Meta databases of steel frame buildings for surrogate modelling and machine learning-based feature importance analysis

Traditionally,nonlinear time history analysis(NLTHA)is used to assess the performance of structures under fu-ture hazards which is necessary to develop effective disaster risk management strategies.However,this method is computationally intensive and not suitable for analyzing a large number of structures on a city-wide scale.Surrogate models offer an efficient and reliable alternative and facilitate evaluating the performance of multiple structures under different hazard scenarios.However,creating a comprehensive database for surrogate mod-elling at the city level presents challenges.To overcome this,the present study proposes meta databases and a general framework for surrogate modelling of steel structures.The dataset includes 30,000 steel moment-resisting frame buildings,representing low-rise,mid-rise and high-rise buildings,with criteria for connections,beams,and columns.Pushover analysis is performed and structural parameters are extracted,and finally,incorporating two different machine learning algorithms,random forest and Shapley additive explanations,sensitivity and explain-ability analyses of the structural parameters are performed to identify the most significant factors in designing steel moment resisting frames.The framework and databases can be used as a validated source of surrogate modelling of steel frame structures in order for disaster risk management.

Evaluation of the fishbone model in simulating the seismic response of multistory reinforced concrete moment-resisting frames

The fishbone model is a simplified numerical model for moment-resisting frames that is capable of modelling the effects of column-beam strength and stiffness ratios. The applicability of the fishbone model in simulating the seismic responses of reinforced concrete moment-resisting frames of different sets of column-beam strength and stiffness ratios are evaluated through nonlinear static, dynamic and incremental dynamic analysis on six prototype buildings of 4-, 8-and 12-stories. The results show that the fishbone model is practically accurate enough for reinforced concrete frames, although the assumption of equal joint rotation does not hold in all cases. In addition to the ground motion characteristics and the number of stories in the structures, the accuracy of the model also varies with the column-beam stiffness and strength ratios. The model performs better for strong column-weak beam frames, in which the lateral drift patterns are better controlled by the continuous stiffness provided by the strong columns. When the inelastic deformation is large, the accuracy of the model may be subjected to large record-to-record variability. This is especially the case for frames of weak columns.

Frame erasure concealment in wideband speech coding based on large hidden Markov model

Frame erasure concealment is studied to solve the problem of rapid speech quality reduction due to the loss of speech parameters during speech transmission. A large hidden Markov model is applied to model the immittance spectral frequency （ISF） parameters in AMR-WB codec to optimally estimate the lost ISFs based on the minimum mean square error （MMSE） rule. The estimated ISFs are weighted with the ones of their previous neighbors to smooth the speech, resulting in the actual concealed ISF vectors. They are used instead of the lost ISFs in the speech synthesis on the receiver. Comparison is made between the speech concealed by this algorithm and by Annex I of G. 722. 2 specification, and simulation shows that the proposed concealment algorithm can lead to better performance in terms of frequency-weighted spectral distortion and signal-to-noise ratio compared to the baseline method, with an increase of 2.41 dB in signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） and a reduction of 0. 885 dB in frequency-weighted spectral distortion.

Nonlinear damage model for seismic damage assessment of reinforced concrete frame members and structures

A nonlinear damage model based on the combination of deformation and hysteretic energy and its validation with experiments are presented.Also,a combination parameter is defined to consider the mutual effect of deformation and hysteretic energy for different types of components in different loading stages.Four reinforced concrete (RC) columns are simulated and analyzed using the nonlinear damage model.The results indicate that the damage evolution evaluated by the model agrees well with the experimental phenomenon.Furthermore,the seismic damage evolution of a six-story RC frame was analyzed,revealing four typical failure modes according to the interstory drift distribution of the structure;the damage values calculated using the nonlinear damage model agree well with the four typical failure modes.

Application of time series modeling to a national reference frame realization

This paper presents an option for modern dynamic terrestrial reference system realization in Uzbekistan for user needs. An additive model is explored to predict patterns of time series and investigate means of constructing forecast time series models in the future. The main components(trend, periodical, and irregular) of the KIUB(DORIS) and KIT3, TASH, MADK, and MTAL(GNSS) international stations coordinate time series were investigated. It was shown that seasonal nonlinear trends occurred both in the height(U) component of all stations and the east(E) component of high mountainous stations such as MTAL and MADK. The seasonal periodical portion of the time series determined from the additive model has a complicated pattern for all sites and can be explained as both hydrological signals in the region and improvement of observational quality. Amplitudes of the best-fitting sinusoids in the North component ranged between 1.73 and 8.76 mm; the East component ranged between 0.82 and 11.92 mm; and the Up component ranged between 3.11 and 40.81 mm. Regression analysis of the irregular portion of the height component of the two techniques at the Kitab station using tropospheric parameters(pressure and temperature) was confirmed as only 57% of the stochastic portion of the time series.

