A Method for the Configuration Design of a Space Truss Deployable Mechanism and Its Application

A method based on the metamorphic principle is proposed for the analysis of the configuration design of a space truss deployable mechanism. The configuration change and correspondent topological graphs and adjacency matrixes at different work-stage of the mechanism, which is helpful to completely understand the composition and change rules of the metamorphic mechanism, are analyzed to indicate the metamorphic relationship in one working cycle. Furthermore, the static distance matrix, dynamic distance matrix and stiffness matrix of the mechanism are derived to assess the ability of the designed configuration to reveal some of the topological characteristics like compactness, dynamic sensitivity and stiffness. Using this proposed method in a space truss deployable mechanism helps the designer to evaluate its performance at the conceptual stage of design and make a rapid, reasonable selection for configuration design, which provides means for processing its type of analysis by computer.

A simple analytical solution for predicting deflection of a hybrid FRP-aluminum modular space truss bridge

A novel hybrid FRP-aluminum space truss was employed in a two-rut modular bridge superstructure, which is composed of standard structural units. The main objective of this work was to obtain a simple analytical solution that can conveniently predict the deflection of the proposed hybrid space truss bridge. The analytical formulae are expected to possess a straightforward format and simple calculation process. A simple description of the proposed bridge was introduced. The design formulae of the deflection were derived based on a simplified analytical plane truss model, which possessed hinge nodes and was subsequently simplified as two solid web beams during the theoretical derivation process. To validate the analytical model and formulae, numerical and experimental works were conducted and compared with the theoretical solutions. The results indicate that the analytical formulae provide higher deflection magnitudes with a difference of <1.5% compared with the experiments performed and <4.5% compared with the FE model used; the simplified plane truss is thus shown to be an effective analytical model for the derivation of deflection design formulae, which can conveniently calculate the deflection of the hybrid space truss bridge with satisfactory accuracy.

Sequence Planning for On-Orbit Assembly of Large Space Truss Structures in a Multirobot Environment

An approach to sequence planning for on-orbit assembly of large space truss structures in a multirobot environment is presented. A hierarchical representation of large space truss structures at the structural volume element level and strut level is adopted. The representation of connectivity matrix and directed graph is respectively presented at the strut level and SVE level. The multirobot environment that consists of autonomous space robots and struts is supposed. Then the multirobot serial assembly strategy,assembly states,assembly tasks and assembly sequences are described. The assembly sequence planning algorithms at the strut level and SVE level are respectively discussed. The results of the simulations show that this approach is feasible and efficient. Two extensions of this approach include more accurate assessment of the efficiency representation and improvements in planning algorithm. In the future,the assembly sequence planning of more large space truss structures and complex multirobot environments and assembly tasks will be considered.

Quasi-static Deployment Simulation for Deployable Space Truss Structures

A new method was proposed for quasi-static deployment analysis of deployable space truss structures. The structure is assumed a rigid assembly, whose constraints are classified as three categories:rigid member constraint, joint-attached kinematic constraint and boundary constraint. And their geometric constraint equations and derivative matrices are formulated. The basis of the null space and M-P inverse of the geometric constraint matrix are employed to determine the solution for quasi-static deployment analysis. The influence introduced by higher terms of constraints is evaluated subsequently. The numerical tests show that the new method is efficient.

Bilateral shear strength of rectangular frame column based on simplified space truss-arch model

To investigate the bilateral shear strength of rectangular frame column subjected to oblique horizontal load, we presented a simplified space truss-arch model developed from unilateral truss-arch model. Main parameters in the new model were the cross-sectional area, transverse reinforcement raito, axial load, and material strength of the column. The reduction coefficient of concrete sterength owing to the severe cracking of column was also introduced in the model. Finally, 14 specimens under oblique horizontal load were tested to verified the feasibility and applicability of the space truss-arch model.

