Spatial-temporal distribution and geochemistry of highly evolved Mesozoic granites in Great Xing’an Range,NE China:Discriminant criteria and geological significance

Highly evolved granite is an important sign of the mature continent crust and closely associated with deposits of rare metals.In this work,the authors undertake systematically zircon U-Pb ages and whole rock elemental data for highly evolved granitic intrusions from the Great Xing’an Range(GXR),NE China,to elucidate their discriminant criteria,spatial-temporal distribution,differentiation and geodynamic mecha-nism.Geochemical data of these highly evolved granites suggest that high w(SiO_(2))(>70%)and differentiation index(DI>88)could be quantified indicators,while strong Eu depletion,high TE_(1,3),lowΣREE and low Zr/Hf,Nb/Ta,K/Rb could only be qualitative indicators.Zircon U-Pb ages suggest that the highly evolved gran-ites in the GXR were mainly formed in Late Mesozoic,which can be divided into two major stages:Late Ju-rassic-early Early Cretaceous(162-136 Ma,peak at 138 Ma),and late Early Cretaceous(136-106 Ma,peak at 126 Ma).The highly evolved granites are mainly distributed in the central-southern GXR,and display a weakly trend of getting younger from northwest to southeast,meanwhile indicating the metallogenic potential of rare metals within the central GXR.The spatial-temporal distribution,combined with regional geological data,indicates the highly evolved Mesozoic granites in the GXR were emplaced in an extensional environ-ment,of which the Late Jurassic-early Early Cretaceous extension was related to the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean and roll-back of the Paleo-Pacific Plate,while the late Early Cretaceous extension was mainly related to the roll-back of the Paleo-Pacific Plate.

Geochronology and Geochemistry of Early Cretaceous A-type Granites in Central-Eastern Inner Mongolia,China:Implications for Late Mesozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Southern Great Xing'an Range

The southern Great Xing'an Range is the most critical Sn-polymetallic metallogenic belt in northeast China.However,the tectonic setting of the Early Cretaceous magmatic-metallogenic”flare-up“event remains uncertain.This paper presents an integrated study on the occurrence,petrology,zircon U-Pb ages,whole-rock geochemistry,and in situ zircon Hf isotopes for Wenduerchagan granites of Xi Ujimqin Banner,central-eastern Inner Mongolia.These granites consist primarily of granite porphyry(with ages of 137±1 Ma and 138±1 Ma)and(porphyritic)alkali feldspar granite(with an age of 141±2 Ma),corresponding to the early Early Cretaceous.They are A-type granites characterized by high silicon,alkali,and TFeO/MgO contents while being depleted of Ba,Nb,Ta,Sr,P,and Ti.They show right-dipping trend rare-earth element distribution characteristics with negative Eu anomalies(Eu/Eu^(*)=0.01-0.20)and weak heavy rare-earth element fractionation((Gd/Yb)_(N)=0.77-2.30).They demonstrate homogeneous zircon Hf isotopic compositions(positiveε_(Hf)(t)values from+5.3 to+7.1 and young two-stage Hf model ages of 851-742 Ma)and high zircon saturation temperatures(av.810℃).These geochemical characteristics indicate that Wenduerchagan granites originated from the partial melting of juvenile crust under high-temperature and low-pressure conditions.Wenduerchagan granites most likely formed in a post-collisional compression-extension transition regime caused by the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean,when combined with regional geology.Such a transition regime can probably be attributed to the upwelling of the asthenospheric mantle caused by the break-off of a subducted Mongol-Okhotsk oceanic slab.Upwelling asthenospheric mantle provided sufficient energy and favorable tectonic conditions for magmatism and mineralization of the Early Cretaceous.

