The importance of nutrient provisions and weaning methods for calves has been well established over the past few years,while as increasing interest has focused on contribution of animal behavior and their overall perf...The importance of nutrient provisions and weaning methods for calves has been well established over the past few years,while as increasing interest has focused on contribution of animal behavior and their overall performance in production regimes.The present study investigated the effects of feeding methods and space allowance on growth performance,individual and social behaviors in Holstein calves.Twenty-four Chinese Holstein male and female calves were allocated to either an individual or group of 6 and fed either with a bucket or a teat.Milk replacer,calf starter,and Chinese wildrye were offered during the experiment.A fecal index used in the present study was defined as the total fecal scores/total number of calves in each treatment.The results showed that there was no significant difference among the 4 treatments in terms of feed intake,body weight,average daily gain,and fecal index.For the feeding behaviors,the ingesting milk time and ingesting milk rate were significantly affected by space allowance,while the feeding methods showed a significant influence on the bunting behavior of the calves.There was no significant difference among the 4 treatments in terms of licking fixtures,self-grooming,and lying down behaviors,irrespective of the feeding method or space allowance.However,sucking an empty bucket or the teat was significantly affected by the feeding method.Several selected group behaviors were examined in the present study,and similar values for sniffing the other calves,social grooming,and cross-sucking behaviors were observed.Overall,the present study demonstrated that different feeding methods and space allowances had a significant effect on the feeding behavior of calves,while the feed intake,growth performance,health condition,individual and group social behaviors were not significantly influenced.Furthermore,under intensified production systems,Holstein calves raised in a group may obtain a similar production performance,thus reducing management input and profitability compared with those kept individually.However,there may be competition during the feeding period.展开更多
This paper proposes a solution to controls warm robots in an effort to avoid obstacles, moving to the goal by the method of Null Space based Behavior (NSB) control of an individual in the swarm. This paper also provid...This paper proposes a solution to controls warm robots in an effort to avoid obstacles, moving to the goal by the method of Null Space based Behavior (NSB) control of an individual in the swarm. This paper also provides the stability analysis of the converging process by investigating the relationship between single agents, and the analysis result is proved by using the Lyapunov theory. Finally, the simulation results in two-dimensional space have confirmed the obtained theoretical results.展开更多
On the basis of investigating wooden arch gallery bridges in China,perspectives of researchers studying wooden arch gallery bridges in northeast Fujian Province were reviewed,and the innovativeness of researches from ...On the basis of investigating wooden arch gallery bridges in China,perspectives of researchers studying wooden arch gallery bridges in northeast Fujian Province were reviewed,and the innovativeness of researches from the perspectives of cultural geography and significance of wooden arch gallery bridge for the locals’behaviors was proposed.Youxi Village in Qinyang Town,Shouning County,known as the Village of Gallery Bridge,was taken for example to analyze physical,spiritual and social properties of its wooden arch gallery bridge spaces.Wooden arch gallery bridge is an effective boundary point of settlement space,constituting natural ecological spaces and man-made physical spaces of rural settlements.And as a type of building space,wooden arch gallery bridge expands settlement spaces,contributes to settlement cultures,and enriches spiritual connotations of regional cultures.In northeast Fujian,wooden arch gallery bridge is an important social space for the locals’daily life by carrying on living,production and spiritual functions.展开更多
The traction behavior of space lubricating oil No. 4116 was measured and analyzed at various oil inlet temperatures below 0 ℃ and various rolling speeds under normal loads by a test rig simulating the operating condi...The traction behavior of space lubricating oil No. 4116 was measured and analyzed at various oil inlet temperatures below 0 ℃ and various rolling speeds under normal loads by a test rig simulating the operating conditions of space bearings. A traction coefficient calculation model was presented. The rheological property and rheological parameters of the lubricant at a low oil inlet temperature were analyzed based on the Tevaarwerk-Johnson model. The results showed that the lubricating oil No. 4116 was sensitive to the rolling speed and had lower sensitivity to the normal load. This lubricating oil is more suitable for applications under high speed when it is used below 0 ℃. It behaves as an elastic-plastic fluid operating below 0 ℃. Both the average limiting shear stress and the average elastic shear modulus have a negative correlation with the rolling speed and oil inlet temperature and have a positive correlation with the normal load.展开更多
In this article, we study the large time behavior of the 3-D isentropic compressible Navier-Stokes equation in the partial space-periodic domains, and simultaneously show that the related profile systems can be descri...In this article, we study the large time behavior of the 3-D isentropic compressible Navier-Stokes equation in the partial space-periodic domains, and simultaneously show that the related profile systems can be described by like Navier-Stokes equations with suitable "pressure" functions in lower dimensions. Our proofs are based on the energy methods together with some delicate analysis on the corresponding linearized problems.展开更多
