Calculation of the Hardness Space Distribution in the As Quenched Condition of a Medium Hardening Tool Steel

The calculation of the hardness profile is a powerful tool for the selection of the right steel for a given purpose. Computer programs INC-PHATRAN and INDUCTER-B were formerly developed by the authors for the calculation of hardness profiles after heat treatment processes of low alloy and carbon steels. The first one simulates quenching as well as through hardening operations, and the second one models electromagnetic induction heat treatments processes. These codes make use of the SAE Standard 3406 in order to obtain the hardness profile, with enhanced regression coefficients recently obtained by the authors. The present work broadens the field of application of this method, allowing to apply it for low hardenability tool steels such as the ASTM O1 Tool Steel. The method used for the calculation of the hardness profile is here summarized, and an example of application is described, which shows good correspondence between the calculated and measured values.

Seasonal Contrast of Some Anthropic Pollution Parameters in Water Retention in Mountainous Area under Sahelian Climate: Elementary Dynamics and Space Distribution (Territory of the Mounts Mandara, Cameroon)

In order to understand the origin, the extent and the space distribution of the seasonal anthropic pollution parameters in the water retention located in mountainous area thickly populated and which water resources is intended for the production of drinking water for serving a population of approximately 800,000 inhabitants, two sampling campaigns were carried out for the two seasons of the year known as the dry and rainy season. The samples were then conveyed and analyzed in laboratory. The parameters retained for this study were primarily the physicochemical parameters (pH, conductivity and temperature), measured in situ and second the major anthropic origins anions of (, , and ). The results of the study show that overall the anthropic pollution parameters undergo an important seasonal variation of their concentration between the dry and rainy periods although they remain high in any season compared to the quality standards of natural water of the European Union. Their space distribution within retention remains overall random and is not function of the seasons. However, surrounding areas of the retention and the discharge system of the seasonal rivers (Mayos) which feed it present in rainy season space distributions of concentrations in anions of anthropic origin enumerated above highest.

STATIONARY DISTRIBUTIONS OF INFINITE PARTICLE SYSTEMS WITH NONCOMPACT STATE SPACE.

This paper deals with the preblem of existence and uniqueness of the stationary distributions (abbr., s. d.'s) for the processes constructed in [4] .The main results are stated in § 1. For the reader's convenience we first restate the existence theorems (Theorem 1 and 2) of the processes given in [4]. Then two existence theorems (Theorem 3 and 4) and a uniqueness theorem (Theorem 5) for the s. d.'s of the processes are presented. The last result (Theorem 6), as an application of the previous ones, is about the Schlgl model which comes from nonequilibrium statisticali physics. The details of the proofs of Theorem 3—6 are given in § 2—4.

Combination and distribution of reservoir space in complex carbonate rocks

This paper discusses the reservoir space in carbonate rocks in terms of types,combination features,distribution regularity,and controlling factors,based on core observations and tests of the North Truva Oilfield,Caspian Basin.According to the reservoir space combinations,carbonate reservoirs can be divided into four types,i.e.,pore,fracture-pore,pore-cavity-fracture,and pore-cavity.Formation and distribution of these reservoirs is strongly controlled by deposition,diagenesis,and tectonism.In evaporated platform and restricted platform facies,the reservoirs are predominately affected by meteoric fresh water leaching in the supergene-para-syngenetic period and by uplifting and erosion in the late stage,making both platform facies contain all the above-mentioned four types of reservoirs,with various pores,such as dissolved cavities and dissolved fractures,or structural fractures occasionally in favorable structural locations.In open platform facies,the reservoirs deposited continuously in deeper water,in an environment of alternative high-energy shoals（where pore-fracture-type reservoirs are dominant） and low-energy shoals（where pore reservoirs are dominant）.

