Occurrence and Chemical Control Techniques of Rice Black-streaked Dwarf Disease in Rongshui County

The chemical control technologies of southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease in hybrid rice were studied in Rongshui County,Guangxi,through a combination of investigation,observation and experiments.Three treatments were set up,namely,no water,shallow water and deep water,and each of which had a treatment area of 67 m^(2).Each treatment was sprayed once with 40 g of 200 million/g Bacillus subtilis wettable powder and 20-30 g of 25%pymetrozine wettable powder per 667 m^(2) in a mixture with 30 kg of water.On the day of spraying,100 diseased rice hills in each treatment were marked for field observation.The test results showed that the control of southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease should be done by draining the field water and spraying the mixture of B.subtilis and pymetrozine evenly,and a better effect can be achieved by keeping the field moist for 6-7 d after spraying.

Prevalence Characteristics of Rice Black-streaked Dwarf Virus Disease and Continuous Control Strategies

Through summarizing the prevalence characteristics of rice black-streaked dwarf virus disease(RBSDVD)in Linyi City of Shandong Province,this paper analyzed its prevalence is related to changes in farming and cultivation systems,the increase in the population of venomous Laodelphax striatellus Fallén and its own migration and spread,the poor disease resistance of cultivated varieties,and inadequate time of prevention and control.Besides,based on the practice of local control,it came up with some comprehensive control measures including strengthening monitoring,early warning and forecasting,planting resistant(tolerant)rice varieties according to local conditions,appropriately delaying the sowing(planting)period,supplemented by insect nets to cover seedlings,and making scientific use of chemical control.It is expected to provide a reference for the prevention and control of RBSDVD.

The Efficiency of Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus Transmission by the Vector Sogatella furcifera to Different Host Plant Species

Southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease is a new rice disease that severely affects rice production in South China.To understand transmission capacity of the vector Sogatella furcifera to Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus（SRBSDV） among different host plant species,potential host plants of SRBSDV collected from the diseased rice field and/or adjacent to the field in Hunan Province,China,were determined by RT-PCR,and the transmission rates of SRBSDV by S.furcifera among different host plant species were investigated.The results showed that host plants of SRBSDV in the rice fields were five of family Gramineae（Oryza sativa,Echinochloa crusgalli,Zea mays,Paspalum distichum,Alopecurus aequali） and two of family Cyperaceae（Juncellus serotinus and Cyperus difformis）.S.furcifera could not transmit SRBSDV between gramineous plants and cyperaceous plants,and could not transmit SRBSDV between the gramineous plants,J.serotinus and C.difformis as well.However,SRBSDV could be transmitted by S.furcifera within gramineous plants.S.furcifera could transmit SRBSDV between interspecies among three species plants（O.sativa,E.crusgalli and Z.mays）,and between P.distichum and A.aequali.At 15,20,25,30,and 35°C,both macropterous and brachypterous adult of S.furcifera could transmit SRBSDV from the plants（e.g.,E.crusgalli,Z.mays and O.sativa） infected with SRBSDV to rice seedlings.The transmission rates were first increased and then decreased with the increase of temperature.Macropterous adults transmitted SRBSDV from the viruliferous E.crusgalli,Z.may and rice plants to the healthy rice seedlings,and the infected rates of rice seedlings were 26.2,18.8 and 23.7% at 15°C,56.6,64.6 and 53.6% at 25°C,and was 11.2,10.2 and 7.3% at 35°C,respectively.Transmission capacity of brachypterous adults was significantly higher than that of macropterous adults at 15,20 and 25°C（P0.05）,while transmission capacity of brachypterous adults was relatively lower compared with that of macropterous ones at 35°C.These results offer evidence on the transmission of SRBSDV via the vector S.furcifer among different host plants,which can be helpful to control Southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease by the appropriate cultural measures in South China.

Molecular Characterization of Segments S7 to S10 of a Southern Rice Black-streaked Dwarf Virus Isolate from Maize in Northern China

Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) is a novel Fijivirus prevalent in rice in southern and central China,and northern Vietnam. Its genome has 10 segments of double-stranded RNA named S1 to S10 according to their size. An isolate of SRBSDV,JNi4,was obtained from naturally infected maize plants from Ji'ning,Shandong province,in the 2008 maize season. Segments S7 to S10 of JNi4 share nucleotide identities of 72.6%-73.1%,72.3%-73%,73.9%-74.5% and 77.3%-79%,respectively,with corresponding segments of Rice black-streaked dwarf virus isolates,and identities of 99.7%,99.1%-99.7%,98.9%-99.5%,and 98.6%-99.2% with those of SRBSDV isolates HN and GD. JNi4 forms a separate branch with GD and HN in the phylogenetic trees constructed with genomic sequences of S7 to S10. These results confirm the proposed taxonomic status of SRBSDV as a distinct species of the genus Fijivirus and indicate that JNi4 is an isolate of SRBSDV. Shandong is so far the northernmost region where SRBSDV is found in China.

