Reliable transmission of consultative committee for space data systems file delivery protocol in deep space communication

In consultative committee for space data systems（CCSDS） file delivery protocol（CFDP） recommendation of reliable transmission,there are no detail transmission procedure and delay calculation of prompted negative acknowledge and asynchronous negative acknowledge models.CFDP is designed to provide data and storage management,story and forward,custody transfer and reliable end-to-end delivery over deep space characterized by huge latency,intermittent link,asymmetric bandwidth and big bit error rate（BER）.Four reliable transmission models are analyzed and an expected file-delivery time is calculated with different trans-mission rates,numbers and sizes of packet data units,BERs and frequencies of external events,etc.By comparison of four CFDP models,the requirement of BER for typical missions in deep space is obtained and rules of choosing CFDP models under different uplink state informations are given,which provides references for protocol models selection,utilization and modification.

Deep space multi-file delivery protocol based on LT codes

A deep space multi-file delivery protocol（DSMDP） based on LT codes is proposed to reduce the influence of long delay and a high bit error rate（BER） in deep space communication. The protocol increases sending redundancy by LT codes to improve the success rate of file delivery, and adopts different protective strategies for different situations of packet loss. At the same time, the multi-file united delivery strategy is adopted to make full use of the retransmission time to reduce the end-toend transmission delay. Furthermore, the protocol determines the quantity of encoded packets according to the feedback for controlling redundancy. The simulation results show that the proposed protocol can significantly reduce the transmission delay of files, which would be effectively suitable for deep space communication environment of high BER and long delay.

Discussion on data-security of space-earth integrated network and analysis ofspace communications protocol standards

The architecture and protocols of Internet can't work well in space environments. To form a reliable and safe space network, characteristics of space communication network one discusse, brief synthesis is performed for consultative committee for space data system (CCSDS) space communications protocol standards (SCPS), and a model accounting for data security problem of space-earth integrated network is provided.

Modeling and Simulation Study of Space Data Link Protocol

This research paper describes the design and implementation of the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) standards REF _Ref401069962 \r \h \* MERGEFORMAT [1] for Space Data Link Layer Protocol (SDLP). The primer focus is the telecommand (TC) part of the standard. The implementation of the standard was in the form of DLL functions using C++ programming language. The second objective of this paper was to use the DLL functions with OMNeT++ simulating environment to create a simulator in order to analyze the mean end-to-end Packet Delay, maximum achievable application layer throughput for a given fixed link capacity and normalized protocol overhead, defined as the total number of bytes transmitted on the link in a given period of time (e.g. per second) divided by the number of bytes of application data received at the application layer model data sink. In addition, the DLL was also integrated with Ground Support Equipment Operating System (GSEOS), a software system for space instruments and small spacecrafts especially suited for low budget missions. The SDLP is designed for rapid test system design and high flexibility for changing telemetry and command requirements. GSEOS can be seamlessly moved from EM/FM development (bench testing) to flight operations. It features the Python programming language as a configuration/scripting tool and can easily be extended to accommodate custom hardware interfaces. This paper also shows the results of the simulations and its analysis.

Delay Resistant Transport Protocol for Deep Space Communication

The throughput of conventional transport protocols suffers significant degradation with the increased Round Trip Time (RTT) typically seen in deep space communication. This paper proposes a Delay Resistant Transport Protocol (DR-TCP) for point-to-point communication in deep space exploration missions. The issues related to deep space communication protocol design and the areas where modifications are necessary are investigated, and a protocol is designed that can provide good throughput to the applications using a deep space link. The proposed protocol uses a cross layer based approach to find the allocated bandwidth and avoids initial bandwidth estimation. A novel timeout algorithm estimates the timeout duration with an objective to maximize throughput and avoid spurious timeout events. The protocol is evaluated through extensive simulations in ns2 considering high RTT values typically seen in Lunar and Mars Exploration Networks under different conditions of packet error rates. DR-TCP provides a significant increase in the throughput as compared to traditional transport protocols under the same conditions. A novel adaptive redundant retransmission algorithm is also presented to take care of the high PER in deep space links. The effect of the Retransmission Frequency has been critically analyzed considering both Lunar and Deep Space scenarios under different levels of PER. The results are very encouraging even in high error conditions. The protocol exhibits a RTT independent behavior in throughput, which is the most desirable quality of a protocol for deep space communication.

