Present-day Upper-crustal Strain Rate Field in Southeastern Tibet and its Geodynamic Implications:Constraints from GPS Measurements with ABIC Method

The Earth’s surface kinematics and deformation are fundamental to understanding crustal evolution.An effective research approach is to estimate regional motion field and deformation fields based on modern geodetic networks.If the discrete observed velocity field is obtained,the velocity related fields,such as dilatation rate and maximum shear strain rate,can be estimated by applying varied mathematical approaches.This study applied Akaike's Bayesian Information Criterion(ABIC)method to calculate strain rate fields constrained by GPS observations in the southeast Tibetan Plateau.Comparison with results derived from other three methods revealed that our ABIC-derived strain rate fields were more precise.The maximum shear strain rate highlighted the Xianshuihe–Xiaojiang fault system as the main boundary for the outward migration of material in southeastern Tibet,indicating rotation of eastern Tibet material around the eastern Himalaya rather than whole extrusion along a fixed channel.Additionally,distinct dilatation rate patterns in the northeast and southwest regions of the fault system were observed.The northeast region,represented by the Longmenshan area,exhibited negative dilatational anomalies;while the southwest region,represented by the Jinsha River area north of 29°N,displayed positive dilatational anomalies.This indicates compression in the former and extension in the latter.Combined with deep geophysical observations,we believe that the upper and lower crusts of the Jinsha River area north of 29°N are in an entire expanding state,probably caused by the escape-drag effect of material.The presence of a large,low-viscosity region south of 29°N may not enable the entire escape of the crust,but instead result in a differential escape of the lower crust faster than the upper crust.

Spatiotemporal distribution of regional landslides and erosion rates in Southeastern Tibet

The difficulty in estimating ages of regional landslides hampers to assess frequency of landslides and hence to quantitatively assess regional landslide hazard.In this study,we used radiocarbon dating of organic sediment on boulder rock varnish to estimate landslide ages in Langxian(LX)arid region in southeastern Tibet.Samples of rock varnish with organic sediment were collected on site for radiocarbon dating,leading to landslide ages from 1880±30 to 18,430±30 yr B.P.To measure surface roughness characteristics of 109 remotely-mapped large bedrock landslide deposits,we estimated average standard deviation of slope(SDS)over an area of~640 km^(2) by calculating the slope gradient of each raster cell and using a rectangular moving window method in Arc Map from a 5 m-resolution Digital Elevation Model generated from helicopterobtained photographs.Combing estimated landslide ages(t)with average surface roughness of mapped landslide deposits(R)quantified by SDS,we fit an exponential landslide deposits surface roughness-age function(t=1.47×10^(6)×e^(-1).46R,r2=0.63)that was used to estimate regional landslide ages in LX.We conclude that three periods with clusters of regional landslides in LX were revealed by different surface roughness of landslide deposits combing roughness-age function,with the values of 5563-7455 yr B.P.,1724-4151 yr B.P.,and 960-1287 yr B.P..Furthermore,we used our estimates of landslide ages to quantify landslide erosion rates of three corresponding hillslopes in LX ranging from 0.50 to 2.42 mm yr-1.Although rock varnish radiocarbon dating provides us a feasible option for timing regional landslides of arid regions,the epistemic uncertainty in the dating method should arouse our attention,which could be reduced by increasing the number of samples.

Uniform Strike-Slip Rate along the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang Fault System and Its Implications for Active Tectonics in Southeastern Tibet