Zircon U-Pb geochronology,geochemistry and tectonic implication of volcanic rocks from Manketouebo Formation in Keyihe area of northern Great Xing'an Range

Zircon U-Pb isotope dating and whole-rock geochemical analyses were undertaken for the rhyolite,rhyolitic lithic crystal tuff and dacitic tuff from the Manketouebo Formation in the Keyihe area,in order to constrain their genesis and tectonic significance.Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb data indicate that the rhyolite and rhyolitic lithic crystal tuff were formed during 137±5 Ma and 143±1 Ma,respectively.These volcanic rocks have high SiO2(70.03%–76.46%)and K2O+Na2O(8.10%–9.52%)contents,but low CaO(0.03%–0.95%)and MgO(0.07%–0.67%)contents,which belong to the peraluminous and high-K calc-alkaline rocks.They are enriched in light rare earth elements(REEs),and exhibit fractionation of light over heavy REEs,withδEu values of 0.37–0.83.The volcanic rocks are enriched in LILEs(e.g.,Rb,U and K)and depleted in HFSEs(e.g.,Nb,Ti,P and Ta).The chemical composition suggests that these volcanic rocks formed by partial melting of crust material.Combined with previous regional research results,the authors consider that the volcanic rocks of the Manketouebo Formation in the Keyihe area were formed under an extensional environment related to the closure of the Mongolia–Okhotsk Ocean.

Felsic Igneous Rocks in the Hua'aobaote Pb-Zn-Ag Polymetallic Orefield,Southern Great Xing'an Range:Genesis,Metallogenetic and Tectonic Significance

The Hua’aobaote Pb-Zn-Ag Polymetallic orefield is situated in the southern section of the Great Xing’an Range(GXAR),which has experienced extensive magmatism.Since the Paleozoic,there are two stages of magmatism in Hua’aobaote orefield occurred in the Paleozoic and Mesozoic.The Mesozoic magmatism is of great significance for the PbZn-Ag Polymetallic mineralization in Hua’aobaote orefield.In this study,new geochemical data was obtained to discuss the timing and petrogenesis of the magmatic rocks and its geodynamic and metallogenic significance.Zircon U-Pb ages reveal that the felsic igneous rocks from the Hua’aobaote orefield were formed in the Early Permian(294.8±3.2 Ma)and Early Cretaceous(132.6±1.4 Ma).Geochemically,the Early Permian granodiorite porphyrite is characterized by high Sr/Y(42-63)ratios and Mg^(#)(62.24-70.74)values and low heavy rare earth element(HREE)(5.09-6.79 ppm)contents.The granodiorite porphyrite is also characterized by depleted Sr-Nd initial isotopic signatures[ε_(Nd)(t)=5.91-7.59,(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)i=0.7029-0.7030],exhibiting adakitic characteristics.The Early Cretaceous granite porphyry and rhyolite are A-type felsic igneous rocks,and demonstrate high SiO_(2),Na_(2)O+K_(2)O and rare earth element(REE)contents,low CaO and MgO contents,low(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)i ratios(0.7044-0.7058),and positive ε_(Nd)(t)values(2.57-4.65).Whole-rock Pb isotopic compositions in granodiorite porphyrite are:206Pb/204Pb=17.631-18.149,^(207)Pb/^(204)Pb=15.422-15.450,and ^(208)Pb/^(204)Pb=37.325-37.729.The granite porphyry and rhyolite have initial ^(206)Pb/^(204)Pb,^(207)Pb/^(204)Pb,and ^(208)Pb/^(204)Pb ratios of 18.106-19.309,15.489-15.539,and 37.821-38.05,respectively.Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic evidence suggests that the Early Permian granodiorite porphyrite is likely to derive from slab melts and modified by peridotitic mantle wedge in the subduction tectonic setting of the Paleo-Asian Ocean.The Early Cretaceous A-type felsic igneous rocks were derived from juvenile lower crust,accompanied by limited crustal contamination and various degree of fractional crystallisation during magma emplacement.The Early Cretaceous magmatism and related mineralization were formed in a post-orogenic tectonic setting that attributed to the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean.Pb isotopic data for the various rock units in the study area indicate that the Mesozoic magma source contributed substantial Pb,Zn,and Ag to the Hua’aobaote deposit.

Magmatic Evolution and Mineralization Process of the Super-Large Shihuiyao Rb–Nb–Ta Deposit,Southern Great Xing'an Range,China

Rare metal ore reserves are an important strategic resource, and their metallogenic mechanism and mineralization studies have also been received widespread international attention.