Space truss construction modeling based on on-orbit assembly motion feature

More space truss construction has been planned to develop and utilize space resources.These trusses are designed in the way of large-scale,complex,modular,and on-orbit assembly.To meet the upcoming challenge of large-scale space infrastructure construction,it is necessary to study space truss automation design and robotic construction.This paper proposes an ordinal finite screw adjacency matrix model(OFSAMM),focusing on the relationship between assembly motions,to express and compute a space truss structure.In this model,a space truss is abstracted as a set of ordered assembly motions,each of which is recorded as a finite screw as the basic element of the truss and its assembly.The operation of truss transformation is also derived under this model.Therefore,the truss configuration,the assembly sequence,the truss sub-assembly,the truss components,and the on-orbit assembly task can be expressed and calculated in a unified model,which is calculated and stores the truss topology and assembly with the minimum storage cost.At the end of this paper,we introduce how to synthesize and optimize space truss design through two cases.The study will help to improve design efficiency.Furthermore,it provides a theoretical basis for the automatic construction of space truss structures,especially in the next stage.

Characteristics of bifurcation and buckling load of space truss in consideration of initial imperfection and load mode

This study investigated characteristics of bifurcation and critical buckling load by shape imperfection of space truss,which were sensitive to initial conditions.The critical point and buckling load were computed by the analysis of the eigenvalues and determinants of the tangential stiffness matrix.The two-free-nodes example and star dome were selected for the case study in order to examine the nodal buckling and global buckling by the sensitivity to the eigen buckling mode and the analyses of the influence,and characteristics of the parameters as defined by the load ratio of the center node and surrounding node,as well as rise-span ratio were performed.The sensitivity to the imperfection of the initial shape of the two-free-nodes example,which occurs due to snapping at the critical point,resulted in bifurcation before the limit point due to the buckling mode,and the buckling load was reduced by the increase in the amount of imperfection.The two sensitive buckling patterns of the numerical model are established by investigating the displaced position of the free nodes,and the asymmetric eigenmode greatly influenced the behavior of the imperfection shape whether it was at limit point or bifurcation.Furthermore,the sensitive mode of the two-free-nodes example was similar to the in-extensional basis mechanism of a simplified model.The star dome,which was used to examine the influence among several nodes,indicated that the influence of nodal buckling was greater than that of global buckling as the rise-span ratio was higher.Besides,global buckling is occurred with reaching bifurcation point as the value of load ratio was higher,and the buckling load level was about 50%-70% of load level at limit point.

Out-of-plane elastic buckling load and strength design of space truss arch with a rectangular section

The out-of-plane stability of the two-hinged space truss circular arch with a rectangular section is theoretically and numerically investigated in this paper.Firstly,the flexural stiffness and torsional stiffness of space truss arches are deduced.The calculation formula of out-of-plane elastic buckling loads of the space truss arch is derived based on the classical solution of out-of-plane flexural-torsional buckling loads of the solid web arch.However,since the classical solution cannot be used for the calculation of the arch with a small rise-span ratio,the formula for out-of-plane elastic buckling loads of space truss arches subjected to end bending moments is modified.Numerical research of the out-of-plane stability of space truss arches under different load cases shows that the theoretical formula proposed in this paper has good accuracy.Secondly,the design formulas to predict the out-of-plane elastoplastic stability strength of space truss arches subjected to the end bending moment and radial uniform load are presented through introducing a normalized slenderness ratio.By assuming that all components of space truss circular arches bear only axial force,the design formulas to prevent the local buckling of chord and transverse tubes are deduced.Finally,the bearing capacity design equations of space truss arches are proposed under vertical uniform load.