Recent studies on the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system suggest that the Late Quaternary strike-slip rate is approximately uniform along the entire length of the fault zone, about 15±2 mm/a. This approximately uniform strike slip rate strongly supports the clockwise rotation model of the southeastern Tibetan crust. By approximating the geometry of the arc-shaped Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system as a portion of a small circle on a spherical Earth, the 15±2 mm/a strike slip rate corresponds to clockwise rotation of the Southeastern Tibetan Block at the （5.2±0.7）×10^-7 deg/a angular velocity around the pole （21°N, 88°E） relative to the Northeast Tibetan Block. The approximately uniform strike slip rate along the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system also implies that the Longmeushan thrust zone is not active, or at least its activity has been very weak since the Late Quaternary. Moreover, the total offset along the Xiaushuihe-Xiaojiang fault system suggests that the lateral extrusion of the Southeastern Tibetan Block relative to Northeastern Tibetan Block is about 160 km and 200-240 km relative to the Tarim-North China block. This amount of lateral extrusion of the Tibetan crust should have accommodated about 13-24% convergence between India and Eurasia based on mass balance calculations. Assuming that the slip rate of 15±2 mm/a is constant throughout the entire history of the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system, 11±1.5 Ma is needed for the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system to attain the 160 km of total offset. This implies that left-slip faulting on the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault system might start at 11±1.5 Ma.

Landscape change in response to multiperiod glacial debris flows in Peilong catchment,southeastern Tibet

High-magnitude glacial debris flows in small basins in Himalayas have a significant impact on landscape.The Peilong catchment,a tributary of the Parlung Zangbo river in southeastern Tibet,was chosen as a case study of topographic response to multi-period glacial debris flows.There are few large debris flow records in the catchment before 1983,but four large-scale glacial debris flows with peak discharge up to 8195 m3/s blocked the river during 1983–1985 and in 2015.A combination of field survey,examination of historical records and interpretation of multi-period remote sensing images was used to assess triggering factors and geomorphic impact of the events.The results show that the debris flows during 1983 and 1985 may be attributed to seismic events in 1981 and 1982,while the event in 2015 resulted from large amount of landslide deposits caused by glacier retreat during 1993~2013 and high precipitation in 2015.In the upper-midstream broad valley,erosion and accumulation of the debris flows changed the channel morphology,resulting in course diversion.In the lower-midstream narrow valley,lateral erosion of debris flows induced a large number of landslides but had little impact on the channel longitudinal profile.The ability of massive glacial debris flows to change valley topography is more than ten times that of regular water flows.The landscape of the accumulation fan at the outlet of the valley is controlled by the interaction between the sediment transportation capacity of debris flows and erosional capacity of the main river.The sediment transport capacity of the Peilong river is greater than the delivery capacity of the Parlung Zangbo river,resulting in continuous aggradation of the confluence zone.

DISPLACEMENT HISTORY OF THE GANGDESE THRUST, ZEDONG WINDOW, SOUTHEASTERN TIBET

Determining the timing, magnitude, and location of deformation due to the Indo\|Asian collision is widely acknowledged as an important step in understanding how the lithosphere responds during continental collision. Thus a puzzling result of geological investigations of the Lhasa Block over the past two decades has been the apparent lack of significant Tertiary deformation there. Perhaps the most important structural feature of the Lhasa Block is the south\|directed Gangdese Thrust System, which developed along its southern edge. The thrust system, which separates the Andean\|type batholith of southern Asia from rocks of Indian affinity, is obscured at most locations across southeastern Tibet by backthrusts of the younger, north\|directed Renbu Zedong Thrust System. The best documented site where both thrusts are exposed is a structural window near Zedong.

Survey on Germplasm Resources of Araliaceae Plants in Southeastern Tibet and Study on Their Landscape Application

In recent years,the Araliaceae plants have been widely used in the planning of urban garden and road green space. China is rich in Araliaceae plant resources and Araliaceae plants are outstanding in form,but their ornamental value is less studied. Through the statistical survey of the germplasm resources of Araliaceae plants in southeastern Tibet,and the research and analysis of their functions and ornamental characteristics,this paper concluded that the Araliaceae plants in southeastern Tibet have high ornamental value,and 12 varieties of Araliaceae plants can be used in gardens and have great research and development significance. Finally,it came up with recommendations for the collection and protection,introduction and breeding,and garden application of Araliaceae plant resources.