Resistance of Major Rice Cultivars in Hangzhou Area of China against Southern Rice Black-streaked Dwarf Virus

Resistance of 17 major rice cultivars in Hangzhou region of China against southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus was tested in the paper. The results showed that the incidence rate of southern rice black-streWed dwarf virus had certain positive correlation with quantity of white-backed planthopper （Sogatellafurci-fera） and resistance among various cultivars was significant. Two varieties, Yueyou 9113 and Tianyouhuazhan, were most susceptible ; Yongyou 8, Jiayou 2 and Xi-ushui 134 had best resistance and could be used as disease-resistant varieties to prevent the disease.

Detection,Occurrence,and Survey of Rice Stripe and BlackStreaked Dwarf Diseases in Zhejiang Province,China

The major viral diseases that occur on rice plants in Zhejiang Province, eastern China, are stripe and rice black-streaked dwarf diseases. Rice stripe disease is only caused by rice stripe tenuivirus （RSV）, while rice black-streaked dwarf disease can be caused by rice black-streaked dwarf fijivirus （RBSDV） and/or southem rice black-streaked dwarf fijivirus （SRBSDV）. Here we review the characterization of these viruses, methods for their detection, and extensive surveys showing their occurrence and spread in the province.

Epidemiological Characteristics of Maize Rough Dwarf Disease in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain

Maize rough dwarf disease is a common epidemic disease in large areas.Its epidemic and occurrence mechanism is a complex process.In this paper,the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of maize rough dwarf disease in Huang-Huai-Hai plain were elaborated based on the research results of maize rough dwarf disease at home and abroad for many years.The epidemic of maize rough dwarf disease is affected by many factors,such as the occurrence and virus carrying rate of the first generation small brown planthopper,accumulation of virus sources on gramineous crops and weed hosts,maize variety resistance,maize sowing date,maize growth period,crop layout,tillage system,climate and ecological environment.The key factors causing the outbreak and epidemic of maize rough dwarf disease are the planting of maize susceptible varieties,the meeting of maize seedling stage and the peak period of adult spread of the first generation of small brown planthopper.

Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Technologies of Rice Virus Diseases Spread by Small Brown Planthopper (SBPH)

Rice stripe virus disease （RSVD） and rice black-streaked dwarf virus disease （RBSDVD） are two epidemic diseases in Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province in the last decade. The authors investigated the disaster regularity, prevention and control technology of RSVD and RBSDVD systematically. The occurrence and virus transmission of SBPH and disaster regularity of virus diseases were studied; the resistance of some rice varieties was cleared; the effects of physical and agricultural measures such as insect net blocking, appropriate late sowing and plowing on controlling occurrence and virus transmission of SBPH were figured out; a hatch of chemical agents were screened, providing efficient and harmless pesticides for effective control against SBPH and prevention against virus diseases. A set of disaster control and mitigation technologies was proposed in this paper, which was practical, sustainable, and easy to operate for the local planting patterns.

南方水稻黑条矮缩病抗病遗传资源与分子机理研究进展

南方水稻黑条矮缩病(Souther rice black-streaked dwarf virus disease,SRBSDVD)是依靠白背飞虱(Sogatella furcifera)为传播介体,由南方水稻黑条矮缩病毒(Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus,SRBSDV)侵染引起的一种水稻病毒病。该病害于2001年在我国华南地区首次被发现,随后发生面积不断扩大,危害逐年加重,已成为近年来危害中国南方稻区水稻生产的重要病害之一。白背飞虱迁飞性强、种群数量大、传毒持久等特点,导致化学农药防虫治病效果并不理想,至今还未有可持续和绿色控制SRBSDVD的手段。根据病原病毒的爆发性及其传播介体白背飞虱的生物学特性,预计该病害在未来较长的一段时期内将是我国最严重的水稻病害之一,很有可能再次暴发流行。因此,当前生产上急需培育出能够抵御SRBSDVD的抗性水稻品种。本文综述了SRBSDVD的发病规律、抗病种质资源的收集与评估、抗病基因或数量性状位点(QTL)的精确定位,以及这些抗性基因的分子作用机制,进一步探讨了利用现代分子生物学技术,包括分子标记辅助选择、基因沉默(RNAi)和基因编辑等技术加快SRBSDVD抗病品种的选育,可为今后有效控制SRBSDVD提供基础。