PHYSICAL MODELLING OF ISOTHERMAL DIE FORGING PROCESS OF Ti-ALLOY STRUCTURAL AIR-FRAME PART WITH ETYPE CROSS-SECTION AND VARYING THICKNESS RIB

Isothermal flashless die forging process of Ti - alloy structural air - frame part with varying thickness rib has been modelled in this paper.The results of present study show that a upside - down trapezoid rib would be formed and buckling would occure as blank is reduced,if the thickness of billet is maller than or equal to the thickness of rib. During modelling process of structural air frame part with E type cross - section rib, the saddle or lap would be formed finally at the middle of transverse rib between ribs with increase in deformation.If metal is allowed to flow out at confluence of longitudinal and transverse rib, the lop defect would be eliminated,, but a pipe cavity is obvious on corresponding loca- tion of blank. of defect formation depends on distance of metal flow ,friction,temperature homoge- neity of the blank and complexity of the part.

Extended intrinsic mean spin tensor for turbulence modelling in non-inertial frame of reference

We investigate the role of extended intrinsic mean spin tensor introduced in this work for turbulence modelling in a non-inertial frame of reference. It is described by the Euclidean group of transformations and, in particular, its significance and importance in the approach of the algebraic Reynolds stress modelling, such as in a nonlinear K-ε model. To this end and for illustration of the effect of extended intrinsic spin tensor on turbulence modelling, we examine several recently developed nonlinear K-ε models and compare their performance in predicting the homogeneous turbulent shear flow in a rotating frame of reference with LES data. Our results and analysis indicate that, only if the deficiencies of these models and the like be well understood and properly corrected, may in the near future, more sophisticated nonlinear K-ε models be developed to better predict complex turbulent flows in a non-inertial frame of reference.

W-F STRUCTURE: A NEW ALGORITHM ON WIRE-FRAME MODELING

This paper advances a new algorithm oriented to geometry modeling (GM) by using frame model. The elemental data structure of frame model is the vertex. This afeoithm provides a general and rapid method. By this way,we can link the vertices to construct the elemental frame and need not consider the topological relation among vertices which consist of the concrete entity. Then, we can combine the elemental frames to complete frame modeling by using aided-line method referring to concrete entity. We will discuss two keystones in the paper. Then we give a 3D geometry modeling example based on wire-frame model using the new algorithm.

Model Experiment on Integral Seismic Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Frame with Split Columns

Based on a series of previous studies, an experiment on the integral seismic behavior of a 1/3 scaled model of two-bay and three-story reinforced concrete frame with split columns at lower two stories is performed under cyclic loading. The original columns at lower two stories of the model frame are short columns and they are replaced by the split columns. The hysteresis curves between the horizontal cyclic load and the lateral displacement at the top of the model frame, indicate that under the cyclic loading, the model frame undergoes the process of cracking, yielding, and maximum loading before being destroyed at the ultimate load. They also indicate that the model frame has better ductility, and the ratio of the ultimate displacement to the yielding displacement, reaches 6.0. The yielding process of the model frame shows that for the frame with split columns, plastic hinges are generated at the ends of beams and then the columns begin yielding while the frame still possesses the bearing and deformation capacity. The design idea of directly changing the short column to long one in the reinforced concrete frame may be realized by replacing the short column with the split one.

Bilateral shear strength of rectangular frame column based on simplified space truss-arch model

To investigate the bilateral shear strength of rectangular frame column subjected to oblique horizontal load, we presented a simplified space truss-arch model developed from unilateral truss-arch model. Main parameters in the new model were the cross-sectional area, transverse reinforcement raito, axial load, and material strength of the column. The reduction coefficient of concrete sterength owing to the severe cracking of column was also introduced in the model. Finally, 14 specimens under oblique horizontal load were tested to verified the feasibility and applicability of the space truss-arch model.

An Improved Functional Hierarchy Frame Model for System Maintainability

By means of analogy, this paper analyses the present functional hierarchyframe model for system maintainability, and presents an improved model. Practical applicationindicates that the improved model is visualized, more convenient and perfected over the perviousmodels.

A theoretical model to predict the rising trajectory of single bubble with zigzagging path in still water

The rising motion of single bubble in still liquid is a natural phenomenon,which has high theoretical research significance and engineering application prospect.Experimental observations and numerical simulations for prediction of the rising trajectory of a single bubble in still liquid are being carried out,while the concise but accurate theoretical or mechanism model is still not well developed.In this article,a theoretical model of a single bubble based on experimental observation of flow around bluff body is proposed to predict the rising trajectory of zigzagging bubbles in still water.The prediction correlation of bubble lateral movement frequency and bubble steer angle are established based on three degrees of freedom frame.The model has achieved good trajectory prediction effect in the bubble rising experiment.The average simulation time per unit moving time of bubble is 2.5 s.

Quantum Realities and Observer-Dependent Universes: An Advanced Observer Model

This paper presents a novel observer model that integrates quantum mechanics, relativity, idealism, and the simulation hypothesis to explain the quantum nature of the universe. The model posits a central server transmitting multi-media frames to create observer-dependent realities. Key aspects include deriving frame rates, defining quantum reality, and establishing hierarchical observer structures. The model’s impact on quantum information theory and philosophical interpretations of reality are examined, with detailed discussions on information loss and recursive frame transmission in the appendices.