Shear wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle in Southeastern Tibet and its geodynamic implications

Southeastern Tibet,which has complex topography and strong tectonic activity,is an important area for studying the subsurface deformation of the Tibetan Plateau.Through the two-station method on 10-year teleseismic Rayleigh wave data from 132 permanent stations in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau,which incorporates ambient noise data,we obtain the interstation phase velocity dispersion data in the period range of 5–150s.Then,we invert for the shear wave velocity of the crust and upper mantle through the direct 3-D inversion method.We find two low-velocity belts in the mid-lower crust.One belt is mainly in the SongPan-GangZi block and northwestern part of the Chuan-Dian diamond block,whereas the other belt is mainly in the Xiaojiang fault zone and its eastern part,the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.The low-velocity belt in the Xiaojiang fault zone is likely caused by plastic deformation or partial melting of felsic rocks due to crustal thickening.Moreover,the significant positive radial anisotropy(VSH>VSV)around the Xiaojiang fault zone further enhances the amplitude of low velocity anomaly in our VSVmodel.This crustal low-velocity zone also extends southward across the Red River fault and farther to northern Vietnam,which may be closely related to heat sources in the upper mantle.The two low-velocity belts are separated by a high-velocity zone near the Anninghe-Zemuhe fault system,which is exactly in the inner and intermediate zones of the Emeishan large igneous province(ELIP).We find an obvious high-velocity body situated in the crust of the inner zone of the ELIP,which may represent maficultramafic material that remained in the crust when the ELIP formed.In the upper mantle,there is a large-scale low-velocity anomaly in the Indochina and South China blocks south of the Red River fault.The low-velocity anomaly gradually extends northward along the Xiaojiang fault zone into the Yangtze Craton as depth increases.Through our velocity model,we think that southeastern Tibet is undergoing three different tectonic modes at the same time:(1)the upper crust is rigid,and as a result,the tectonic mode is mainly rigid block extrusion controlled by large strike-slip faults;(2)the viscoplastic materials in the middlelower crust,separated by rigid materials related to the ELIP,migrate plastically southward under the control of the regional stress field and fault systems;and(3)the upper mantle south of the Red River fault is mainly controlled by large-scale asthenospheric upwelling and may be closely related to lithospheric delamination and the eastward subduction and retreat of the Indian plate beneath Burma.

Evidence for glaciation predating MIS-6 in the eastern Nyainqêntanglha Range, southeastern Tibet

Southeastern Tibet is one of the most glaciated regions on the Tibetan Plateau both at present and during the Quaternary. Numerical dating of glacial deposits has allowed the establishment of a provisional chronology of Quaternary glacial fluctuations in this region, with the oldest glaciation(Guxiang Glaciation) occurring in marine oxygen isotope stage 6(MIS-6).During our recent field investigations, a morphostratigraphically older lateral moraine than that of the Guxiang Glaciation has been first identified, which is ~500–600 m above the Guxiang Glaciation moraine and discontinuously preserved on valley shoulders in the Bodui Zangbo River valley, eastern Nyainqêntanglha Range in southeastern Tibet. Considering the moraine is best preserved at Nitong Village, here we name the glacier advance which deposited the moraine as "Nitong Glaciation". Using electron spin resonance(ESR) technique, we dated the Nitong Glaciation moraine to 506.3±60.4 ka. Taking into account the age error and climatic conditions, we consider it most likely that the Nitong Glaciation occurred during MIS-12, although it might had happened sometime earlier.

Joint Inversion of the 3D P Wave Velocity Structure of the Crust and Upper Mantle under the Southeastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau Using Regional Earthquake and Teleseismic Data