Geology, Mineralization, Fluid Inclusion and Stable Isotope of the Early Cretaceous Sn and Associated Metal Deposits in the Southern Great Xing’an Range, NE China: A Review

The Southern Great Xing’an Range(SGXR) hosts a number of Early Cretaceous Sn and associated metal deposits, which can be divided into three principal types according to their geological characteristics: skarn type deposits, porphyry type deposits and hydrothermal vein type deposits. Fluid inclusion assemblages of different types of deposits are quite different, which represent the complexities of metallogenic process and formation mechanism. CH4 and CO2 have been detected in fluid inclusions from some of deposits, indicating that the ore-forming fluids are affected by materials of Permian strata. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope data from ore minerals and associated gangue minerals indicate that the initial ore fluids were dominated by magmatic waters, some of which had clearly exchanged oxygen with wall rocks during their passage through the strata. The narrow range for the δ34S values presumably reflects the corresponding uniformity of the ore forming fluids, and these δ34S values have been interpreted to reflect magmatic sources for the sulfur. The comparation between lead isotope ratios of ore minerals and different geological units’ also reveals that deeply seated magma has been a significant source of lead in the ores.

Geochemical Characteristics and Geological Significance of Early Permian Baya'ertuhushuo Gabbro in South Great Xing'an Range

Field geological investigation and geochemical analysis are carried out on Baya＇ertuhushuo Gabbro in South Great Xing＇an Range. Field investigation reveals that the gabbro is a magmatic intrusion rather than a component of an ophiolite suite as previously thought. Zircon laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy （LA-ICP-MS） U-Pb dating indicates the gabbro was formed in 274-275 Ma, just as the widespread volcanic rocks of Dashizhai Formation （P1d）, monzogranites and miarolitic alkali-feldspar granites in the study area. The gabbro has SiO2 content between 47.23 wt% and 50.17 wt%, high MgO and FeOT contents of 6.95-11.29 wt% and 7.32- 12.24wt%, respectively, and it belongs to low-K tholeiitic series in the SiO2-K2O diagram. The Chondrite-normalized rare earth element （REE） patterns and primitive mantle-normalized spider diagrams of the gabbro are similar to those of Normal Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt （N-MORB） except for the enrichment of large ion lithophfle elements （LILE）, such as Rb, Ba and K. In trace element tectonic discriminative diagrams, the samples are mainly plotted in the N-MORB field, and Zircon in situ Lu-Hf isotopic analysis also indicates the gabbro originated from depleted mantle. Through synthetic studies of the geochemical characteristics and petrogenesis of Baya＇ertuhushuo gabbro, volcanic rocks of Dashizhai Formation and granitoids in the area, it is suggested that the early Permian magmatism in the Xilinhot-Xiwuqi area formed in the tectonic setting of asthenosphere upwelling, which was caused by breaking-off of the subducted Paleo-Asian Ocean slab.

Early Cretaceous Adakitic Rocks in the Northern Great Xing’an Range, NE China: Implications for the Final Closure of Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean and Regional Extensional Setting

A large amount of igneous rocks in NE China formed in an extensional setting during Late Mesozoic. However, there is still controversy about how the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean and the Paleo-Pacific Ocean effected the lithosphere in NE China. In this paper, we carried out a comprehensive study for andesites from the Keyihe area using LA-ICP-MS zircon UPb dating and geochemical and Hf isotopic analysis to investigate the petrogenesis and tectonic setting of these andesites. The U-Pb dating yields an Early Cretaceous crystallization age of 128.3±0.4 Ma. Geochemically, the andesites contain high Sr(686-930 ppm) and HREE contents, low Y(11.9-19.8 ppm) and Yb(1.08-1.52 ppm) contents, and they therefore have high Sr/Y(42-63) and La/Yb(24-36) ratios, showing the characteristics of adakitic rocks. Moreover, they exhibit high K2O/Na2O ratios(0.57-0.81), low Mg O contents(0.77-3.06 wt%), low Mg# value(17-49) and negative εHf(t) values(-1.7 to-8.5) with no negative Eu anomalies, indicating that they are not related to the oceanic plate subduction. Based on the geochemical and isotopic data provided in this paper and regional geological data, it can be concluded that the Keyihe adakitic rocks were affected by the Mongol-Okhotsk tectonic regime, forming in a transition setting from crustal thickening to regional extension thinning. They were derived from the partial melting of the thickened lower crust. The closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean may finish in early Early Cretaceous, followed by the collisional orogenic process. The southern part region of its suture belt was in a post-orogenic extensional setting in the late Early Cretaceous.

