Characteristics and influencing mechanisms of production-living-ecological space dynamics in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area(TGRA),Chongqing,China

The Three Gorges Reservoir Area(TGRA)is an important ecological barrier in the Yangtze River Basin,China.Therefore,it is of great importance to understand the spatio-temporal variation and the driving factors of production-living-ecological spaces for sustainable and high-quality development in the TGRA.This study investigated the dynamic variation of production-living-ecological spaces in the TGRA by employing land use data in 2000,2005,2010,2015,and 2018,and detected the influencing factors by using the Geographic detector(GeoDetector).Results implied that the structure and dynamic trajectories of production-living-ecological spaces in the TGRA varied in both horizontal and vertical directions,and the study area was dominated by ecological space.A spatial orientation towards the northeast was detected in the evolution of production-living-ecological spaces during 2000-2018.In terms of quantity,the transition from ecological space(grassland and woodland)to agriculture land accounted for the largest proportion from 2000 to 2018.However,the reverse transition from agriculture land to ecological space has increased since 2000 with the efforts of“Grain for Green”.In terms of temporal scale,there was a fluctuating trend in production space with the continuous expansion of living space,while ecological space showed an inverted U-shaped trend during 2000-2018.The dynamic pattern of production-living-ecological spaces in the TGRA was influenced by both physical and socio-economic variables as basic determinants and dominant driving factors,respectively.Finally,the harmonization and protection of production-living-ecological spaces still require policy-makers’efforts.This work may have potential in advancing our understanding about land use conflicts,and provide a reference for rational layout of spatial functions and the realization of sustainable development in the TGRA.

Residents’attitudes and behaviours on private green spaces in the suburban areas of Central European countries

Green spaces in urban and suburban areas play a significant role in helping settlements adapt to climate change.The design,quantity,quality,and location of green spaces influence their ability to provide benefits to people and enhance the quality of life.Private green spaces,if adequately managed,can enhance the environmental quality.This study,based on a questionnaire survey and the Motivation/Attitude-Driven Behaviour(MADB)model,investigated how the attitudes and behaviours of residents shape private green spaces in 12 settlements of the 4 city regions(Cluj region,Nitra region,Kecskemét region,and Györ region)in 3 Central European countries(Hungary,Slovakia,and Romania).The results showed that beautiful natural environment,abundance of green spaces,beautiful settlement and streetscape,and village atmosphere were mentioned most often,along with good quality of life,with a mention rate of over 70.00%in the four city regions.Convenience also played a significant role in the management of green spaces,showing that convenience factors(less work,less waste,and cheaper management)more important for those who live in settlements nearer to the cities.The importance of biodiversity and ecology was positively correlated with socio-economic status such as education and financial situation.However,the importance of the utility of green spaces was less prevalent among original villagers and settlers.Moreover,we found that the percentage of green spaces of settlers is slightly higher than that of original villagers.The results of factor analysis revealed that socio-economic status can influence respondents’attitudes towards green spaces.It suggests to increase ecological awareness of residents,especially for new settlers,and promote good management techniques for green spaces.This study can improve the awareness of urban planners about the importance of green spaces in suburban areas.

Improving the Quality of Public Space in Old Residential Areas Based on Superposition and Intervention:A Case Study of Baihuazhou District of Nanchang City

With the development of cities,China has entered an era of stock planning.The functions of old residential areas in urban development can no longer meet the needs of residents in the new era for a better life,and new standards have been put forward for the quality of public spaces for living.This paper analyzes and sorts out the characteristics and problems of the public space in the old residential areas of Baihuazhou district.Combining superposition and intervention techniques,the spatial,historical,cultural and other characteristic elements of the residential areas are preserved to the greatest extent.The public space in the old residential areas of Baihuazhou District is updated and reconstructed in order to achieve the goal of improving the quality of its public space.

Analysis on the Green Space System Planning of Small Cities in Mountainous Areas

With the urban green space system planning of small cities in mountainous areas as the study object,the planning practices are analyzed and studied to summarize the common characteristics of urban green space system planning in those small cities.Being combined with relevant national standards and regulations,the problems that those small cities are faced with in their urban green space system planning are analyzed,then corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to resolve problems in the practical planning.