The special seismic tectonic environment and frequent seismicity in the southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau show that this area is an ideal location to study the present tectonic movement and background of strong earthquakes in China's Mainland and to predict future strong earthquake risk zones. Studies of the structural environment and physical characteristics of the deep structure in this area are helpful to explore deep dynamic effects and deformation field characteristics, to strengthen our understanding of the roles of anisotropy and tectonic deformation and to study the deep tectonic background of the seismic origin of the block＇s interior. In this paper, the three-dimensional （3D） P-wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle under the southeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is obtained via observational data from 224 permanent seismic stations in the regional digital seismic network of Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces and from 356 mobile China seismic arrays in the southern section of the north-south seismic belt using a joint inversion method of the regional earthquake and teleseismic data. The results indicate that the spatial distribution of the P-wave velocity anomalies in the shallow upper crust is closely related to the surface geological structure, terrain and lithology. Baoxing and Kangding, with their basic volcanic rocks and volcanic clastic rocks, present obvious high-velocity anomalies. The Chengdu Basin shows low-velocity anomalies associated with the Quaternary sediments. The Xichang Mesozoic Basin and the Butuo Basin are characterised by low- velocity anomalies related to very thick sedimentary layers. The upper and middle crust beneath the Chuan-Dian and Songpan-Ganzi Blocks has apparent lateral heterogeneities, including low-velocity zones of different sizes. There is a large range of low-velocity layers in the Songpan-Ganzi Block and the sub-block northwest of Sichuan Province, showing that the middle and lower crust is relatively weak. The Sichuan Basin, which is located in the western margin of the Yangtze platform, shows high-velocity characteristics. The results also reveal that there are continuous low-velocity layer distributions in the middle and lower crust of the Daliangshan Block and that the distribution direction of the low-velocity anomaly is nearly SN, which is consistent with the trend of the Daliangshan fault. The existence of the low-velocity layer in the crust also provides a deep source for the deep dynamic deformation and seismic activity of the Daliangshan Block and its boundary faults. The results of the 3D P-wave velocity structure show that an anomalous distribution of high-density, strong-magnetic and high-wave velocity exists inside the crust in the Panxi region. This is likely related to late Paleozoic mantle plume activity that led to a large number of mafic and ultra-mafic intrusions into the crust. In the crustal doming process, the massive intrusion of mantle-derived material enhanced the mechanical strength of the crustal medium. The P-wave velocity structure also revealed that the upper mantle contains a low-velocity layer at a depth of 80-120 km in the Panxi region. The existence of deep faults in the Panxi region, which provide conditions for transporting mantle thermal material into the crust, is the deep tectonic background for the area＇s strong earthquake activity.

基于加权信息量和加权确定性系数的藏东南滑坡易发性评价

藏东南地区属高原地区,山势险峻,复杂的地形地貌诱发地质灾害的发生,加大工程建设的难度。为分析研究区滑坡灾害的易发性,选取8个评价因子(与道路距离、与水系距离、高程、坡度、坡向、工程地质岩组、土壤类型、地表覆盖)为量化指标,以层次分析法确定权重值,同时借助ArcGIS得到加权信息量模型和加权确定性系数(certainty fator,CF)模型,对比选取准确度高的滑坡灾害评价模型,运用受试者特征曲线(receiver operate curve,ROC)验证结果准确性。研究结果如下:①加权CF模型的受试者特征工作曲线下的面积(area under receiver operating characteristic curve,AUC)值高于加权信息量模型AUC值,加权CF模型结果覆盖滑坡点多于加权信息量模型,研究区滑坡易发性评价选取加权CF模型分析结果更加准确;②加权CF模型将研究区滑坡易发性评价结果划分为高易发区、较高易发区、中高易发区、较低易发区、低易发区,其中高易发区主要分布在墨脱县和贡觉县,较高易发区分布在卡若区、芒康县,中高易发区分布在类乌齐县、丁青县、江达县,较低、低易发区分布在巴宜区和朗县等。滑坡易发区的划分可为该区域的工程建设提供决策依据。

Spatial pattern analysis and associations of different growth stages of populations of Abies georgei var.smithii in Southeast Tibet,China

Abies georgei var.smithii is an important plant species in Southeast Tibet,China.It has high ecological value in terms of biodiversity protection,as well as soil and water conservation.We analyzed the spatial pattern and associations of A.georgei var.smithii populations at different growth stages by using Ripley's L function for point pattern analysis.The diameter structure was a nearly reverse 'J' shape.The amount of saplings and medium-sized trees accounts for a large part of the entire population,suggesting a high regeneration rate and an expanding population.In the transition from saplings to medium trees or to large trees,saplings show a significant aggregation distribution at small scales,while medium trees and large trees show a random distribution.There are significant inverse associations between saplings and medium trees and large trees at small scales,while there are no obvious associations between medium trees and large trees.The natural regeneration was affected by interspecific competition,and it was also affected by intraspecific competition.The joint effects of biological characteristics and environmental factors contribute to the spatial distribution pattern and associations of this A.georgei var.sm ithii population.