大口径空间光学望远镜桁架结构关键技术研究进展

近年来大口径空间光学望远镜以高像质、宽波段、大幅宽等特点,在开展空间科学探索、精细化对地观测等方面越来越重要。大口径望远镜的主承力结构、大型光学组件的支撑结构往往采用桁架结构,本文围绕实现桁架结构的超轻、超稳特性,从构型优化设计、新型材料、先进制造工艺、精确测量标定方法等方面,系统性梳理了其理论基础、研究方法、应用现状等,并探讨了空间桁架结构技术的发展趋势。

环形桁架式空间薄膜展开机构运动精度可靠性建模与分析

空间薄膜展开机构的姿态和位置精度会对薄膜索网的工作形态产生影响。文章首先构建环形桁架式空间薄膜展开机构运动精度可靠性理论模型,然后基于ADAMS建立考虑展开机构杆长误差的参数化仿真模型,并采用蒙特卡罗法对展开机构进行运动精度可靠性仿真分析,求解运动精度可靠度。结果表明,以机构展开到位时折展杆支撑点所拟合的空间圆心坐标位置误差及半径误差作为其运动精度可靠性量化评价指标是正确的。该研究可为空间薄膜展开机构的可靠性设计提供参考。

大跨度双曲空间桁架钢结构地铁车站施工关键技术研究

大跨度双曲空间桁架钢结构具有造型优美宏伟、空间利用率高等特点,在重要建筑工程项目上应用较多。该类结构形式复杂,跨度大,制作及安装难度大、技术要求高。北京大剧院地铁车站采用大跨度双曲空间桁架钢结构,造型极具特色。基于此,文章以北京大剧院地铁车站工程为例,对该工程采用的“弦支穹顶结构+双向错层交叉网格屋盖+中心落地花篮柱+周圈辅助支承体系”总体设计方案及结构安装步骤展开论述,对该工程双曲空间桁架钢结构施工关键技术进行研究和总结,以期为钢结构建设创新发展奠定技术基础,为其他类似工程设计及施工提供参考和借鉴。

大跨扶梯钢桁架结构现场加载试验与分析

某商场自动扶梯大跨度钢桁架结构需要检测其在正常使用极限状态下的挠度与应力,该钢桁架水平跨度47.9 m,仅在两端设有支座,整体悬空且最高处离地面35 m。现场难以采用直接堆载方式加载,故提出一种空间加载系统。在桁架节点处悬挂精轧螺纹钢筋,以地下室楼板作为反力装置,利用千斤顶完成加载。首先对加载系统进行承载力、整体稳定及局部稳定验算,采用SAP2000有限元软件对地下室梁板结构进行验算,发现竖向拉力会导致原结构梁板开裂,因此选择在板上堆载的方式以减少拉力对原结构的影响。现场试验结果表明,该加载系统对原地下室梁板结构未造成损害,钢桁架实测挠度和应力情况与原结构设计计算相符。

某100 m跨越桁架结构设计

为提高大跨度空间钢桁架结构应用水平,及时总结设计经验,结合工程实例,对大跨度空间桁架结构的矩形截面和三角形截面进行结构选型对比,选择稳定性更好的矩形截面。考虑项目正常使用环境,结构材料选择Q355–D来提高结构可靠度;由于温度作用影响明显,桁架支座采用椭圆形孔,通过支座滑动释放温度应力,同时管线每隔6.5 m设置1道滑动支座,管线与支座间设置聚乙烯滑动绝缘垫,以降低滑动摩擦系数。为提高基础抗滑移及抗倾覆能力,同时考虑边坡稳定,独立基础埋深为6.0 m,基础短柱顶部设螺栓与跨越支座连接固定,并设置抗剪键来抵抗支座处的剪力。项目钢管焊接为全熔透焊,焊缝质量等级为一级。为满足防腐蚀要求,防腐涂层厚度设计为350μm,要求设计防腐使用年限不小于15年,并定期检查和维护。

大跨度桁架整体多机抬吊施工技术及受力分析

结合某综合保税区主卡口钢桁架结构的吊装实践,通过有限元软件计算进行受力分析和施工校核确保结构安全、稳定,通过分析确定吊点位置及数量,保障结构在起吊过程中的结构强度。验证了大跨度钢桁架整体多机抬吊的施工技术的可行性,可为同类工程提供有效借鉴。