Space Group Distribution in Substituted Phenols

Analysis on the space group distribution in 78 substituted phenols re-vealed its unusual high frequencies in groups with non-centrosymmetry or polar axis orhigher symmetry or Z' > 1. Based on the characteristics of intermolecular H-bondsformed by two OH groups,the space group distribution could be rationalized well.

Space-to-Ground Quantum Key Distribution Using a Small-Sized Payload on Tiangong-2 Space Lab

Quantum technology establishes a foundation for secure communication via quantum key distribution （QKD）. In the last two decades, the rapid development of QKD makes a global quantum communication network feasible. In order to construct this network, it is economical to consider small-sized and low-cost QKD payloads, which can be assembled on satellites with different sizes, such as space stations. Here we report an experimental demonstration of space-to-ground QKD using a small-sized payload, from Tiangong-2 space lab to Nanshan ground station. The 57.9-kg payload integrates a tracking system, a QKD transmitter along with modules for synchronization, and a laser communication transmitter. In the space lab, a 50MHz vacuum＋weak decoy-state optical source is sent through a reflective telescope with an aperture of 200mm. On the ground station, a telescope with an aperture of 1200mm collects the signal photons. A stable and high-transmittance communication channel is set up with a high-precision bidirectional tracking system, a polarization compensation module, and a synchronization system. When the quantum link is successfully established, we obtain a key rate over 100bps with a communication distance up to 719km. Together with our recent development of QKD in daylight, the present demonstration paves the way towards a practical satellite-constellation-based global quantum secure network with small-sized QKD payloads.

An Analytical Study on Distribution of Staticaly Determinate Streses in Particulate Half Space

General solution of stresses solved from the two dimensiona l system of equilibrium equations in Cartesian coordinates is characterized by the presence of two families of characteristic lines along which initial stresses and discontinuities in them are transmitted intact far down to infinity.This is against our intuition and not verifiable by experimental findings. For the fundamental case of infinite uniform pressure on the upper surface,a comparison between solutions from equilibrium equations in Cartesian coordinates and from those in polar coordinates is carried out in details.The semi infinite characteristic lines in the former are bent up to exponential spirals with both ends on the upper surface in the latter.Thus,the transmission pattern from solution in polar coordinates comes closer to actual situation.However,in polar reference frame,the solution for distribution of stresses in particulate half space under surface strip pressure or so can then only be obtained from boundary value problem of second order partial differential equation.

Definition and expression of non-symmetric physical properties in space for uniaxial crystals

The anisotropic physical property is the most noteworthy feature of crystals.In this paper,the subscript change method is used to analyze the sign changes of different tensors describing physical properties in uniaxial crystals.The distribution of some physical properties in special point groups exhibits non-symmetry in eight quadrants,which should attract the attention of crystal research.The difference between the crystallographic and physical coordinate systems and the lack of crystal symmetry operations are considered to be the origins of the non-symmetry.To avoid ambiguities and difficulties in characterizing and applying crystal physical properties,eight quadrants in space should be clarified.Hence,we proposed the use of piezoelectric properties to define the positive direction of the optical coordinate axis prior to the research and applications of optical properties.

Distribution of Random Session Key Based on Key-Insulated Public-Key Cryptosystems

Based on the characteristic of key-insulated public-key cryptosystem, wepropose a distributed landora session keys distribution protocol without a key distribution center.The session key is generated by different user and only used one time. So thekey is one-time key. Inaddition, the user who generates the next one-time key, is random selected by the current sessionkey. In the protocol of this paper, the characteristic of time in the key-insulated public-key, adistributed protocol, translates into the characteristic of spaee which every point has differentsecret key in the different period. At the same time, the system is fit for key management in AdHoe, and is a new scheme of key management in Ad Hoc.

