The Evolving Roles of Landscaping in Campus Space Management: Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria in Focus

The aesthetic quality of most of the universities’ campus environment in Nigeria deserves attention considering the inadequate, misused and mismanagement of the campuses’ open spaces. This has exerted a major strain on the welfare and productivity of people (staff and students) in the universities. This study identifies the evolving positive roles of landscape in campus space management with a particular reference to the Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Random sampling method was adopted to collect data and information from the students, staff and heads of Planning and Horticulture Units of the institution. The results show that, challenges facing landscape planning in the university include inadequate finance, inadequate facilities, management problem and attitudinal problem of landscape users. The study recommends proper use and management of open space, landscape elements, outdoor rooms with various spatial qualities, and provision of enough funds to Planning and Horticulture units for landscape planning and environmental improvements.

A Study on the Trend of China＇s Space Legislation

The slow progress and lack of fundamental breakthroughs in legislative practices are an important subject for China's space legislation. Oriented by the idea to formulate China's space law as soon as possible, it is necessary to solve five key issues. In the national policy, it is needful not only to implement China's space policy and promote the development of the space industry in depth, but also to advance the deep integration of military and civil application in space field. In terms of legal orientation, three features should be reflected upon, including the functional integration of public and private laws, the balance of regulation by substantive and procedural laws, and the effective coordination of domestic and international laws. To this end, both top-level design and implementation should be paid close attention to in order to achieve significant progress in China's space legislation.

Primary pneumothorax:Should surgery be offered after the first episode?

Surgery is the recommended and most effective means of preventing the recurrence of primary spontaneous pneumothorax(PSP). However, the conventional belief amongst most clinicians is that surgery should not be routinely offered to patients with an uncomplicated first episode of PSP. The view that surgery should be reserved for recurrent episodes of ipsilateral PSP is based on an apprehension regarding traumatic thoracicsurgery combined with a perception that recurrences after a single episode of PSP are unlikely. Modern advances in minimally invasive thoracic surgery have now dramatically reduced the morbidity of PSP surgery. Such surgery is now safe, effective and causes minimal indisposition for patients. On the other hand, modern clinical data suggests that recurrence rate of PSP is perhaps much higher than previously assumed, with more than half of patients experiencing a second episode within several years of the first. With such new appreciations of the current situation, it is appropriate to now consider offering surgery to patients even after the first episode of PSP.

Solid rocket propulsion technology for de-orbiting spacecraft

This paper presents the topic of using solid rocket propulsion for de-orbiting spacecraft,in order to fulfil space debris mitigation requirements.The benefits and disadvantages of using such means are discussed.A dedicated system can be implemented in the satellite design phase and shall be a key subsystem of platforms inserted into orbit.Uncontrolled,semi-controlled and controlled de-orbit can be completed using solid rocket motors.Their impact on the space debris environment is discussed.Specific requirements for dedicated propellants and systems are provided.While the majority of presently developed rocket systems worldwide require high burn rates,several applications,including de-orbiting,benefit from solid propellants with decreased regression rates.This allows limiting spacecraft accelerations and loads during de-orbit manoeuvres.Moreover,the requirement of minimising solid particle generation is presented.Heritage technology from the Mercury and Gemini human spaceflight programmes,where de-orbit motors were used,is shown.Historical Soviet,American and Chinese film-return-capsule solid propellant retrorockets,enabling deorbit,are also presented.A detailed survey of current work worldwide on end-of-life disposal using solid propulsion is included.Challenges of developing dedicated systems are discussed.Finally,an outlook on solid rocket motor utilisation for space debris mitigation is provided.