西北某高校体育馆大跨钢屋盖结构方案比选与设计

针对西北某高校体育馆钢屋盖结构方案比选,对比分析了两种屋盖方案布置的合理性和用钢量指标。采用3D3S软件对钢结构屋盖进行单独分析与设计,并采用YJK设计软件对比赛场馆上部钢结构与下部混凝土结构进行整体建模分析。最终选用双层(局部3层)正放四角锥螺栓球网架结构体系,支座四周采用3层网架变截面轻盈出挑,以实现建筑造型要求。对关键支座节点采用midas FEA进行了有限元分析验算。结果表明:采用网架变截面悬挑体系能更好地实现建筑造型,节点受力更合理且用钢量更低;支座选用双向抗震球铰钢支座,能有效减小温度应力的不利影响;关键节点采用有限元辅助分析是有必要的。

某拱形空间管桁架结构稳定性能分析

大跨空间结构常因整体稳定不足而造成严重的安全隐患,针对某实际工程中拱形空间管桁架结构采用参数化分析方法进行整体稳定性能分析研究,考虑了缺陷幅值、重要杆件以及几何参数等因素对结构稳定承载力的影响。研究表明:在不利组合工况作用下,临界荷载系数为6.03,结构稳定性较好;结构对初始缺陷不敏感,其稳定系数变化不足4%;斜腹杆局部失稳下结构仍具有较强的承载能力;考虑双重非线性效应,在一定范围内增大其宽高比和外径比可以显著提高结构稳定承载能力,并给出宽高比控制在0.5~1之间、外径比控制在0.5左右的设计建议。研究结果为此类结构的设计与施工提供了参考。

空间钢管桁架结构的力学特性

以大底盘多塔环形钢框架体系的中心区钢结构为主要研究对象,选取了A2区钢结构重点研究,建立了6种荷载工况来分析该结构的位移最不利位置,并将实际工程位移监测数据与模型中分析所得位移数据进行对比,得出结论:对比工况2、工况4和工况6的3种情况,工况6的拉应力和压应力普遍偏大,且薄弱位置基本集中在屋顶钢梁及右侧非悬空部分的最左侧;3种工况下应力最小值都出现在3623号杆件,说明在不同工况中结构的位移最不利位置都相同。

大跨度异形空间钢桁架安全吊装施工技术

钢桁架具有结构跨度大、异形、施工复杂且常规设备难以完成整体吊装等特点,制定合适的吊装方案是保证钢桁架结构质量和安全的关键。吊装方案的选取需要综合考虑钢桁架吊装过程中结构的应力比和变形、运输难度、高空焊接量、安全性等因素。该文以“中国传感器十大园区”——重庆市传感器特色产业基地暨西部(重庆)科学城北碚园区主出入口大跨度钢结构桁架安装为例,对比分析了各种吊装方案的优缺点。对比发现分三段吊装方案对吊装设备和场地要求低,吊装危险性较低,可实施性较好。在此基础上,结合现场施工环境和工期成本,对大跨度异形钢桁架分段吊装的整体施工流程、施工工艺、技术要点等进行了详细介绍。该工程对大跨度异形钢桁架吊装方案的尝试,为相关复杂工程的吊装方案提供了一定的借鉴。

中国黄海湿地博物馆结构设计

中国黄海湿地博物馆在原盐城火车站基础上进行改建,下部结构采用框架+BRB结构,上部屋盖采用大跨度桁架加强网壳结构。对大跨度屋盖选型优化进行了简化模型对比分析,对格构柱底铰接、刚接方案进行了讨论,对超限判断和应对措施、钢屋盖整体稳定和抗连续倒塌能力、下部主体结构加固方案进行了介绍。结果表明:桁架加强网壳结构结合了桁架和网壳结构的优势,钢屋盖整体稳定性能和抗连续倒塌性能均较好。马鞍形屋面相比平屋面,竖向和水平刚度均大很多,结构设计时充分利用桁架加强网壳结构和马鞍形造型的优势,实现了用较小的结构高度实现大跨空间。