水稻新病害南方水稻黑条矮缩病发生特点及危害趋势分析

由斐济病毒属(Fijivirus)暂定新种南方水稻黑条矮缩病毒(Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus,SRBSDV)引起的水稻矮缩病,自2001年在广东省阳西县被发现以来,已迅速扩散至我国南方广大稻区。2009年,该病害在我国南部及越南晚季稻上暴发成灾,造成严重的产量损失。本文简介了该病害的症状、危害特点、病原病毒及其传毒介体特征,对其发生趋势进行了讨论,提出了以秧苗期治虫为重点的病害防控应急措施。

广西水稻品种抗水稻南方黑条矮缩病鉴定

【目的】评价广西生产用水稻品种对水稻南方黑条矮缩病的抗病性,为病害综合防控提供依据。【方法】收集广西主栽水稻品种45份和市场销售的水稻品种53份,采用集团接种法进行室内人工接种抗病性鉴定。【结果】测定的98个水稻品种中,表现高感的品种96个,占测试品种的97.96%;表现中感的品种两个,占测试品种的2.04%。测试品种中未发现抗病品种。【结论】测定的98份广西生产用水稻品种对水稻南方黑条矮缩病均表现感病,需加大对该病害的综合防控及水稻种质资源的抗病筛选利用。

19个水稻雄性不育系对南方水稻黑条矮缩病的抗性评价

【目的】评价水稻雄性不育系对南方水稻黑条矮缩病的抗性,为选配抗南方水稻黑条矮缩病的杂交稻组合提供材料。【方法】以19份水稻雄性不育系为材料,采用田间调查自然发病率结合分子检测的方法,评价其对南方水稻黑条矮缩病的抗性。【结果】鉴定出高抗不育系1份,为13s;中抗不育系3份,为分别1s、8s、14s;中感不育系4份,分别为17s、19s、15s、6s;感病不育系10份,分别为18s、3s、9s、12s、11s、4s、16s、5s、7s、2s;高感不育系1份,为10s;未发现对南方水稻黑条矮缩病免疫的材料。【结论】供试的水稻雄性不育系对南方水稻黑条矮缩病普遍表现为抗病性不强,但品种间差异显著,其中13s、1s、14s、8s具有较强的抗病性,是抗病育种中可以利用的资源。

室内试验证实南方水稻黑条矮缩病毒不经水稻种子传播

为了检验南方水稻黑条矮缩病毒(Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus,SRBSDV)是否经水稻种子传播,从广东省多地水稻病株上采集种子,温室内防虫栽培,获得了10个品种1875株实生植株。表型观察未发现呈现病毒病症状的植株,RT-PCR检测也未发现SRBSDV阳性植株,结果证实SRBSDV不经水稻种子传播。

南方水稻黑条矮缩病抗性的遗传分析及主效QTL的精细定位

【目的】近年来由白背飞虱传播的南方水稻黑条矮缩病给水稻生产造成了巨大损失,开展该病的抗性遗传分析和基因精细定位,将为抗性育种提供材料和理论依据。【方法】分析了抗性材料D4对南方水稻黑条矮缩病的抗性特征,并通过广恢998/D4F2群体分析该病抗性的遗传规律,利用QTL-seq技术联合遗传连锁分析定位主效抗性QTL。【结果】D4对南方水稻黑条矮缩病的抗性表现为抗病毒性而非抗虫性,且受主效基因和微效基因共同控制。QTL-seq和连锁分析将南方水稻黑条矮缩病主效抗性QTL定位于第9染色体上,命名为qSRBSDV9。利用代换作图法进一步将qSRBSDV9定位在102.3kb的区间内,该区间包含21个预测基因,其中9个基因与赤霉素信号传导相关。【结论】揭示了D4对南方水稻黑条矮缩病的抗性特征及遗传规律,精细定位了南方水稻黑条矮缩病主效抗性QTL qSRBSDV9。这为该QTL的图位克隆及育种利用奠定了基础。

影响南方水稻黑条矮缩病发生流行的因子分析

南方水稻黑条矮缩病是近年来在我国南方稻区新发生的一种重要病毒性病害。本文通过大田调查、田间试验并结合气象资料分析,表明品种抗性、种植方式、播种期、播种地段和气象因子等是影响该病发生的主要因素。不同类型水稻的发病率存在显著性差异。杂交稻发病最重,糯稻发病次之,常规稻发病最轻。同一类型的杂交稻不同品种对南方水稻黑条矮缩病的抗(耐)病性存在较大差异。‘特优161’最感病,‘华优638’最抗病。抛栽田比移栽田和直播田发病轻。不同播种期显著影响南方水稻黑条矮缩病的发病率。在化州稻区,播种早的发病重于播种迟的。晚稻秧田靠近早稻本田的田块,南方水稻黑条矮缩病发病重,秧田远离早稻本田的田块发病较轻。6月中旬-7月上旬降水日数、6月下旬-7月上旬相对湿度和8月上旬平均最高气温等气象因子与南方水稻黑条矮缩病发病率关系最密切。