Recognition of Early Paleozoic Magmatisms in the Supposed Proterozoic Basements of Zhalantun, Great Xing’an Range, NE China

The Zhalantun terrane from the Xing’an massif, northeast China, was used to be considered as Proterozoic basements. However, amounts of detrital zircon ages from the meta-sedimentary rocks deny the existence of Precambrian basements recently. Notably, magmatic rocks were barely reported to limit the exact ages of the Zhalantun basements. In this study, we collected rhyolite, gabbro and quartz diorite for zircon in-situ U-Pb isotopic dating, which yield crystallization ages of ~505 Ma, ~447 Ma and ~125 Ma, respectively. Muscovite schist and siltstone define maximum depositional ages of ~499 Ma and ~489 Ma, respectively. Additionally, these dated supracrustal rocks and plutons also yield ancient detrital/xenocryst zircon ages of ~600-1000 Ma, ~1600-2220 Ma, ~2400 Ma, ~2600-2860 Ma. Based on the whole-rock major and trace element compositions, the ~505 Ma rhyolites display high SiO2 and alkaline contents, low Fe2O3T, TiO2 and Al2O3, and relatively high Mg O and Mg#, which exhibit calc-alkaline characteristics. These rhyolites yield fractionated REE patterns and negative Nb, Ta, Ti, Sr, P and Eu anomalies and positive Zr anomalies. The geochemistry, petrology and Lu-Hf isotopes imply that rhyolites were derived from the partial melting of continental basalt induced by upwelling of sub-arc mantle magmas, and then experienced fractional crystallization of plagioclase, which points to a continental arc regime. The ~447 Ma gabbros exhibit low Si O2 and alkaline contents, high Fe2 O3 T, Ti O2, Mg O and Mg#. They show minor depletions of La and Ce, flat MREE and HREE patterns, and negative Nb, Ta, Zr and Hf anomalies. Both sub-arc mantle and N-MORB-like mantle were involved in the formation of the gabbros, indicative of a probable back-arc basin tectonic setting. Given that, the previously believed Proterozoic supracrustal rocks and several plutons from the Zhalantun Precambrian basements were proved to be Paleozoic to Mesozoic rocks, among which these Paleozoic magmatic rocks were generally related to subduction regime. So far, none Proterozoic rocks have been identified from the Zhalantun Precambrian basement, though some ~600-3210 Ma ancient detrital/xenocryst zircons were reported. Combined with ancient zircon ages and newly reported ~2.5 Ga and ~1.8 Ga granites from the south of the Zhalantun, therefore, the Precambrian rocks probably once exposed in the Zhalantun while they were re-worked and consumed during later long tectonic evolutionary history, resulting in absence of Precambrian rocks in the Zhalantun.

New Discovery of the Late Triassic Terrigenous Sediments in the Great Xing＇＇an Range Region,NE China and its Geological Significance

Objective The Great Xing＇an Range is located in the eastern section of Central Asian Orogenic Belt（CAOB）.As a superposed position of multiple tectonic domains,its structural evoIlution has always been a focused issue of geological research.

The Cu-Mo Mineralization of the Late Jurassic Porphyry in the Northern Great Xing'an Range: Constraints from Zircon U-Pb Ages of the Ore-Causative Granites

The Great Xing’an Range(GXAR)is one of the most important metallogenic belts in China.Previous study has shown that porphyry Cu-Mo deposit distributed in the northern Great Xing’an Range formed mainly in two stages:(1)Early Ordovician,such as Duobaoshan and Tongshan deposits(Liu et al.,2017);2)Triassic-Early Jurassic,including Wunugetushan,Taipingchuan and Badaguan deposits(Tang et al.,2016).In recent years,two potential porphyry Cu-Mo deposits,Huoluotai and Xiaokele,were discovered in the Erguna Block,northern GXAR(Figs.1a–b).However,the ore formation ages and regional metallogenic regularity are ambiguous due to the lack of isotopic ages.Two zircon U-Pb ages from the ore-causative granites were reported in this paper,with the aims to constrain the metallogenic ages and provide evidence for study of the regional metallogenic regularity and ore prospect prediction.