Simulation analysis on microscopic discharge characteristics of the bipolar corona of a floating conductor

A floating conductor exhibits a bipolar corona phenomenon with microscopic discharge characteristics that are still unclear.In this study,a plasma simulation model of the bipolar corona with 108 chemical reaction equations is established by combining hydrodynamics and plasma chemical reactions.The evolution characteristics of electrons,positive ions,negative ions and neutral particles,as well as the distribution characteristics of space charges are analyzed,and the evolutionary flow of microscopic particles is summarized.The results indicate that the positive end of the bipolar corona initiates discharge before the negative end,but the plasma chemistry at the negative end is more vigorous.The electron generation rate can reach 1240 mol(m^(3) s)^(-1),and the dissipation rate can reach 34 mol(m^(3) s)^(-1).The positive ion swarm is dominated by O_(4)^(+),and the maximum generation rate can reach 440 mol((m^(3) s)^(-1).The negative ion swarm is mainly O_(2) and O_(4).The O_(2) content is approximately 1.5-3 times that of O_(4),and the maximum reaction rate can reach 51 mol(m^(3) s)^(-1).The final destination of neutral particles is an accumulation in the form of O_(3) and NO,and the amount of O3 produced is approximately 4-6 times that of NO.The positive end of the bipolar corona is dominated by positive space charges,which continue to develop and spread outwards in the form of a pulse wave.The negative end exhibits a space charge distribution structure of concentrated positive charges and diffused negative charges.The validity of the microscopic simulation analysis is verified by the macroscopic discharge phenomenon.

Semigroup of Weakly Continuous Operators Associated to a Generalized Schrödinger Equation

In this work, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the generalized Schrödinger equation in the periodic distributional space P’. Furthermore, we prove that the solution depends continuously respect to the initial data in P’. Introducing a family of weakly continuous operators, we prove that this family is a semigroup of operators in P’. Then, with this family of operators, we get a fine version of the existence and dependency continuous theorem obtained. Finally, we provide some consequences of this study.

Group of Weakly Continuous Operators Associated to a Generalized Schrödinger Type Homogeneous Model

In this work, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the generalized Schrödinger type homogeneous model in the periodic distributional space P’. Furthermore, we prove that the solution depends continuously respect to the initial data in P’. Introducing a family of weakly continuous operators, we prove that this family is a group of operators in P’. Then, with this family of operators, we get a fine version of the existence and dependency continuous theorem obtained. Finally, we give some remarks derived from this study.

Regional features of coda attenuation of aftershocks of Wuding, Yunnan earthquake in near field

According to dispersion theory of coda of local events, using near-field data of aftershocks recorded by two mobile digital stations at the Tianxin and Yunlong after the Wuding, Yunnan Ms=6.5 main-shock and sampling at different central frequencies (1.5-sim;20 Hz), spatial distribution features of coda attenuation ratio β(f) are studied. The results show that there exists obvious non-uniformity of coda attenuation ratio β(f) given by the two stations in small region. When f less than or equal 6.0 Hz the coda attenuation ratio β(f) observed on both sides of earthquake-generating fault are basically identical. Yunlong station is located on east side and Tianxin station on west side. The corresponding Qc(f) is in the range of 66-120. However, in the range of high frequency (f greater than or equal 6.0 Hz) the coda in near field going through major fault encounters a strong absorption from the fracture zone. The β(f) going through the fault observed at Yunlong station is 30% lower than that in Tianxin station in which the seismic waves do not go through the fault. The reason for the difference in space distribution of coda attenuation is discussed. The results also show that factor A0(f) of wave source is not only related to the source strength, but also to frequency f. The mean free path L of S wave obtained using 1.5-20 Hz is respectively 30 km on east side of the fault and 40 km on west side, from which it is verified that there is a stronger dispersion body when seismic waves go through the fracture zone.

可数度量空间上的完全分布混沌映射

设X={x_0,x_1,…}是一个自密的可数度量空间.则对任意0<δ<diamX,存在X上的同胚φ满足:(a)X={φ~ix_0:i∈Z}且{φ~ix_0:i≥0},{φ^(-i)x_0:i≥0}均为X的稠密子集;(b)φ,φ^(-1)均以X为其一个分布式δ-混沌集.

