A new genus Microelectrona gen. nov. and species Microelectrona cladara sp. nov. of the extinct tribe Protodikraneurini of the leafhoppers （Cicadellidae： Typhlocybinae） from the Eocene Baltic amber is described. Th...A new genus Microelectrona gen. nov. and species Microelectrona cladara sp. nov. of the extinct tribe Protodikraneurini of the leafhoppers （Cicadellidae： Typhlocybinae） from the Eocene Baltic amber is described. The piece of amber containing leafhopper inclusion is broken, unveiling some of the morphological structures, and enabling their studies using scanning electron microscopy.展开更多
本文描述了云南寒武纪早期澄江生物群中原始单轴针海绵化石一新属种——群体小卵海绵Ovulispongia multa gen. et sp. nov.。群体小卵海绵为小型薄壁海绵,整体呈卵形,骨骼双层,由四个方向的单轴骨针穿插成网状,左倾方向和右倾方向骨针...本文描述了云南寒武纪早期澄江生物群中原始单轴针海绵化石一新属种——群体小卵海绵Ovulispongia multa gen. et sp. nov.。群体小卵海绵为小型薄壁海绵,整体呈卵形,骨骼双层,由四个方向的单轴骨针穿插成网状,左倾方向和右倾方向骨针与水平骨针和纵向骨针斜交呈45度角;骨针之间无叠接;海绵体无口须和根须。群体小卵海绵在外部形态和骨架类型上与其他的原始单轴针海绵存在明显差异,其半紧密型骨架处于无规则排列的鬃毛海绵骨架和规则排列的细丝海绵骨架之间。另外新材料显示在海底固着取食的生态环境中,新属种用高密度的个体分布来获得竞争优势。群体小卵海绵独特的过渡形态的骨架结构和高密度生态分布为研究古生代原始单轴针海绵的骨架演化与生态空间扩张之间的关系提供了线索,也为研究寒武纪早期海绵动物的起源和多样化提供新的化石材料。展开更多
Dead twigs of Aquilaria sinensis(Thymelaeaceae)with fungal fruiting bodies were collected from Xishuangbanna,Yunnan Province,China.After initial morphological observations,an interesting fungus whose morphologically r...Dead twigs of Aquilaria sinensis(Thymelaeaceae)with fungal fruiting bodies were collected from Xishuangbanna,Yunnan Province,China.After initial morphological observations,an interesting fungus whose morphologically resembled Peroneutypa was isolated.Molecular phylogeny of combined ITS and tub2 showed our fungal collection is phylogenetically closely related to P.mackenziei.However,in morphology,our fungal collection is distinct from P.mackenziei in having an ostiolar canal without periphyses and the absence of paraphyses.Based on unique morphological characteristics and multigene phylogenetic analyses results,our fungal isolate is described in this paper as Peroneutypa aquilariae sp.nov.In addition,this is the first report of the genus Peroneutypa from the host A.sinensis.Full description,illustrations,and a phylogenetic tree to show the placement of the new species are provided.A synoptic table of morphological characteristics in Peroneutypa reported worldwide is also provided.展开更多
A new horned toad species,Boulenophrys elongata sp.nov.,is described from Mt.Lianhua,Huidong County,eastern Guangdong,China.The new species is phylogenetically closest to B.brachykolos,which is restricted to the east ...A new horned toad species,Boulenophrys elongata sp.nov.,is described from Mt.Lianhua,Huidong County,eastern Guangdong,China.The new species is phylogenetically closest to B.brachykolos,which is restricted to the east of the Pearl River Estuary(i.e.,Shenzhen City and Hong Kong SAR).The new species can be distinguished from all recognized congeners by a combination of morphological characters and genetic divergences in the combined mitochondrial 16S,12S and CO1 genes.We recommend the new species be listed as Data Deficient(DD)in the IUCN categorization,pending further investigation.展开更多
Objective:To determine and describe the nematode species of amphibians collected from Lombok Island,West Nusa Tenggara,Indonesia.Methods:The materials examined were found in the intestines of twenty-four Fejervarya ca...Objective:To determine and describe the nematode species of amphibians collected from Lombok Island,West Nusa Tenggara,Indonesia.Methods:The materials examined were found in the intestines of twenty-four Fejervarya cancrivora(F.cancrivora),sixteen Fejervarya verruculosa,six Duttaphyrnus melanostictus(D.melanostictus)from Senaru and Gangga District,Lombok Island on April 2015.The amphibian hosts were collected by hand.Before observing the nematodes,the hosts were anesthesized to death with chloroform.The ventral of the host was opened by longitudinal incision and the internal organs were removed,placed