芦溪县麻田乡南方水稻黑条矮缩病暴发的原因

为了解南方水稻黑条矮缩病的暴发因素,对江西省萍乡市芦溪县麻田乡辖区及邻近地区水稻的发病情况进行为期2个月的实地调查。结果表明:地域特征、气候因素、晚稻栽插时间、种植模式、品种抗(耐)特性、基层农技人员缺乏对南方水稻黑条矮缩病的正确认识和未采取及时有效的措施等因素是该地区南方水稻黑条矮缩病大暴发的主要原因。

南方水稻黑条矮缩病对水稻产量损失及测报因子的初步研究

南方水稻黑条矮缩病是近年来在我国南方稻区新发生的一种重要病毒性病害。本文通过测定水稻品种‘T优272’上该病不同发病程度所对应的产量损失,分别建立了以病丛率、病株率与产量损失率之间的线性回归方程y=1.027 0x1-1.363 4(R=0.999 6)、y=1.050 9x2-0.450 8(R=0.999 2)。依据回归方程及南方稻区水稻生产实际情况,南方水稻黑条矮缩病在中稻上经济允许水平与成灾水平因子是病丛率4.79%与30.54%或病株率3.81%与28.98%,晚稻上经济允许水平与成灾水平因子分别是病丛率5.06%与30.54%或病株率4.08%与28.98%,中晚稻的绝收水平因子是病丛率79.22%或病株率76.55%。

2010年南方水稻黑条矮缩病应急防控试验探究

南方水稻黑条矮缩病是一种严重为害水稻生产的病毒病,目前没有十分有效的防控措施,特别是对已经大面积暴发成灾的本田期水稻。本研究在江西省萍乡市芦溪县麻田乡,针对整个田块已经发生病毒病的二晚移栽稻田,进行应急防控实验,探究不同药剂组合对南方水稻黑条矮缩病的防治效果。试验以杀虫剂、抗病毒剂、生长调节剂、免疫激活剂和生物肥料为材料,通过不同的组合和不同的施药次数,探讨不同处理的防治效果,试验发现不同的药剂组合对防治南方水稻黑条矮缩病的确存在不同的防治效果,最高防治效果可达46.75%。这些研究为下一步研究防治水稻病毒病应急防控措施奠定基础。

2010年湖北省水稻南方黑条矮缩病的流行调查与研究

通过田间考察、白背飞虱监测、室内分子鉴定等方法调查研究2010年湖北省水稻南方黑条矮缩病的流行概况,掌握了湖北省水稻南方黑条矮缩病毒病发生的面积、发生程度、水稻品种感病性、介体昆虫种群动态等情况。研究结果显示,水稻南方黑条矮缩病在湖北省长江沿线的荆州、孝感、咸宁、黄石、鄂州、黄冈等地的水稻种植区普遍发生,水稻品种普遍感病,该病毒病已随介体昆虫白背飞虱从南方水稻种植区传播至处于长江流域的中部水稻种植区,并有进一步向长江以北扩散的趋势。

南方水稻黑条矮缩病发生面积预测模型研究

南方水稻黑条矮缩病是近年来在中国南方稻区发生的一种重要病毒性病害,在中国许多地区频繁流行成灾。为探索南方水稻黑条矮缩病发生流行动态规律并建立发生趋势预测模型,笔者应用相关分析、逐步回归分析和通径分析方法对南方水稻黑条矮缩病发生发展的气象因子、介体虫量进行分析和模拟。结果表明:5—7月气象因子、介体虫量与发生面积均呈正相关,相关性均达显著或极显著水平;通径分析发现8月上旬稻飞虱成虫量和6月下旬—7月上旬降水量之积(X’_3)对发生面积的直接作用最大(0.9318),其次为8月上旬稻飞虱成虫量和6月中旬—7月上旬降雨日数之积(X’_4),而5月相对湿度(X’_1)、5月上中旬相对湿度(X’_2)主要通过X’_3间接影响发生面积;通过逐步回归建立了预测模型Y=-2.521645+0.017466X’_1+0.014457X’_2+0.000050X’_3-0.000296X’_4。利用上述方程对2006—2016年进行回归拟合,模型预测准确、精度高,并对2017年进行预报,拟合值与实测值相差很小,准确率较高。利用该方程可对化州地区乃至粤西地区晚稻南方水稻黑条矮缩病的发生进行预测。