青藏高原东南缘自然地理对铁路交通廊道提出的挑战

位于青藏高原东南缘的川藏交通廊道将面临极其复杂的工程环境,全线复杂结构桥梁、超长深埋隧道众多、长大坡道客货共线运行,使其安全高效建设和长期稳定运营面临巨大挑战。首先阐释青藏高原东南缘地形地貌、气候环境、新构造活动以及自然灾害等方面的特征与规律;深入分析高原东南缘独特自然地理对川藏交通廊道提出的挑战及应对策略;最后提出如何改进和强化轨道结构来应对面临的挑战。研究结果表明:①沿线区域大地貌格局以高山峡谷为主体,具山高、坡陡、谷深的险峻地形和极致地貌景观;②沿线各地具有气候垂直分带明显和区域差异大等特点,灾害性天气如雷暴、冰雹、大风、大雪及暴雨频现;③沿线行经青藏高原周缘挤压转换造山带以及向东和南东方向“逃逸”的侧向挤出地体群,区域断裂构造极为发育,断裂活动性强,具有强构造应力和高地热;④沿线区域为高灾害风险区,尤以强震、地震滑坡、高位远程滑坡、冰湖溃决以及大型滑坡堵江事件等致灾因子危险性高;⑤建议采取增加钢轨重量和采用合金轨、强化无缝线路结构稳定性以及轮轨系统动力学性能合理匹配等措施改进和强化现行轨道结构。

1981-2022年藏东南4种界限温度时空变化

基于1981—2022年藏东南(林芝市)4个气象站点的日平均气温数据,采用线性倾向估计、Person系数、Mann-Kendall检验、优势主导分析等方法,分析了藏东南≥0℃、≥5℃、≥10℃和≥15℃共4种界限温度的时空变化特征。结果表明:(1)受海拔影响,藏东南4种积温总体呈自东南向西北递减的变化特征,各地≥0℃、≥5℃、≥10℃和≥15℃积温分别介于3161.4~4429.9℃·d、2869.2~4018.0℃·d、2273.3~3258.0℃·d和608.8~2133.2℃·d。(2)近42 a藏东南4种界限温度均呈初日提前、终日推迟、持续日数延长的趋势,≥10℃界限温度变幅最小,除初日外,≥15℃界限温度变幅最大。≥0℃和≥5℃持续日数的延长主要是初日提前引起的,≥10℃与≥15℃持续日数的增加主要是终日推迟导致的。4种积温均表现出极显著的增加趋势,增幅分别为123.81℃·d/10 a、136.71℃·d/10 a、76.22℃·d/10 a、166.43℃·d/10 a。(3)年代际变化上,4种积温具有明显的逐年代际增加态势。21世纪10年代是研究时段内最温暖的10 a,这一时期的4种积温比20世纪80年代增加了174.9~437.2℃·d,其中≥15℃积温增幅最大。除≥10℃外,20世纪80—90年代初日推迟、终日提早、持续日数缩短,而21世纪前20 a则截然相反。(4)M-K检验显示,≥10℃初日、终日未发生气候突变,其他界限温度指标发生突变时间多在2004年前后。