Proposal of Landscape Space Transfer Index and Changes of Landscape Area Based on Transfer Matrix——With Yutian County in Xinjiang as a Study Case

The most significant changes of landscape in a certain period are landscape area changes and spatial changes of landscape patches.Based on transfer matrix and total amount change of landscape area,landscape space transfer index and landscape area change index were established,and then applied to analyze plain oasis and desert in Yutian County,Xinjiang Uyghur Nationality Autonomous Region,the results showed that landscape space transfer in this region was drastic,but total landscape area changed only slightly,thus space transfer index was much higher than area change index,which indicated that landscapes in arid area were given with particular spatial undulant features and sensitivity,while man-made landscapes(artificial oasis) are stable and expanding to some extent.With landscape space transfer index as the comprehensive indicator,space transfer intensity of landscape within a certain period can be demonstrated,which is favorable for the comparison of landscape change intensity among different types and within different periods,in addition,some macroscopic change features of landscapes can also be reflected by comprehensively analyzing landscape space transfer index and landscape area change index.

Study on the Planning of Urban Green Space System in the Precinct Area of Dali City

This paper elaborated natural conditions of Dali City,jurisdictions which included 2 offices,2 towns,89 village offices and 429 natural villages,and planning scope which contained the precinct area of Dali City and covers a total area of 1 815 km2.In accordance with the urban development space and functional layout of "one lake,two lines and two slices"("one lake" refers to Erhai Lake;"two lines" stands for the area in the east and west of Erhai Lake;"two slices" indicates the area in the north and south of Erhai Lake),based on the construction of provincial and national garden city and of large landscape city,green spatial network system with the combination of "spot","line" and "surface" was put forward,so as to manifest "largeness","wideness","harmony" and "linkage".And finally,the planning structure of green space system of "two circles,two slices,four belts,seven spots and eighteen waterfronts area"("two circles" refers to the area around the lake and the area around the mountain,"two slices" stands for the area in the north and south of Erhai Lake,"four belts" means four landscape belts of the garden city,"seven spots" indicates the seven green landscape spots in villages and towns,"eighteen waterfronts area" is colored green belt in eighteen stream's basin) was proposed.

Space Pattern of Rural Leisure Tourism Development in Southwest Minority Area——A Case Study of Ethnic Minority Area in Southeast Chongqing

On the basis of analysis of current research documents on rural leisure tourism, taking ethnic minority area of Southeast Chongqing for example, the paper expounded ecology, culture, authenticity and uniqueness of rural leisure tourist resources in ethnic minority area, and city-dependent, scenic area-dependent, traffic route-dependent and remote characteristic village type of space pattern.

Numerical analysis of stability for mined-out area in multi-field coupling

There were differences between real boundary and blast hole controlling boundary of irregular mined-out area in underground metal mines. There were errors in numerical analysis of stability for goaf, if it was analyzed as regular 3D mined-out area and the influence of coupling stress-seepage-disturbance was not considered adequately. Taking a lead zinc mine as the background, the model was built by the coupling of Surpac and Midas-Gts based on the goaf model precisely measured by CMS.According to seepage stress fundamental equations based on the equivalent continuum mechanical and the theory about equivalent load of dynamic disturbance in deep-hole blasting, the stability of mined-out area under multi-field coupling of stress-seepage-dynamic disturbance was numerically analyzed. The results show that it is more consistent between the numerical analysis model based on the real model of irregular 3D shape goaf and the real situation, which could faithfully reappear the change rule of stress–strain about the surrounding rock under synthetic action of blasting dynamic loading and the seepage pressure. The mined-out area multi-field coupling formed by blasting excavation is stable. Based on combination of the advantages of the CMS,Surpac and Midas-Gts, and fully consideration of the effects of multi-field coupling, the accurate and effective way could be provided for numerical analysis of stability for mined-out area.

Numerical simulation for influence of excavation and blasting vibration on stability of mined-out area

Dynamic analysis steps and general flow of fast lagrangian analysis of continua in 3 dimensions(FLAC3D) were discussed. Numerical simulation for influence of excavation and blasting vibration on stability of mined-out area was carried out with FLAC3D. The whole analytical process was divided into two steps, including the static analysis and the dynamic analysis which were used to simulate the influence of excavation process and blasting vibration respectively. The results show that the shape of right upper boundary is extremely irregular after excavation, and stress concentration occurs at many places and higher tensile stress appears. The maximum tensile stress is higher than the tensile strength of rock mass, and surrounding rock of right roof will be damaged with tension fracture. The maximum displacement of surrounding rock is 4.75 mm after excavation. However, the maximum displacement increases to 5.47 mm after the blasting dynamic load is applied. And the covering area of plastic zones expands obviously, especially at the foot of right upper slope. The analytical results are in basic accordance with the observed results on the whole. Damage and disturbance on surrounding rock to some degree are caused by excavation, while blasting dynamic load increases the possibility of occurrence of dynamic instability and destruction further. So the effective supporting and vibration reducing measures should be taken during mining.