Zircon Hf Isotope Mapping for Understanding Crustal Architecture and Its Controls on Mineralization during Early Cretaceous in the Southern Great Xing'an Range,NE China

Voluminous Early Cretaceous granitoids and associated large-scale ore deposits are distributed within the southern Great Xing'an Range(SGXR),NE China.Based on previously published geochronology and zircon Hf-isotope data,Hf isotope mapping is undertaken to improve our understanding of crustal architecture and its controls on ore deposits.The ore-related Early Cretaceous granitoids were sourced predominantly from juvenile crust,with the involvement of variable proportions of ancient crustal materials.The crustal architecture,as inferred from Hf isotopic contour maps,indicates two distinct Hf isotopic domains in SGXR,including(1)a higher-ε_(Hf)(+7 to+11)juvenile crust containing minor ancient crustal material,and(2)a lower-ε_(Hf)(+2 to+6)juvenile crust containing a greater proportion of ancient crustal materials.The Hf isotopic maps identify links between crustal architecture and regional metallogeny.Copper deposits and other deposits with significant Cu production are restricted mainly to the higher-ε_(Hf)juvenile crustal regions in the northern and eastern SGXR.Deposits dominated by other metals(e.g.,Mo,Sn,W,Pb,Zn,and Ag)occur mainly in the lower-ε_(Hf)juvenile crustal regions in the southern and western SGXR.Interaction between juvenile crust-derived melts and ancient crustal components played an important role on the distribution of various ore metals.

大兴安岭南段北大山岩体的年代学和地球化学:对岩石成因及成矿潜力的指示

大兴安岭南段发育包括维拉斯托、黄岗、安乐、大井、毛登和边家大院等锡多金属矿床,是我国北方最重要的锡多金属成矿带。北大山岩体是该锡多金属成矿带规模最大,出露最完全的花岗质侵入体,其北部主要为石英二长斑岩,南部为黑云母花岗岩,且南部岩相中常见电气石和绿柱石,被认为是区内锡多金属矿床的成矿母岩。然而,目前对该岩体岩石成因及其稀有金属成矿潜力的认识却存在较大争议。本文在对北大山岩体开展岩相学观察和锆石U-Pb定年的基础上,通过全岩地球化学和锆石Hf同位素分析,结合MELTS热力学模拟计算,试图阐明该岩体的成因类型、源区特征和演化过程,并讨论其成矿潜力。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,北大山岩体北部的石英二长斑岩形成于143.4±1.3Ma,南部黑云母花岗岩形成于142.6±1.3Ma,与大兴安岭南段早白垩世锡多金属成矿年龄峰值相一致。北大山岩体中含自形富水矿物角闪石及黑云母、富碱(K_(2)O+Na_(2)O=8.58%~9.34%)、ACNK/CNK值介于0.97~1.02,P_(2)O_(5)含量低(<0.14%)且与SiO_(2)含量呈负相关,指示该岩体为高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩。岩体的锆石Hf同位素组成较为亏损(ε_(Hf)(t)值平均6.81,n=20),且全岩锆饱和温度较高(平均值为813℃),指示其为新生地壳物质高温熔融的产物。主量元素变化关系和MELTS模拟结果表明,北大山岩体为高钾钙碱性岩浆体系不同程度分离结晶的产物,其中北部石英二长斑岩样品之间结晶分异程度较低,而南部黑云母花岗岩的结晶分异程度较高。北大山岩体的形成时代、源区特征和氧化还原条件(△FMQ-2.5)与大兴安岭南段稀有金属花岗岩类似,具有一定的锡多金属成矿潜力,但其初融温度、挥发分组成(相对富B贫F)、分异演化程度(结晶分异和熔体-流体相互作用程度相对较低)明显不同于维拉斯托矿床成矿碱长花岗斑岩,不会是该矿床的成矿母岩。

