行结果整合。结果共纳入14篇文献,提炼出48个主要研究结果,归纳为10个新类别,并综合成3个整合结果:身心社会各层面益处交织,患者体验多重使用价值;多重顾虑及障碍交织,影响患者使用体验;患者对机器人的期待。结论认知障碍患者在使用机器人技术中正性、负性体验交织,并期望进一步优化机器人外观及功能。需重视患者负性心理体验,建立健全社会支持体系及制度规范,并以患者需求为中心不断优化智能机器人功能,提升认知障碍患者使用体验及智能机器人技术的可推广性。

医学本科生对老年痴呆症认识与态度的调查研究

目的:了解医学本科生对老年痴呆症的知识水平及态度,并分析知识掌握与态度之间的关系,为提升医学本科生对老年痴呆症的知识水平并增强其同理心提供参考依据。方法:采用分层抽样的方法选取石河子大学医学院486名本科生作为研究对象,采用一般资料调查量表、阿尔茨海默病知识量表(ADKS)以及痴呆态度量表(DAS)进行调查。结果:医学本科生ADKS总分(20.49±4.11)分,DAS总分(89.95±13.69)分,多元线性回归结果显示,专业、年级、是否有老年痴呆症家族史等是本科生ADKS得分的主要影响因素(均P<0.05),共解释变异量57.2%,性别、之前是否学习过老年痴呆症知识、是否有与老人同住的经历等是本科生DAS得分的主要影响因素(均P<0.05),共解释变异量46.7%。结论:医学本科生知识水平较高,说明其对老年痴呆相关知识掌握水平较高,但痴呆态度持中立,待提升。学校课程设置上可以根据态度情况做出适当修改,以提升医学本科生对于老年痴呆症病人治疗与照护的积极性。