separately in the Petri-dish and then examined under a dissecting microscope.The nematodes found were fixed with warm 70%alcohol.The specimens for light microscope observation were cleared in glycerol and mounted in the same solution,and for the SEM Jeol scanning electron microscope 5310 low vacuum were re-fixed in caccodylate buffer and glutaraldehyde,dehydrated through a graded series of alcohol and vacuum-dried using TAITEC Vacuum-96Nitrogen,prior to attaching to stubs with double sided cello-tape,coated with gold 400?thickness in an Eico I-B2 ion coater.Drawings were made with the aid of a drawing tube attached to a Nikon compound microscope.Measurements were given in micrometers(μm)as the average,followed by the range in parentheses,unless otherwise stated.Results:Two new species of nematodes were found and described herein:Camallanus senaruensis sp.nov.,and Meteterakis lombokensis sp.nov.,parasitic in the intestine of F.cancrivora and D.melanostictus,respectively.C.senaruensis differs from other congeners in having a bluntly rounded tip of tail in the male and female,the structure of trident and having teeth in the buccal capsule.Meteterakis lombokensis differs from other previously described species in having no vulval flap,has a strongly widened proximal end of spicules,forming a cup shaped,and the number of caudal papillae.Others species found are Meteterakis singaporensis from D.melanostictus,and Chabaudus rauschi(Ch.rauschi)from sixteen F.cancrivora and eight Fejervarya verruculosa.Conclusions:The species of parasitic nematodes from Lombok Island are common in amphibians,but Camallanus,Meteterakis singaporensis,Ch.rauschi are the new record in Indonesia.The dominant species found in Lombok Island is Ch.rauschi.展开更多
基金supported by a research grant from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland(no.NN 303 2979 37) awarded to JS
文摘A new genus Microelectrona gen. nov. and species Microelectrona cladara sp. nov. of the extinct tribe Protodikraneurini of the leafhoppers （Cicadellidae： Typhlocybinae） from the Eocene Baltic amber is described. The piece of amber containing leafhopper inclusion is broken, unveiling some of the morphological structures, and enabling their studies using scanning electron microscopy.
文摘本文描述了云南寒武纪早期澄江生物群中原始单轴针海绵化石一新属种——群体小卵海绵Ovulispongia multa gen. et sp. nov.。群体小卵海绵为小型薄壁海绵,整体呈卵形,骨骼双层,由四个方向的单轴骨针穿插成网状,左倾方向和右倾方向骨针与水平骨针和纵向骨针斜交呈45度角;骨针之间无叠接;海绵体无口须和根须。群体小卵海绵在外部形态和骨架类型上与其他的原始单轴针海绵存在明显差异,其半紧密型骨架处于无规则排列的鬃毛海绵骨架和规则排列的细丝海绵骨架之间。另外新材料显示在海底固着取食的生态环境中,新属种用高密度的个体分布来获得竞争优势。群体小卵海绵独特的过渡形态的骨架结构和高密度生态分布为研究古生代原始单轴针海绵的骨架演化与生态空间扩张之间的关系提供了线索,也为研究寒武纪早期海绵动物的起源和多样化提供新的化石材料。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.NSFC 31760013,31950410558,32260004)High-Level Talent Recruitment Plan of Yunnan Provinces('Young Talents'Program)Tian-Ye Du thanks Mae Fah Luang University for the award of fee-less scholarship.Ausana Mapook thanks the Mae Fah Luang University Fund(Grant No.651A16029)。
文摘Dead twigs of Aquilaria sinensis(Thymelaeaceae)with fungal fruiting bodies were collected from Xishuangbanna,Yunnan Province,China.After initial morphological observations,an interesting fungus whose morphologically resembled Peroneutypa was isolated.Molecular phylogeny of combined ITS and tub2 showed our fungal collection is phylogenetically closely related to P.mackenziei.However,in morphology,our fungal collection is distinct from P.mackenziei in having an ostiolar canal without periphyses and the absence of paraphyses.Based on unique morphological characteristics and multigene phylogenetic analyses results,our fungal isolate is described in this paper as Peroneutypa aquilariae sp.nov.In addition,this is the first report of the genus Peroneutypa from the host A.sinensis.Full description,illustrations,and a phylogenetic tree to show the placement of the new species are provided.A synoptic table of morphological characteristics in Peroneutypa reported worldwide is also provided.