大兴安岭中南段哈力黑坝岩体的年代学、地球化学及其构造拆沉作用

【研究目的】在区域地质调查基础上,本文探讨了大兴安岭中南段哈力黑坝岩体早白垩世花岗岩成岩年代、岩石成因类型、源区性质及地球动力学背景。【研究方法】本文基于显微镜、XRF和(LA-)ICP-MS等手段对哈力黑坝岩体早白垩世花岗岩进行了岩相学、锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及Hf同位素组成研究。【研究结果】哈力黑坝早白垩世花岗岩主要包括中细粒黑云母花岗岩和细粒斑状黑云母花岗岩,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果分别为(139.1±0.7)Ma和(138.4±1.0)Ma。岩石主量元素具有高硅(74.09%~77.19%)、富碱(7.92%~8.46%),低CaO(0.35%~1.14%)和低MgO(0.15%~0.47%)的特征,属高钾钙碱性系列;其A/CNK值介于0.95~1.08,为准铝质—弱过铝质岩石。岩石相对富集轻稀土元素,(La/Yb)N=3.69~13.17,稀土配分模式图呈右倾海鸥型,具有较为明显的负铕异常(δEu=0.11~0.47)。岩石微量元素组成显示岩石富集Rb、U、Th、Zr、Hf等元素,强烈亏损Sr、Ba、Ti、P等元素。岩石具有高正的ε_(Hf)(t)值(+5.0~+11.2)和年轻的二阶段Hf模式年龄(408~731 Ma)。【结论】哈力黑坝岩体早白垩世花岗岩为铝质A型花岗岩,其源区主要为年轻地壳物质,并有老地壳物质的贡献,形成于伸展的大地构造背景,受控于岩石圈拆沉减薄过程。

大兴安岭北段霍洛台地区辉绿玢岩的锆石U-Pb年龄、岩石成因和构造背景

对于大兴安岭北段中生代火成岩的研究,在中酸性花岗岩和火山岩等方面已有诸多成果,相比之下,对于该区中生代基性岩浆岩具体的形成时代和岩石成因仍不明确。而且,大兴安岭北段晚侏罗世-早白垩世的构造背景也存在争议。为此,本文对大兴安岭北段霍洛台地区辉绿玢岩进行了锆石U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学特征研究,以达到进一步明确大兴安岭北段晚中生代基性岩浆岩的形成时代、岩石成因及其构造背景的目的。结果表明:霍洛台地区辉绿玢岩锆石的加权平均年龄为(129.1±1.3) Ma,属于早白垩世;辉绿玢岩稀土元素配分曲线为平坦型,Eu异常不明显;富集大离子亲石元素(如Ba、Sr),亏损高场强元素(如Th、Ce、Ti)。霍洛台辉绿玢岩可能起源于俯冲流体交代的岩石圈地幔源区,其形成可能受到了古太平洋板块俯冲作用的影响。

大兴安岭南段不同退化程度草甸草原植物群落结构与物种多样性

【目的】探究大兴安岭南段草甸草原退化过程中植物群落结构及多样性的变化规律。【方法】采用样方法对大兴安岭南段不同退化程度草甸草原植被群落结构和物种组成进行调查分析,并计算重要值和多样性指数,研究其物种多样性变化。【结果】1)研究区植物共22科52属61种,植物种类主要集中在禾本科、菊科、莎草科、蔷薇科、豆科。2)随着退化程度的加剧,植物种类,群落的生物量、高度、盖度、Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数显著降低。3)狼毒(Stellera chamaejasme)在群落中的重要值逐渐增加,形成狼毒型退化草地。【结论】随着大兴安岭南段草甸草原退化程度加重,群落结构趋向单一,多样性逐渐降低,草地质量急剧下降,草地生态系统原有的稳定性被破坏。

开库康-依西肯地区原生晕地球化学特征及找矿意义

为指导水系沉积物测量等化探异常的解释评价,分析成矿元素地球化学特征,评价主要地质单元含矿性,在开展1∶5万水系沉积物测量的同时系统采集了研究区内各地质单元原生晕样品,并对成矿元素进行了地球化学参数统计与对比研究。原生晕地球化学特征表明:区内以中低温热液成矿作用为主,找寻Au矿化或矿床希望较大,As、Sb等元素可作为指示元素;主要地质单元含矿性评价结果显示,研究区内上侏罗统二十二站组、下白垩统龙江组为区内成矿有利部位,主成矿元素为Au,Ag为伴生元素;水系与岩石样品对比分析表明,As、Sb、Mn、Mo 4种元素表现明显次生富集,Zn、Cu、Ti 3种元素明显贫化,在水系异常圈定时应适当提高、降低异常下限。

