Revealing the potential of apparent critical current density of Li/garnet interface with capacity perturbation strategy

Apparent critical current density(j_(Ac)^(a))of garnet all-solid-state lithium metal symmetric cells(ASSLSCs)is a fundamental parameter for designing all-solid-state lithium metal batteries.Nevertheless,how much the possible maximum apparent current density that a given ASSLSC system can endure and how to reveal this potential still require study.Herein,a capacity perturbation strategy aiming to better measure the possible maximum j_(Ac)^(a)is proposed for the first time.With garnet-based plane-surface structure ASSLSCs as an exemplification,the j_(Ac)^(a)is quite small when the capacity is dramatically large.Under a perturbed capacity of 0.001 mA h cm^(-2),the j_(Ac)^(a)is determined to be as high as 2.35 mA cm^(-2)at room temperature.This investigation demonstrates that the capacity perturbation strategy is a feasible strategy for measuring the possible maximum j_(Ac)^(a)of Li/solid electrolyte interface,and hopefully provides good references to explore the critical current density of other types of electrochemical systems.

Preparation of dense Ta-LLZO/MgO composite Li-ion solid electrolyte:Sintering, microstructure, performance and the role of MgO

Cubic phase Li7La3Zr2O12(LLZO),a member of the Li–Garnet family,is a promising solid electrolyte and has been widely studied in recent years.However,LLZO samples prepared via conventional ambient air sintering reported in the published literature often contain large grains with lower than desired(<94%)relative density.In this study,a non-contact method of co-firing with mother powder method is proposed to prepare high-quality Ta-doped LLZO–MgO composite ceramics.By sintering at 1150℃for 5 h,the ceramics can reach relative density of 98.2%,conductivity of 5.17×10^-4 S cm^-1 at 25℃and fracture strength of 150 MPa.The sintered samples have uniform fine-grained microstructure and high critical current densities of 0.75–0.95 mA cm-2 at room temperature in Li–Li symmetry cell with Au modification.In addition,systematic sintering experiments and characterizations are conducted to explore the function of MgO in inhibiting the Ta-LLZO grain growth and its existing form inside the composite ceramics.

LI-ideal Spaces of Lattice Implication Algebra

在这份报纸，一个拓扑的空格基于格子含意代数学的 LI 理想被构造，并且它的拓扑的性质紧密和 connectedness 例如可分性，被讨论。

STEADY-STATE RESPONSE OF A TIMOSHENKO BEAM ON AN ELASTIC HALF-SPACE UNDER A MOVING LOAD

By introducing the equivalent stiffness of an elastic half-space interacting with a Timoshenko beam, the displacement solution of the beam resting on an elastic half-space subjected to a moving load is presented. Based on the relative relation of wave velocities of the half-space and the beam, four cases with the combination of different parameters of the half-space and the beam, the system of soft beam and hard half-space, the system of sub-soft beam and hard half- space, the system of sub-hard beam and soft half-space, and the system of hard beam and soft half-space are considered. The critical velocities of the moving load are studied using dispersion curves. It is found that critical velocities of the moving load on the Timoshenko beam depend on the relative relation of wave velocities of the half-space and the beam. The Rayleigh wave velocity in the half-space is always a critical velocity and the response of the system will be infinite when the load velocity reaches it. For the system of soft beam and hard half-space, wave velocities of the beam are also critical velocities. Besides the shear wave velocity of the beam, there is an additional minimum critical velocity for the system of sub-soft beam and hard half-space. While for systems of （sub-） hard beams and soft half-space, wave velocities of the beam are no longer critical ones. Comparison with the Euler-Bernoulli beam shows that the critical velocities and response of the two types of beams are much different for the system of （sub-） soft beam and hard half-space but are similar to each other for the system of （sub-） hard beam and soft half space. The largest displacement of the beam is almost at the location of the load and the displacement along the beam is almost symmetrical if the load velocity is smaller than the minimum critical velocity （the shear wave velocity of the beam for the system of soft beam and hard half-space）. The largest displacement of the beam shifts behind the load and the asymmetry of the displacement along the beam increases with the increase of the load velocity due to the damping and wave racliation. The displacement of the beam at the front of the load is very small if the load velocity is larger than the largest wave velocity of the beam and the half space. The results of the present study provide attractive theoretical and practical references for the analysis of ground vibration induced by the high-speed train.