A Unified Petrov-Galerkin Spectral Method and Fast Solver for Distributed-Order Partial Differential Equations

Fractional calculus and fractional-order modeling provide effective tools for modeling and simulation of anomalous diffusion with power-law scalings.In complex multi-fractal anomalous transport phenomena,distributed-order partial differential equations appear as tractable mathematical models,where the underlying derivative orders are distributed over a range of values,hence taking into account a wide range of multi-physics from ultraslow-to-standard-to-superdiffusion/wave dynamics.We develop a unified,fast,and stable Petrov–Galerkin spectral method for such models by employing Jacobi poly-fractonomials and Legendre polynomials as temporal and spatial basis/test functions,respectively.By defining the proper underlying distributed Sobolev spaces and their equivalent norms,we rigorously prove the well-posedness of the weak formulation,and thereby,we carry out the corresponding stability and error analysis.We finally provide several numerical simulations to study the performance and convergence of proposed scheme.

A New View of the Dynamics of Particle Structure

The new view denies the existence of fundamental particles in matter, and instead states that any particle and matter is a dynamic superposition of three natural elements, motion, force, and emptiness. This paper proposes a new theory of the structure of matter and the unification of the four forces. A correct understanding of the logic of material structure will enable atomic energy and nuclear physics to generate new manufacturing ideas. The dissertation expounds the natural distribution of dynamics and forces in space and the new deterministic theory of dynamic relationship. This theory solves problems such as the unity of the four forces and the dynamic laws of the material structure. In practical applications, it can provide new theoretical guidance for industrial manufacturing such as nuclear energy, fusion engineering, new energy, new materials, battery energy storage, new-generation reactors, etc., and then adopt effective means in line with the laws of natural power to make the substances needed by human beings. The supply of resources and energy is perfectly satisfied. Applying this theoretical model of material structure to all aspects of the manufacturing industry will surely open up a new era of material civilization for human beings.

Identifying accident black spots based on the accident spacing distribution

The identification of accident black spots is of great significance for the prevention of traffic accidents.Commonly used accident black spot identification methods divide road sections for the analysis of accident data,the direct result of which is the splitting of accident black spots,which affects the results.This paper is based on three years of traffic accident data from the Beijing-Harbin Expressway,including the time and location of traffic accidents,form of the accident fatalities,severe injuries,slight injuries,and property damage only(PDO).To avoid road division effects,an identification method based on the accident spacing distribution is established by using quality control theory.The results show that the average number of accidents per kilometer by the method proposed in this paper is 42,which is much higher than 10,identified by other identification methods.The method proposed in this paper improves the accuracy of the identification results.This method avoids the problem of road segmentation found in other common methods and can more accurately reflect the spatial distribution of traffic accidents.Thus making the identification of accidents more scientific and accurate.

Modeling of Spacing Distribution of Queuing Vehicles at Signalized Junctions Using Random-Matrix Theory

The modeling of headway/spacing between two consecutive vehicles in a queue has many applications in traffic flow theory and transport practice. Most known approaches have only studied vehicles on freeways. This paper presents a model for the spacing distribution of queuing vehicles at a signalized junction based on random-matrix theory. The spacing distribution of a Gaussian symplectic ensemble （GSE） fits well with recently measured spacing distribution data. These results are also compared with measured spacing distribution observed for the car parking problem. Vehicle stationary queuing and vehicle parking have different spacing distributions due to different driving patterns.

Physical effect of carrier distribution in the channel of static induction thyristor

The physical effects of the carrier distribution in the channel on the dynamical performance of a static induction thyristor （SITH） have been studied numerically and experimentally. The analytical expressions of the minority carrier distribution in the channel of the SITH were also derived and the space charge distribution control- ling mechanism on the current of the SITH under high level injection have been analyzed deeply. The relationships among the minority carrier distribution, potential distribution, I-V characteristics and transient performances of the SITH are revealed.