基金supported by the Project of Background Survey of Biosafety in Guangdong Province(STST-2021-10)the Project of Study on Optimal Allocation and Sustainable Development of Typical Urban and Rural Ecological Resources(K610222062406).
文摘A new horned toad species,Boulenophrys elongata sp.nov.,is described from Mt.Lianhua,Huidong County,eastern Guangdong,China.The new species is phylogenetically closest to B.brachykolos,which is restricted to the east of the Pearl River Estuary(i.e.,Shenzhen City and Hong Kong SAR).The new species can be distinguished from all recognized congeners by a combination of morphological characters and genetic divergences in the combined mitochondrial 16S,12S and CO1 genes.We recommend the new species be listed as Data Deficient(DD)in the IUCN categorization,pending further investigation.
基金Supported by the project“DIPA of Research Centre for Biology 011/2015:Keanekaragaman dan Potensi Biota Nusa Tenggara”,sponsored by Indonesian Institute of Sciences.
文摘Objective:To determine and describe the nematode species of amphibians collected from Lombok Island,West Nusa Tenggara,Indonesia.Methods:The materials examined were found in the intestines of twenty-four Fejervarya cancrivora(F.cancrivora),sixteen Fejervarya verruculosa,six Duttaphyrnus melanostictus(D.melanostictus)from Senaru and Gangga District,Lombok Island on April 2015.The amphibian hosts were collected by hand.Before observing the nematodes,the hosts were anesthesized to death with chloroform.The ventral of the host was opened by longitudinal incision and the internal organs were removed,placed separately in the Petri-dish and then examined under a dissecting microscope.The nematodes found were fixed with warm 70%alcohol.The specimens for light microscope observation were cleared in glycerol and mounted in the same solution,and for the SEM Jeol scanning electron microscope 5310 low vacuum were re-fixed in caccodylate buffer and glutaraldehyde,dehydrated through a graded series of alcohol and vacuum-dried using TAITEC Vacuum-96Nitrogen,prior to attaching to stubs with double sided cello-tape,coated with gold 400?thickness in an Eico I-B2 ion coater.Drawings were made with the aid of a drawing tube attached to a Nikon compound microscope.Measurements were given in micrometers(μm)as the average,followed by the range in parentheses,unless otherwise stated.Results:Two new species of nematodes were found and described herein:Camallanus senaruensis sp.nov.,and Meteterakis lombokensis sp.nov.,parasitic in the intestine of F.cancrivora and D.melanostictus,respectively.C.senaruensis differs from other congeners in having a bluntly rounded tip of tail in the male and female,the structure of trident and having teeth in the buccal capsule.Meteterakis lombokensis differs from other previously described species in having no vulval flap,has a strongly widened proximal end of spicules,forming a cup shaped,and the number of caudal papillae.Others species found are Meteterakis singaporensis from D.melanostictus,and Chabaudus rauschi(Ch.rauschi)from sixteen F.cancrivora and eight Fejervarya verruculosa.Conclusions:The species of parasitic nematodes from Lombok Island are common in amphibians,but Camallanus,Meteterakis singaporensis,Ch.rauschi are the new record in Indonesia.The dominant species found in Lombok Island is Ch.rauschi.