Instability identification on large scale underground mined-out area in the metal mine based on the improved FRBFNN

To identify the instability on large scale underground mined-out area in the metal mine effectively,the parameters of radial basis function were determined through clustering method and the improved fuzzy radial basis function neural network(FRBFNN)model of instability identification model about large scale underground mined-out area in the metal mine was built.The improved FRBFNN model was trained and tested.The results show that the improved FRBFNN model has high training accuracy and generalization ability.Parameters such as pillar area ratio,filling level and the value of rock quality designation have strong influence on instability of large scale underground mined-out area.Correctness of analysis about the improved FRBFNN model was proved by the practical application results about instability discrimination of surrounding rock in large-scale underground mined-out area of a metal mine in south China.

AREA FUNCTIONS ON HARDY SPACES ASSOCIATED TO SCHRDINGER OPERATORS

In this paper, the author gives a characterization of atomic Hardy spaces associated to Schrodinger operators by using area functions, and hence gets the dual spaces of atomic Hardy spaces.

Evaluation of the production-living-ecology space function suitability of Pingshan County in the Taihang mountainous area,China

A rational utilization of land is a matter of importance in sustainable development of mountainous area.The land function in mountainous areas has a close connection with space structure of ecology,production and living.To promote a harmonious development of the relationship between people and nature in mountainous areas,it is necessary to coordinate their relationships of space functions.Suitability evaluation of basic unit function associated with multi-scale space analysis is a prerequisite to a reasonable optimization of land function structure.In this study,an optimized evaluation index system of combination functions was introduced into the assessment of ecological spatial functional suitability in ecological fragile regions by adding three indicators,namely,soil erosion sensitivity,landscape ecological risk and ecological sensitivity.The principle of"taking high"(referred to a function with high suitability to be regarded as the main function of an evaluation unit)and ecological priority(referred to the case,supposing the suitability of a unit’s three functions is consistent,the main function is determined to be the ecological function)were used to determine the main function of an evaluation unit.Pingshan County,China,located at the eastern foot of the Taihang Mountain,was targeted in this case study.The production-livingecology space(PLES)function in Pingshan was identified by applying our improved valuation indexes.Further,the functional suitability distribution of the combination of elements was obtained by using overlapping comprehensive analysis method,considering the tradeoff of the functional suitability of combination elements.The regions suitable for production/living were distributed in relatively flat piedmont plains,whereas the regions suitable for ecology were distributed in the mountain areas of middle and low altitudes.Therefore,to maintain a sustainable development in mountainous areas,an improved scheme of development for Pingshan should be to delineate ecologically fragile areas,to build ecological industrial parks near existing scenic spots,to protect basic agricultural production areas,and to increase investment in science and technology,including reasonable ecological compensation.This study can provide reference for the planning of sustainable development in the Taihang Mountain area and similar regions.

Quantitative analysis of biotechnical reinforcement for a steep slope consisting of composite coal-gangue-soil medium adjacent to a mined-out area

The engineering and geological characteristics of a steep slope consisting of coal gangue, rock and soil medium in Huating coal mine have been comprehensively investigated. Owing to humid weather, heavy rainfall, vegetation and porous characteristics of the soil and rock mass, the steep slope will be destabilized and induce mud-rock flow or derive hazard easily. Firstly, based on the classical slope reinforcement theory, some regularity between the shear and displacement in the destabilized zone of the slope with or without root strength contribution is presented. Then, based on the experimental and statistical analysis of root strength, hydrological characteristics and stability status, etc., some possible biotechnical techniques for reinforcement of the steep slope have been suggested. These methods are important for quantitative analysis of destabilization of the slope and design of the biotechnical reinforcement.