EFFECT OF SURFACE ENERGY ON DISLOCATION-INDUCED FIELD IN HALF-SPACE WITH APPLICATION TO THIN FILM-SUBSTRATE SYSTEMS

In this work the elastic field of an edge dislocation in a half-space with the effect of surface energy has been obtained. The elastic field is then used to study the image force on the dislocation, the critical thickness for dislocation generation in epitaxial thin films with strain mismatch and the yielding strength of thin films on substrates. The results show that the image forces on the dislocation deviate from the conventional solutions when the distance of the dislocation from the free surface is smaller than several times of the characteristic length. Also due to the effect of surface energy, the critical thickness for dislocation generation is smaller than that predicted by the conventional elastic solutions and the extent of the deviation depends on the magnitude of mismatch strain. In contrast, the effect of surface energy on the yielding strength for many practical thin films can be neglected except for some soft ones where the characteristic length is comparable to the thickness.

The Basics of Flat Space Cosmology

We present a new model of cosmology which appears to show great promise. Our flat space cosmology model, using only four basic and reasonable assumptions, derives highly accurate Hubble parameter H0, Hubble radius R0 and total mass M0 values for our observable universe. Our model derives a current Hubble parameter of , in excellent agreement with the newly reported (lower limit) results of the 2015 Planck Survey. Remarkably, all of these derivations can be made with only these basic assumptions and the current CMB radiation temperature . The thermodynamic equations we have generated follow Hawking’s black hole temperature formula. We have also derived a variety of other useful cosmological formulae. These include angular velocity and other rotational formulae. A particularly useful hyperbolic equation, , has been derived, which appears to be an excellent fit for the Planck scale as well as the current observable universe scale. Using the flat space Minkowski relativistic formula for Doppler effect, and a formula for staging our cosmological model according to its average mass-energy density at every Hubble time (universal age) in its expansion, a persuasive argument can be made that the observable phenomena attributed to dark energy are actually manifestations of Doppler and gravitational redshift. Finally, a theory of cosmic inflation becomes completely unnecessary because our flat space cosmology model is always at critical density.

Sequential Vision and Disorienting Experience of Garden Space in Asian Context:Comparative Analysis Based on the Residence of Ena de Silva and Xixi Villa

The blending of Eastern and Western cultures brought about by colonization was an important reason for the changes in Asian architecture in the 20th century.The passive input of Western design concepts into the local tradition caused a long swing in the design direction.The process of regionalism and global modernism from opposition to gradual integration can be found in the development of a series of Asian architectures.Based on the two architectural works of Geoffrey Bawa and Ge Ruliang,this paper discusses how Asian architects make in-depth regional expressions through garden space.

Monte Carlo evaluation of spatial multiple-bit upset sensitivity to oblique incidence

We investigate the impact of heavy ion irradiation on a hypothetical static random access memory （SRAM） device. Influences of the irradiation angle, critical charge, drain-drain spacing, and dimension of device structure on the device sensitivity have been studied. These prediction and simulated results are interpreted with MUFPSA, a Monte Carlo code based on Geant4. The results show that the orientation of ion beams and device with different critical charge exert indis- pensable effects on multiple-bit upsets （MBUs）, and that with the decrease in spacing distance between adjacent cells or the dimension of the cells, the device is more susceptible to single event effect, especially to MBUs at oblique incidence.

EXISTENCE OF NODAL SOLUTION FOR SEMI-LINEAR ELLIPTIC EQUATIONS WITH CRITICAL SOBOLEV EXPONENT ON SINGULAR MANIFOLD

In this article, we prove that semi-linear elliptic equations with critical cone Sobolev exponents possess a nodal solution.

THE EXISTENCE OF A NONTRIVIAL WEAK SOLUTION TO A DOUBLE CRITICAL PROBLEM INVOLVING A FRACTIONAL LAPLACIAN IN R^N WITH A HARDY TERM