A MULTIPLE STRUCTURE RECONSTRUCTION ALGORITHM BASED ON WIRE FRAME MODEL

A “LAG & RLC” visualization algorithm has been presented to display a clear three dimensional structure from stereo slice data which has the characteristics of multiple layer structure. This algorithm is based on wire frame model which can do multiple logical operations and has multiple display effects. It has wide use in biomedical science and computer graphics. The practical system is based on PC with a TVGA adapter at least 512k byte display memory and 2M byte extended memory.

Analyzing the mid-low porosity sandstone dry frame in central Sichuan based on effective medium theory

Tight gas sandstone reservoirs in Guang＇an are characterized by wide distribution and low abundance. Sandstone samples from this area usually have low porosity and poor connectivity. We analyze the observed velocity data of tight sandstone samples with the Mori- Tanaka model, and give the sandstone framework physical model in this area based on theory and experiment analysis. The matrix modulus was obtained by an empirical relationship and then the experiment data were compared with the values predicted by the Mori-Tanaka model with different pore shapes. The results revealed that the experiment data were close to the model with low pore aspect ratio. Considering the matrix modulus and pore shape variation, we find that, under the condition of small mineral composition change, the effective pore aspect ratio of these samples increased with porosity evidently.

基于N-K模型改进的FRAME建筑火灾风险评估

为了提高建筑火灾风险评估结果的准确性,降低建筑物火灾的危害性和事故损失程度,通过分析火灾事故原因,对FRAME模型中的评价指标体系进行改进和优化,探讨建筑消防安全管理水平对建筑物火灾风险、人员风险、建筑内活动风险的影响,并利用改进的FRAME模型评估堪培拉市某大楼的火灾风险。结果表明,采用N-K模型对指标体系中的风险因素进行耦合计算后,一级指标体系中四因素耦合风险为0.0507,大于其他耦合情况,验证了一级指标体系中增加建筑消防安全管理水平的准确性。堪培拉市该大楼的建筑物火灾风险由原来的2.11降低为1.12,人员风险由原来的6.56降低为4.24,建筑物内活动风险由原来的1.42降低为0.79,建筑物安全管理水平的增加会降低人员风险等级和建筑物内活动风险等级。

“大学英语B”移动学习实证研究——基于FRAME模型的设计与开发

随着信息技术的发展,移动学习越来越受到各级各类教育和培训机构的青睐。众多机构和院校纷纷设立项目开展研究,但这些研究要么尚局限于大学的普适技术实验室,要么在学校中被看作是课堂学习的补充,即使是在电大系统中也大多当作信息交流和日常管理的平台。本研究以电大系统广泛采用的蓝卓校园网为平台,以北京广播电视大学五所分校的100名本科学生为研究对象,采用手机彩信(MMS)方式为试点学生发送教育部统考"大学英语B"微型课件。本研究以FRAME移动学习分析模型为出发点,在实验前期对学习对象、教学设计、内容呈现等方面做了充分调研。经过一个学期的试点后,从实验效果、学习者认可度和对下一步实验的意见、建议等方面实施了调查问卷和访谈。研究结果表明,与控制组学生相比,实验组学生考试通过率大幅度提升,绝大部分成人学习者对这种学习方式持欢迎态度,并对扩大试点范围和内容针对性等方面提出了建议。由于该研究是基于教学实践的实证研究,将对以后移动学习的普及乃至泛在学习的未来发展提供案例参考。

基于E-Model的语音帧分组传输性能研究

voIP的语音帧分组大小是实时语音传输的关键参数。为提高网络效率和最大话路数,采用EModel的方法分析了RTP包中语音帧个数、语音长度、丢包概率和抖动缓冲区大小对语音质量的影响,给出了不同带宽时的最佳传输分组大小。仿真结果表明,在保证最基本的话音质量情况下,为不同链路确定合适的分组语音帧数能有效提高链路的最大话路数。

Composition of Model Interface--A Theorem of Model Composition

Building a model for a object through model composition is a interesting topics, this paper research the interface composit ion of models in the Zeigler’s modeling methodology DEVS.

基于非齐次FRAME模型的感兴趣目标定位算法

传统的基于形状信息目标定位算法,对目标发生形变及其阻挡的情况下的检测存在较大的困难。为此,本文提出一种基于非齐次FRAME(Inhomogeneous Filters,Random filed,And Maximum Entropy,缩写IFRAME)模型的感兴趣目标检测算法,该模型由能在位置和方向进行局部扰动的基函数组成,是一种可变形模板,因此一定程度上提高定位算法在物体发生形变情况下的鲁棒性。经过多组实验结果表明,本文所提出的算法能较好地解决目标在发生形变、存在遮挡以及复杂背景下的定位问题。