Tourism sectorization opportunity spectrum model and space partition of tourism urbanization area:a case of the Mayangxi ecotourism area,Fujian province,China

Nowadays, tourism has become an increasingly significant driving force of modern urbanization in China. However, it has caused varieties of problems, such as resource unreasonable utilization, society unfair play, and environment pollution, etc. Thus, the establishment of an efficient and sustainable space partition model for tourism urbanization, from the geographical perspective, is highly necessary and urgent. Herein, a new evaluation model of tourist town space, referred to as Tourism Sectorization Opportunity Spectrum(TSOS), is established on the relationships between productionliving-ecology spaces. TSOS is a kind of quantitative evaluation model involving such factors as urban living area, ecological conservation area and the tourism industry. Furthermore, the analysis of quantitative production-living-ecology spatial overlap has been utilized for space division in a tourism urbanization area. This paper, using both the TSOS model and GIS technology, analyzes the spatial restructure of the Mayangxi ecotourism area. Theresult demonstrates that tourism industrial space takes the Shanchong Village as a core which shows a pattern of local regional agglomeration and a fuzzy edge extending along the entire Mayangxi River. The urban living area should be consolidated in the Shili village with the supporting facilities and living space for tourism. In addition, Tianzhu Mountain forest park should be the key environmental protection area. The case study on the Mayangxi ecotourism area verifies that the TSOS model has strong operability. Therefore, TSOS model provides a scientific foundation for the space reconstruction of new urbanization area, and an effective tool for optimizing the space partition of a tourism urbanization area.

Street Space in Traditional Settlements in Mountainous Area of North China

With mountainous area of North China as the research objective,the study analyzed street space in traditional settlements in mountainous area of North China from the perspective of form,structure and culture,hoping to find some methods and laws that could be served as the reference for the design of living environment in future.

Time function of surface subsidence based on Harris model in mined-out area

The surface subsidence is a common environmental hazard in mined-out area. Based on careful analysis of the regularity of surface subsidence in mined-out area, we proposed a new time function based on Harris curve model in consideration of the shortage of current surface subsidence time functions. By analyzing the characteristics of the new time function, we found that it could meet the dynamic process, the velocity change process and the acceleration change process during surface subsidence. Then its rationality had been verified through project cases. The results show that the proposed time function model can give a good reflection of the regularity of surface subsidence in mined-out area and can accurately predict surface subsidence. And the prediction data of the model are a little greater than measured data on condition of proper measured data quantity, which is safety in the engineering. This model provides a new method for the analysis of surface subsidence in mined-out area and reference for future prediction, and it is valuable to engineering application.

AREA INTEGRAL FUNCTIONS FOR SECTORIAL OPERATORS ON L^p SPACES

Area integral functions are introduced for sectorial operators on L^p-spaces. We establish the equivalence between the square and area integral functions for sectorial operators on L^p spaces. This follows that the results of Cowling, Doust, McIntosh, Yagi, and Le Merdy on H^∞ functional calculus of seetorial operators on LP-spaces hold true when the square functions are replaced by the area integral functions.

Influence of underground space development mode on the groundwater flow field in Xiong’an new area

The degree and scale of underground space development are growing with the continuous advancement of urbanization in China.The lack of research on the change of the groundwater flow field before and after the development of underground space has led to various problems in the process of underground space development and operation.This paper took the key development zone of the Xiong’an New Area as the study area,and used the Groundwater modeling system software(GMS)to analyse the influence on the groundwater flow field under the point,line,and surface development modes.The main results showed that the underground space development would lead to the expansion and deepening of the cone of depression in the aquifer.The groundwater level on the upstream face of the underground structure would rise,while the water level on the downstream face would drop.The“line”concurrent development has the least impact on the groundwater flow field,and the maximum rise of water level on the upstream side of the underground structure is expected to be approximately 3.05 m.The“surface”development has the greatest impact on the groundwater flow field,and the maximum rise of water level is expected to be 7.17 m.

AREA INTEGRAL FUNCTIONS AND H∞ FUNCTIONAL CALCULUS FOR SECTORIAL OPERATORS ON HILBERT SPACES

Area integral functions are introduced for sectorial operators on Hilbert spaces. We establish the equivalence relationship between the square and area integral functions. This immediately extends McIntosh/Yagi＇s results on H∞ functional calculus of sectorial operators on Hilbert spaces to the case when the square functions are replaced by the area integral functions.

Research on Age-friendly Open Spaces Design in Residential Areas of Small Towns

Taking the accelerating aging and newly promoted urbanization as backdrops, this paper, on one side, analyzed the demands for parks, squares, fi tness facilities, chairs, etc. of elders in small towns from perspectives of unique physical, psychological and social features of elders. On the other side, it also tackled the inadequacies of open spaces in small towns. Moreover, it proposed strategies such as creating social activity spaces, cultivating therapeutic green landscapes, constructing diversely secure fi tness spaces and building age integrated environments, etc. for designing age-friendly open spaces in small towns.