A Novel Formal Theory for Security Protocol Analysis of Denial of Service Based on Extended Strand Space Model

Denial of Service Distributed Denial of Service （DOS） attack, especially （DDoS） attack, is one of the greatest threats to Internet. Much research has been done for it by now, however, it is always concentrated in the behaviors of the network and can not deal with the problem exactly. In this paper, we start from the security of the protocol, then we propose a novel theory for security protocol analysis of Denial of Service in order to deal with the DoS attack. We first introduce the conception of weighted graph to extend the strand space model, then we extend the penetrator model and define the goal of anti-DoS attack through the conception of the DoS-stop protocol, finally we propose two kinds of DoS test model and erect the novel formal theory for security protocol analysis of Denial of Service. Our new formal theory is applied in two example protocols. It is proved that the Internet key exchange （IKE） easily suffers from the DoS attacks, and the efficient DoS- resistant secure key exchange protocol （JFK） is resistant against DoS attack for the server, respectively.

基于Strand Space的移动计算安全协议设计与正确性证明

安全协议对移动计算的安全性质起着决定作用。根据移动计算网络环境的特点,参照安全协议设计准则,以移动银行应用为背景设计了一个移动计算安全协议——MB协议,并基于Strand空间理论给出了正确性证明。

安全协议分析的界——综合模型检查与Strand Spaces(英文)

Strand Spaces是一种用于分析安全协议的机器证明方法.简要介绍了 Strand Spaces的基本特点,分析了其优劣,提出了构造协议的理想子环的算法,并以此来约束协议入侵者的能力和协议并行运行的次数.将模型检查与 Strand Spaces结合在一起,提出了一种综合分析方法来验证协议的安全特性,该方法可充分发挥模型检查与 Strand Spaces二者的优势.

基于Strand Space模型的CCITT X.509协议分析

运用前沿的安全协议形式化分析方法——StrandSpace模型理论,对CCITTX.509协议进行了分析,指出了该协议在保密性和认证正确性方面的缺陷,得到了BAN逻辑分析没有得到的保密性缺陷和相同的认证正确性缺陷.同时提出了改进的X.509协议,并用StrandSpace模型论证了改进协议的保密性和认证正确性.

Formal analysis of robust email protocol based on authentication tests

Based on the authentication tests and the strand space model, the robust email protocol with perfect forward secrecy is formally analyzed, and the security shortcomings of the protocol is pointed out. Meanwhile, the man-in-the-middle attack to the protocol is given, where the attacker forges the messages in the receiving phase to cheat the two communication parties and makes them share the wrong session keys with him. Therefore, the protocol is not ensured to provide perfect forward secrecy. In order to overcome the above security shortcomings, an advanced email protocol is proposed, where the corresponding signatures in the receiving phase of the protocol are added to overcome the man-in-the-middle attack and ensure to provide perfect forward secrecy. Finally, the proposed advanced email protocol is formally analyzed with the authentication tests and the strand space model, and it is proved to be secure in authentication of the email sender, the recipient and the server. Therefore, the proposed advanced email protocol can really provide perfect forward secrecy.

SpaceWire与SpaceFibre高速总线发展与研究

介绍SpaceWire总线和SpaceFibre网络的基本情况及其构成。分析了两者用于航天器时的优点。综述了两者在国内外发展和基础研究状况,给出了研究与应用中的高可靠SpaceWire-D信息组网和高速SpaceFibre网络传输等关键技术。

A SURVEY OF DEEP SPACE COMMUNICATIONS

Deep space communications has played an important role in deep space exploration. Compared with common satellite and terrestrial communications, deep space communications faces more challenging environment. The paper investigated the unique features of deep space communica-tions in detail, discussed the key technologies and its development trends for deep space communica-tions.

A FORMAL SPECIFICATION LANGUAGE FOR DYNAMIC STRAND SPACE MODEL

Specification language is used to provide enough information for the model of the cryptographic protocol. This paper first extends strand space model to dynamic strand model, and then a formal specification language for this model is defined by using BNF grammar. Compared with those in literatures, it is simpler because of only concerning the algebraic properties of cryptographic protocols.