In this paper,we consider the existence of nontrivial weak solutions to a double critical problem involving a fractional Laplacian with a Hardy term:(−Δ)s u−γu|x|2s=|u|2∗s(β)−2 u|x|β+[Iμ∗Fα(⋅,u)](x)fα(x,u),u∈H˙s(R n),(0.1)(1)where s∈(0,1),0≤α,β<2s<n,μ∈(0,n),γ<γH,Iμ(x)=|x|−μ,Fα(x,u)=|u(x)|2#μ(α)|x|δμ(α),fα(x,u)=|u(x)|2#μ(α)−2 u(x)|x|δμ(α),2#μ(α)=(1−μ2n)⋅2∗s(α),δμ(α)=(1−μ2n)α,2∗s(α)=2(n−α)n−2s andγH=4 sΓ2(n+2s4)Γ2(n−2s4).We show that problem(0.1)admits at least a weak solution under some conditions.To prove the main result,we develop some useful tools based on a weighted Morrey space.To be precise,we discover the embeddings H˙s(R n)↪L 2∗s(α)(R n,|y|−α)↪L p,n−2s2 p+pr(R n,|y|−pr),(0.2)(2)where s∈(0,1),0<α<2s<n,p∈[1,2∗s(α))and r=α2∗s(α).We also establish an improved Sobolev inequality,(∫R n|u(y)|2∗s(α)|y|αdy)12∗s(α)≤C||u||θH˙s(R n)||u||1−θL p,n−2s2 p+pr(R n,|y|−pr),∀u∈H˙s(R n),(0.3)(3)where s∈(0,1),0<α<2s<n,p∈[1,2∗s(α)),r=α2∗s(α),0<max{22∗s(α),2∗s−12∗s(α)}<θ<1,2∗s=2nn−2s and C=C(n,s,α)>0 is a constant.Inequality(0.3)is a more general form of Theorem 1 in Palatucci,Pisante[1].By using the mountain pass lemma along with(0.2)and(0.3),we obtain a nontrivial weak solution to problem(0.1)in a direct way.It is worth pointing out that(0.2)and 0.3)could be applied to simplify the proof of the existence results in[2]and[3].

Statistic Ensemble Theory of Small Superconducting Grains

We apply random matrix theory to small metallic grains in different spin-states of S=0,1/2,1,3/2,2,5/2,...,and find that there exist theoretical critical level spacings dc at which the superconductivity would break down.We also find that the higher the spin-state,the smaller the critical level spacing,and for the state of S=0 there actually exists the superconducting enhancement.

Critical Temperature of Deconfinement in a Constrained Space Using a Bag Model at Vanishing Baryon Density

The geometry of fireballs in relativistic heavy ion collisions is approximated by a static box,which is infinite in two directions while finite in the other direction.The critical temperature of deconfinement phase transition is calculated explicitly in the MIT bag model at vanishing baryon density.It is found that the critical temperature shifts to a value higher than that in an unconstrained space.

Effectiveness of Lightning Protection Devices

In addition to the conventional Franklin Rod,many non-conventional air terminals are being used as lightning protection devices.As cited in previous works,these non-conventional devices emit space charge in the vicinity of the terminals during the process of lightning stroke.A number of factors affect the performance of these lightning protection devices,among them are geometry and dimension of the devices,location of the device above the ground,height of the cloud above the ground,and polarity of the lightning stroke.The performance of these lightning protection devices has been a topic of discussion by researchers for many years.Some studies focused on the magnitude of emission current from these devices as a criterion to evaluate their performances.The critical flashover voltage(CFO)between the devices and a metal screen simulating cloud can also be used as another criterion to evaluate the performance of the devices.Laboratory measurements were conducted in controlled conditions on different types of lightning protection devices to compare their performance.Four different types of devices were used in the present study:Franklin Rod,TerraStat models TS 100,TS 400,and Spline Ball Ionizer.The study focused on the CFO voltage of the air gap between devices and the metal screen.The CFO voltage was evaluated using standard switching and lightning impulses.The measurements were recorded for positive as well as negative polarity.The air gap between the devices and metal screen was selected at 2 m and 3 m.The results obtained provide a better understanding of the electrical performance of lightning protection devices.

带p(x)-双调和算子的Kirchhoff型问题解的存在性

研究了一类带p(x)-双调和算子的Kirchhoff型问题解的存在性,利用临界点定理,得到问题至少存在一个非平凡弱解的充分条件.