雪崩的监测研究综述

雪崩是藏东南地区非常严重的一种自然灾害,准确且及时地监测并获得雪崩活动信息在雪崩灾害的减灾防灾中发挥着最为重要的作用。雪崩活动的监测包括实地监测和遥感监测两种基本类型,其中实地监测可以采取雪体试验、定点长期监测和次声地震波三种方法,不同方法相互印证会取得更好的监测效果。近年来随着摄影测量及航空航天科技的发展,遥感监测在雪崩的灾害管理、预测预警以及工程防治中的作用也愈加重要。与实地观测和定点监测相比,雪崩的遥感监测不直接接触不稳定性积雪,所以安全性更高。雪崩的遥感监测采用光学、激光和雷达三种传感器,搭载在地面、航空或者卫星平台之上,可以对不同空间尺度的雪崩进行临时或连续性观测。不同的传感器及平台都有各自的优势和局限性,在实际的雪崩监测中需根据成本、可到达性以及观测目标等因素灵活应用。大范围雪崩的自动监测及其算法问题依然是雪崩遥感监测的难点。藏东南是湿雪雪崩的高发地区,可以采用实地观测和高分辨率的RS-2U雷达影像相结合的方法进行长期监测,并采用哨兵-1号、SPOT或QuickBird光学影像进行验证。波密嘎隆拉隧道附近是藏东南雪崩的高发区,又是连接波密县和墨脱县的主要公路,适合建设固定的雪崩观测站进行长期观测。

不同土地利用方式对藏东南典型草原土壤真菌群落的影响

探究不同土地利用方式对土壤真菌群落的影响可为藏东南典型草原合理利用提供理论依据。本试验选取青稞农田(HC)、垂穗披碱草人工草地(EAG)和围封草地(EG)为研究对象,以未开垦天然草地(NG)为对照,采用高通量测序技术分析真菌群落特征变化。结果表明:与对照相比,HC、EAG和EG样地土壤有机质、全氮、硝态氮和速效磷含量显著升高;HC和EAG样地真菌群落香农指数显著降低。各样地差异标志物种数量变化排序为HC(9个)>EAG(6个)=EG(6个)>NG(4个)。土壤容重、pH值、有机质和全氮含量与真菌群落多样性变化密切相关。有机质、全氮、铵态氮、速效钾和pH值是真菌门水平组成的主要影响因子;属水平为土壤pH值、铵态氮、容重、有机质和全氮含量。因此,草原开垦为农田和人工草地后长期利用有利于土壤养分含量提升,围封技术适合高寒草地生态保护与利用。

基于137Cs示踪法的青藏高原东南部土壤侵蚀状况

选取青藏高原东南部作为研究区域,根据流域从西到东划分为5个区域,通过野外采集43个表土样测量137Cs比活度、粒径、总有机碳(TOC)等指标,分析该区域的土壤侵蚀状况及其影响因素。结果表明,各样点的137Cs比活度为0~23.75 Bq/kg,平均为10.48 Bq/kg,小于背景值43.7 Bq/kg,所有样点处均发生侵蚀;所有区域均发生轻度侵蚀,区域三的侵蚀模数最大,为16.3 t(/hm^(2)·年),区域五的侵蚀模数最小,为7.8 t(/hm^(2)·年);研究区域内,侵蚀厚度随坡度的增加先增大后减小,在坡度为18°附近侵蚀厚度最大;侵蚀厚度与多年平均降水量、风速、植被覆盖度间无显著相关性;林地土壤的侵蚀厚度与TOC间存在显著的负相关性(P<0.05),草甸土壤处二者的负相关性不显著。

2001~2021年藏东南山桃花期变化及其气候影响因子分析

基于2001~2021年林芝山桃花期物候和逐日平均气温(Tm)、最高气温(Tmax)、最低气温(Tmin)、气温日较差(DTR)、相对湿度(RH)、降水量(Pr)和日照时数(S)等资料,采用线性倾向估计法、Pearson相关系数和逐步回归方法等,分析了山桃花期的变化规律以及影响的主导气候因子,并建立了花期预测模型。结果表明:(1)2001~2021年藏东南山桃除开花末期呈推迟趋势(2.68 d/10a)外,其他花期物候均趋于提前,平均每10 a提前0.65~7.27 d,其中花芽膨大期提前最多,开花始期提前最少。花期长度呈显著的延长趋势,延长率为3.32 d/10a。(2)花期生长季内Tm、Tmax均呈弱升温趋势,而Tmin无变化,DTR增幅不大,≥0℃积温显著增加,S增加不显著,而RH、Pr都在减少。(3)山桃开花前,影响花期物候的主要因子是RH或Pr,而开花后Tm的影响占主导地位。若2月Tm每升高(降低)1℃,山桃开花始期、盛期将分别提早(推迟)3.45 d和4.27 d。(4)山桃花期预测模型的预测精准度为96.6%~97.1%。