大兴安岭南段小孤山锡锌矿床锡石U-Pb年龄、流体包裹体和H-O-S-Pb同位素特征

毛登-小孤山地区是大兴安岭南段锡多金属成矿带代表性矿区,由小孤山锡锌矿床和毛登锡钼铋多金属矿床组成。小孤山矿床锡石U-Pb Tera-Wasserburg谐和年龄为134.8±1.9Ma,表明其形成于早白垩世。该矿床成矿过程可划分为4个阶段:锡石-黄铁矿-石英-电气石阶段(Ⅰ阶段)、锡石-黄铜矿-闪锌矿-石英-萤石阶段(Ⅱ阶段)、闪锌矿-方铅矿-石英-萤石阶段(Ⅲ阶段)、黄铁矿-石英-方解石阶段(Ⅳ阶段)。小孤山矿床主要发育富液两相包裹体(WL型)、富气两相包裹体(WG型)及含子矿物包裹体(S型)。Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ阶段均发育WL、WG和S型包裹体,Ⅳ阶段仅出现WL型包裹体。从Ⅰ至Ⅳ阶段流体包裹体均一温度/盐度分别为420-443℃/8.3%-52.0%NaCleqv、286-379℃/4.0%-40.2%NaCleqv、214-299℃/3.8%-36.1%NaCleqv、178-195℃/2.1%-3.3%NaCleqv,表明从早阶段到晚阶段成矿流体由高温高盐度向低温低盐度转化,且前三个阶段流体盐度波动大,暗示成矿流体发生了多次沸腾。矿床的δ18O水介于-2.6‰-11.0‰,δD介于-107‰--91‰,Ⅰ和Ⅱ阶段的成矿流体以岩浆水为主,Ⅲ阶段开始有大气降水的加入。硫化物的δ34SCDT值介于-3.3‰--0.6‰,206Pb/204Pb介于17.772-18.427,207Pb/204Pb介于15.482-15.679,208Pb/204Pb介于37.668-38.622,表明成矿物质来源于早白垩世花岗质岩浆。流体沸腾和降温是矿质沉淀的两种主要机制。

大兴安岭锂-铍-铌-钽等关键金属矿床类型、成矿规律与资源展望

大兴安岭地区是我国东部重要稀有金属成矿带之一,以发育大规模显生宙花岗岩和多期次叠合金属成矿作用为主要特征。稀有金属成矿作用主要发生在晚中生代,与高分异花岗岩密切相关。本文对大兴安岭地区锂铍铌钽矿床时空分布特征、成矿规律进行了系统总结,构筑了矿床成矿模型,指明了找矿方向,探讨了有待解决的若干重要科学问题。研究表明,大兴安岭锂铍铌钽矿床主要集中大兴安岭南段,锂、铌钽矿具有独立分布特点,而铍矿主要呈带状沿林西-甘珠尔庙断裂分布。矿化时代集中在150~130Ma之间,呈现出晚侏罗世铌钽矿化-早白垩世锂铍矿化的特征。锂铍铌钽矿床类型丰富,以花岗岩型为主,兼有火山岩型、碱性岩型、云英岩型和矽卡岩型矿化。本次研究认为大兴安岭地区具有良好的锂铍铌钽(锡钨)成矿潜力,不同矿化均与岩浆分异和后期热液交代作用相关,同时水-岩反应也会影响流体的组成和演化。岩浆流体出溶、地幔物质参与、流体溶蚀-再沉淀过程对锂铍铌钽成矿起到关键作用。未来重点勘查方向应关注与锡林郭勒杂岩体周边的高分异花岗岩有关的锂锡多金属,以及与大兴安岭火山岩和碱性岩有关的铍和铌钽矿化。

综合土壤和重砂测量在内蒙古扎鲁特旗坤得来扎拉格地区锡多金属找矿中的应用

为明确找矿方向,实现找矿突破,在坤得来扎拉格地区开展了1∶10000土壤地球化学测量和自然重砂测量,对土壤中W、Sn、Pb、Zn等10种元素的地球化学特征和自然重砂的重矿物特征进行了初步总结。利用相关分析对元素的共生组合关系进行了研究,显示区内地球化学元素组合为Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu和Sn-W-Mo-Bi,其中Sn富集分异最为强烈,Sn含量峰值大于300×10^(-6)。通过自然重砂测量查明了矿区内有锡石、石榴子石、钛铁矿、锆石等23种重矿物,并通过重矿物组合特征、锡石延伸系数和地质特征初步查明了矿区锡多金属矿的成因为热液脉型。最终结合元素地球化学特征、锡石分布组合特征和异常区内已发现的矿化线索,优选出了坤得来扎拉格Sn-W多金属找矿预测区和坤得来扎拉格南Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu-Sn多金属找矿预测区。