变质改造型关键金属矿——富集Li-Rb-Cs-Tl-Ga的云母片岩

关键金属矿产是国际上最近提出的资源概念,对战略性新兴产业的发展至关重要,但认知程度较低。洛扎岩浆-变质杂岩体位于喜马拉雅带东部,侵位于藏南拆离系内。在岩体东北侧,云母片岩被含电气石淡色花岗岩捕虏。云母片岩主要由金云母、绿泥石和少量黑云母组成。从全岩地球化学成分来看,云母片岩具有含量较高的Al2O3(13.38%~14.32%)、K2O(6.09%~9.66%)、FeO^(*)(27.11%~30.09%)、MgO(15.25%~17.21%)、TiO_(2)(0.09%~0.26%),富集关键金属Li(650×10^(-6)~1031×10^(-6))、Rb(1649×10^(-6)~2773×10^(-6))、Cs(98×10^(-6)~229×10^(-6))、Tl(5.7×10^(-6)~12.1×10^(-6))、Ga(121×10^(-6)~148×10^(-6))。单矿物化学成分分析结果表明,金云母与全岩相似,也富集Li-Rb-Cs-Ga,这些关键金属元素以类质同象形式替代K进入金云母。年代学分析结果显示,锆石记录了分布广泛的碎屑年龄和新生代的变质事件。通过研究认为,洛扎地区云母片岩的原岩为沉积岩,在淡色花岗岩侵位过程中被捕虏,发生了低级变质作用;本文报道的金云母成矿作用,是锂矿成因的新类型:变质改造型。喜马拉雅造山带变沉积岩富集稀散金属铊和镓,表明该地区除了稀有金属元素外,稀散金属也有成矿潜力,是我国未来关键金属矿产勘探的又一重要地区。本文为建立喜马拉雅造山带关键金属的成矿模型提供了新的思路,未来需要加强该区和其他造山带变沉积岩关键金属成矿潜力的调查和研究。

WELL-POSEDNESS IN CRITICAL SPACES FOR THE FULL COMPRESSIBLE MHD EQUATIONS

In this paper we prove local well-posedness in critical Besov spaces for the full compressible MHD equations in R^N, N≥ 2, under the assumptions that the initialdensity is bounded away from zero. The proof relies on uniform estimates for a mixed hyperbolic/parabolic linear system with a convection term.

Elastic interaction between inclusions and tunable periodicity of superlattice structure in nanowires

The elastic stress distribution and the variation of the elastic energy with spacing between two inclusions of arbitrary sizes in an infinite isotropic cylindrical rod are obtained by an analytical approach and the phase field microelasticity(PFM)simulation.The results show a near-attraction and far-repulsion elastic interaction between two inclusions with hydrostatic dilatation.The critical spacing,at which the interaction changes from attraction to repulsion,is on the order of the radius of the rod,dependent on the length and Poisson’s ratio of inclusions.Furthermore,the elastic energy calculations and PFM simulation results indicate that applying the local radial stress on the rod surface can modulate the elastic interaction between inclusions and adjust the periodicity of the superlattice nanowire structure.This can provide some guidelines for the tunable construction of superlattice nanowire structures.

SPECIAL ISSUE： SPACE PRODUCTION AND URBAN ORDER IN CONTEMPORARY CHINA--From Object to Perspective： A Shift of Significance in Space Production and Space Criticism--The Issue of Space in Conceptualizing Contemporary Chinese Urban Construction

物质性的空间一是指自然物理空间，二是指社会空间即社会关系。空间生产包括空间中的生产和空间本身的生产两个向度的内涵。这两个向度内涵之间的关系和物理空间生产与社会空间生产之间的关系构成了空间生产中两大基本关系。这两大基本关系的辩证内涵表明，空间生产根本上可以归结为社会关系再生产。由此，关于空间生产问题的讨论就发生了一个根本性的意义转换，即从对象到视阈的意义转换。以此来审视，当代中国城市建构理念尚存在某些偏差，即对象与视阈的意义断裂与分离，由此造成了当代中国城市化进程中一些不必要的风险和代价。

一种在实空间重整化群中处理大Kadanoff原胞的方法

通过考虑晶格对称性，提出了一种便于在实空间重整化群中处理大Ｋａｄａｎｏｆｆ原胞的方法，在此方法中，对构形求和转化为对基本图形求和．利用此方法计算出了二级简平方晶格的临界指数．

页岩凝析气受限空间相态及开发特征研究

涪页10井的钻探获取了东岳庙段典型陆相页岩相关特征参数,其页岩储层介孔和大孔发育,非均质性较强,主要孔隙分布在10nm左右。纳米孔中受限流体的临界参数偏移使得受限空间下凝析气的流体性质与常规室内实验测试结果存在差异。为更合理地开采页岩凝析气,结合室内相态实验、受限流体临界参数偏移计算和数值模拟,开展页岩凝析气相态特征分析和开采特征研究,明确凝析气的相态变化规律和开采特征。考虑临界参数偏移的凝析气相态特征计算表明:随着孔隙半径减小,体系组分的临界温度、临界压力降低,相图向左下收缩,露点压力降低,气相黏度降低,偏差因子增加,反凝析液饱和度逐渐降低。通过机理模型分析了临界参数偏移对衰竭开采效果的影响,结果表明:随着孔隙半径减小,天然气采收率基本不变,凝析油采收率逐渐增加,孔隙半径减小至10nm,凝析油采收率增加9.93%。研究结果对页岩凝析气藏开发具有指导意义。