基金supported by the Earmarked Fund for Beijing Dairy Industry Innovation Consortium of Agriculture Research System (BAIC06-2016)the Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2012BAD12B06)the Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, the Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China
文摘The importance of nutrient provisions and weaning methods for calves has been well established over the past few years,while as increasing interest has focused on contribution of animal behavior and their overall performance in production regimes.The present study investigated the effects of feeding methods and space allowance on growth performance,individual and social behaviors in Holstein calves.Twenty-four Chinese Holstein male and female calves were allocated to either an individual or group of 6 and fed either with a bucket or a teat.Milk replacer,calf starter,and Chinese wildrye were offered during the experiment.A fecal index used in the present study was defined as the total fecal scores/total number of calves in each treatment.The results showed that there was no significant difference among the 4 treatments in terms of feed intake,body weight,average daily gain,and fecal index.For the feeding behaviors,the ingesting milk time and ingesting milk rate were significantly affected by space allowance,while the feeding methods showed a significant influence on the bunting behavior of the calves.There was no significant difference among the 4 treatments in terms of licking fixtures,self-grooming,and lying down behaviors,irrespective of the feeding method or space allowance.However,sucking an empty bucket or the teat was significantly affected by the feeding method.Several selected group behaviors were examined in the present study,and similar values for sniffing the other calves,social grooming,and cross-sucking behaviors were observed.Overall,the present study demonstrated that different feeding methods and space allowances had a significant effect on the feeding behavior of calves,while the feed intake,growth performance,health condition,individual and group social behaviors were not significantly influenced.Furthermore,under intensified production systems,Holstein calves raised in a group may obtain a similar production performance,thus reducing management input and profitability compared with those kept individually.However,there may be competition during the feeding period.
文摘This paper proposes a solution to controls warm robots in an effort to avoid obstacles, moving to the goal by the method of Null Space based Behavior (NSB) control of an individual in the swarm. This paper also provides the stability analysis of the converging process by investigating the relationship between single agents, and the analysis result is proved by using the Lyapunov theory. Finally, the simulation results in two-dimensional space have confirmed the obtained theoretical results.
基金Sponsored by social science research program of Fujian Provincial Department of Education(JA11300S)Special program of "East Fujian Culture Research"(2011HW05)Key project of Ningde Normal University(2010J002)
文摘On the basis of investigating wooden arch gallery bridges in China,perspectives of researchers studying wooden arch gallery bridges in northeast Fujian Province were reviewed,and the innovativeness of researches from the perspectives of cultural geography and significance of wooden arch gallery bridge for the locals’behaviors was proposed.Youxi Village in Qinyang Town,Shouning County,known as the Village of Gallery Bridge,was taken for example to analyze physical,spiritual and social properties of its wooden arch gallery bridge spaces.Wooden arch gallery bridge is an effective boundary point of settlement space,constituting natural ecological spaces and man-made physical spaces of rural settlements.And as a type of building space,wooden arch gallery bridge expands settlement spaces,contributes to settlement cultures,and enriches spiritual connotations of regional cultures.In northeast Fujian,wooden arch gallery bridge is an important social space for the locals’daily life by carrying on living,production and spiritual functions.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51105131 and 51475143)the Henan Provincial Key Scientific and Technological Project (No. 142102210110)the Tianjin Science and Technology Support Program
文摘The traction behavior of space lubricating oil No. 4116 was measured and analyzed at various oil inlet temperatures below 0 ℃ and various rolling speeds under normal loads by a test rig simulating the operating conditions of space bearings. A traction coefficient calculation model was presented. The rheological property and rheological parameters of the lubricant at a low oil inlet temperature were analyzed based on the Tevaarwerk-Johnson model. The results showed that the lubricating oil No. 4116 was sensitive to the rolling speed and had lower sensitivity to the normal load. This lubricating oil is more suitable for applications under high speed when it is used below 0 ℃. It behaves as an elastic-plastic fluid operating below 0 ℃. Both the average limiting shear stress and the average elastic shear modulus have a negative correlation with the rolling speed and oil inlet temperature and have a positive correlation with the normal load.
基金supported by the NSFC(11571177)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionssupported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2014B14014)
文摘In this article, we study the large time behavior of the 3-D isentropic compressible Navier-Stokes equation in the partial space-periodic domains, and simultaneously show that the related profile systems can be described by like Navier-Stokes equations with suitable "pressure" functions in lower dimensions. Our proofs are based on the energy methods together with some delicate analysis on the corresponding linearized problems.