藏东南地区水土流失及其生态风险评估

【目的】分析藏东南地区水土流失时空演变特征,进行水土流失生态风险综合评估,以期为藏东南地区水土流失防控工作提供理论依据和科学指导。【方法】采用USLE模型对研究区2014、2017和2020年土壤侵蚀模数和水土流失敏感性指数进行估算;然后基于降水、土壤、植被覆盖、敏感性指数等指标,对藏东南地区水土流失生态风险进行综合评估。【结果】(1)藏东南地区整体土壤侵蚀模数相对较低,土壤侵蚀等级主要以微度侵蚀和轻度侵蚀为主,二者面积约占研究区面积的95%;在时间尺度上,微度侵蚀区域呈现逐渐发展为轻度侵蚀区的趋势。(2)2014-2020年,区域水土流失敏感性指数最高值在3.0左右波动,2017年有所上升,2020年又小幅回落,整体上数值变化不大;高值区主要分布在高山冰雪覆盖地带,低值区主要分布在高植被覆盖区域。(3)区域水土流失生态风险指数在1.2~4.2之间,高风险区主要分布在研究区西南部亚热带雨林区域,低值主要分布在研究区东北部高原草甸区域。水土流失风险等级整体上处于波动变化,但需要注意的是高度危险区域面积占比呈逐渐扩大趋势。【结论】藏东南地区水土流失情况整体处于较低水平,西南和东北两个区域水土保持效果较好,然而,研究区西南部区域水土流失生态风险指数处于较高水平,故这些区域仍需要做好水土保持防护工作,保障区域生态环境安全。研究区西北至东南区域水土保持效果相对较差,需要加强水土流失治理工作,进行植被恢复或采取水土保持工程措施。

青藏高原东南缘盐源—宁蒗盆地的三维大地电磁成像及对油气资源勘探的启示

盐源—宁蒗盆地位于青藏高原东南缘,沉积了志留系龙马溪组和泥盆系坡脚组两套富有机质页岩,为油气的富集成藏奠定了基本条件。然而,该盆地内的富有机质页岩层系的分布及岩体的发育情况不清楚,严重制约了该地区油气资源前景的认识。为此,作者在盐源—宁蒗盆地部署了网度为10km×20 km大地电磁测深工作,获得了高质量的大地电磁数据集,并利用三维反演构建了该盆地高精度的三维电性结构模型。在此基础上.

小江断裂带第四纪晚期左旋走滑速率及其构造意义

位于中国西南的小江 (Xiaojiang)断裂带作为康定 (Kangding)断裂带的南段 ,在青藏块体向SE方向挤出的过程中起着重要的作用。根据断错地貌以及这些断错地貌14 C年代或热释光年代 ,推算了小江断裂带第四纪晚期的左旋走滑速率。小江断裂带可以分为 3段 ,其中段由平行的两条断层组成。西支断层和东支断层的左旋走滑速率分别为 7.0～ 9.0mm/ yr和 6 .0～ 7.5mm/yr。简单相加 ,就可以推算出小江 (Xiaojiang)断裂带总的左旋走滑速率为 13 0～ 16 5mm/ yr,与康定断裂带北段的鲜水河 (Xianshuihe)断层的走滑速率大致相当 ,约等于康定 (Kangding)断裂带中段的安宁河 (Anninghe)断层及则木河 (Zemuhe)断层的两倍。这个结果可能暗示了在康定断裂带中段 ,可能存在着其他断层以解消另外一半的滑动速率。最有可能的断层是位于康定断裂带中段以东几十公里的普雄河 -布拖 (Puxionghe Butuo)