ERROR COUNTER-BASED NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT MODE IN CCSDS FILE DELIVERY PROTOCOL

Deep space communication has its own features such as long propagation delays,heavy noise,asymmetric link rates,and intermittent connectivity in space,therefore TCP/IP protocol cannot perform as well as it does in terrestrial communications.Accordingly,the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems(CCSDS) developed CCSDS File Delivery Protocol(CFDP),which sets standards of efficient file delivery service capable of transferring files to and from mass memory located in the space segment.In CFDP,four optional acknowledge modes are supported to make the communication more reliable.In this paper,we gave a general introduction of typical communication process in CFDP and analysis of its four Negative Acknowledgement(NAK) modes on the respect of file delivery delay and times of retransmission.We found out that despite the shortest file delivery delay,immediate NAK mode suffers from the problem that frequent retransmission may probably lead to network congestion.Thus,we proposed a new mode,the error counter-based NAK mode.By simulation of the case focused on the link between a deep space probe on Mars and a ter-restrial station on Earth,we concluded that error counter-based NAK mode has successfully reduced the retransmission times at negligible cost of certain amount of file delivery delay.

基于D2D通信和虚拟MIMO的飞行器集群网络传输方案设计

在无中心飞行器集群网络中,非直通条件节点间不同的中继路径可能导致较大路径损耗落差,为有限资源前提下网络传输能力的提升带来困难。参考5G移动通信中的终端直通(Device to Device,D2D)技术与中继通信中的虚拟多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)技术,提出一套D2D通信与虚拟MIMO技术结合的无中心飞行器集群网络传输方案。重点研究在正交资源模式下,将不同的协作传输协议与空时编码进行组合,在信噪比、误比特率、接入概率等方面对通信性能的影响。仿真结果表明:D2D通信与虚拟MIMO技术结合的传输方案在不增加资源的前提下,对集群网络的通信性能有明显提升,且引入分布式空时编码可进一步优化误比特率性能,但3种传输协议在不同传输质量评价方向的改善有所不同。

基于递归认证测试的SIP协议形式化分析

文章以形式化分析方法证明协议安全为研究目的,以具有灵活性、开放性、可伸缩性等特性的SIP协议为研究对象,运用基于串空间理论改进的递归认证测试形式化分析方法,分析了一种BAN逻辑证明安全的SIP身份认证协商协议,发现了该协议执行过程中协议格式不准确、易受中间人攻击的缺陷,并提出了针对该协议缺陷的改进方案。结果表明,文章所提出的递归认证测试形式化分析方法比BAN逻辑更适用、更有效,同时改进方案也增强了SIP身份认证协商协议的安全性。

基于AKA的轻量级天地一体化网络终端接入认证方案

针对认证与密钥协商(AKA)协议接入认证方案中存在随机数明文传输、接入点存储成本过高和认证所需的比特通信量大等问题,提出一种轻量级的AKA协议加密接入认证方案。该方案用轻量级的密码算法ZUC加密需要传输的信息,调整信息传输的次序,引入哈希链技术,提高接入认证安全性的同时,减少了通信次数和存储负担,能够更好地适用于计算能力、存储空间、电功率等属性受限、信道带宽受限的天地一体化网络环境。

《空间数据与信息传输系统航天器1553B总线通信协议》国家标准解读

1553B总线在我国已广泛应用于各式各类的航天器中,取得了丰富的应用实践经验积累。制定GB/T 43669—2024《空间数据与信息传输系统航天器1553B总线通信协议》是为了解决1553B总线在各型号任务中制定的应用通信协议不够一致、难以跨任务、跨组织重用的问题,解决与底层1553B总线协议衔接的标准化设计问题。该标准提炼总结了我国1553B总线在航天器上应用实践的共性设计,借鉴了ECSS-E-ST-50-13C写作风格和思路,兼顾了与其在概念上和设计上的衔接,有利于今后的国际合作。本文介绍了该标准制订的背景、目的意义,以及标准主要内容的编制思路。

地月云网:跨域融合一体的地月空间网络

为了更好地发挥地月空间基础设施对各类用户的服务效能、构建跨域融合一体的地月空间网络,提出了地月云网概念,各星座/设施之间及其内部通过无线链路连接成网,并通过一体化网络协议实现地月空间组网。地月空间组网运行将对传统深空探测任务带来颠覆性变革,可以实现全时段测控、高效数据回传、器间任务协同等。然而,地月云网具有高动态、大时延、强异构特点,这给地月空间组网带来了挑战。对地月空间网络发展与特点进行了分析,构建了适应地月空间特征及满足未来深空探测网络节点互联需求的地月云网协议栈,具有一体化、通用化、分层化、智能化、国际化的特点,并对其数据面和控制面设计进行了阐述。同时对未来地月云网协议发展进行了展望,提出了关键技术。