A novel Time-Interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converter (TIADC) digital background calibration for the mismatches of offsets, gain errors, and timing skews based on split-ADC is proposed. Firstly, the split-ADC channels ...A novel Time-Interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converter (TIADC) digital background calibration for the mismatches of offsets, gain errors, and timing skews based on split-ADC is proposed. Firstly, the split-ADC channels in present TIADC architecture are designed to convert input signal at two different channel sampling rates so that redundant channel to facilitate pair permutation is avoided. Secondly, a high-order compensation scheme for correction of timing skew error is employed for effective calibration to preserve high-resolution when input frequency is high. Numerical simulation performed by MATLAB for a 14-bit TIADC based on 7 split-ADC channels shows that Signal-to-Noise and Distortion Ratio (SNDR) and Spurious Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) of the TIADC achieve 86.2 dBc and 106 dBc respectively after calibration with normalized input frequency near Nyquist frequency.展开更多
5D Space-Time-Energy World-Universe Model is a unified model of the World built around the concept of Medium, composed of massive particles (protons, electrons, photons, neutrinos, and dark matter particles). The Mode...5D Space-Time-Energy World-Universe Model is a unified model of the World built around the concept of Medium, composed of massive particles (protons, electrons, photons, neutrinos, and dark matter particles). The Model provides a mathematical framework that enables precise calculation of medium-bound physical parameters: Hubble’s parameter, intergalactic plasma parameters, temperature of microwave background radiation and the rest mass of photons. This paper aligns the World-Universe Model (WUM) with the theoretical framework developed by Prof. P. S. Wesson, albeit assigning a new physical meaning to the fifth coordinate. In the World-Universe Model, the fifth dimension is associated with the total energy of the Medium of the World, and the gravitomagnetic parameter of the Medium serves as the dimension-transposing parameter.展开更多
A new approach is presented for deriving the residence time distribution(RTD)in open-type reactors with exclusion of residence in the fore section.Inasmuch as failure to predict the con-version of chemical reactions h...A new approach is presented for deriving the residence time distribution(RTD)in open-type reactors with exclusion of residence in the fore section.Inasmuch as failure to predict the con-version of chemical reactions has been evidenced in many occasions,numerical solution of tracerdispersion in the presence of background concentration gradient of reactant is given to demonstratethe strong effect of background reactant on the true RTD a reactant molecule experiences.Withinthe error of computation,the conversion of a first-order chemical reaction under steady state is shownto be equal in both closed and open reactors,despite difference in relevant展开更多
Purpose: The cosmic microwave background radiation, CMB, is fundamental to observational cosmology, and is believed to be a remnant from the Big Bang. The CMB, Planck time, t<sub>P</sub>, and the Hubble co...Purpose: The cosmic microwave background radiation, CMB, is fundamental to observational cosmology, and is believed to be a remnant from the Big Bang. The CMB, Planck time, t<sub>P</sub>, and the Hubble constant, H<sub>0</sub>, are important cosmologic constants. The goal is to accurately derive and demonstrate the inter-relationships of the CMB peak spectral radiance frequency, t<sub>P</sub>, and H<sub>0</sub> from neutron and hydrogen quantum data only. Methods: The harmonic neutron hypothesis, HNH, evaluates physical phenomena within a finite consecutive integer and exponential power law harmonic fraction series that are scaled by a fundamental frequency of the neutron as the exponent base. The CMB and the H<sub>0</sub> are derived from a previously published method used to derive t<sub>P</sub>. Their associated integer exponents are respectively +1/2, −3/4, and −128/35. Results: Precise mathematical relationships of these three constants are demonstrated. All of the derived values are within their known observational values. The derived and known values are: ν<sub>CMB</sub>, 160.041737 (06) × 10<sup>9</sup> Hz, ~160 × 10<sup>9</sup> Hz;2.72519 K, 2.72548 ± 0.00057 K, H<sub>0</sub> 2.29726666 (11) × 10<sup>−18</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, ~2.3 × 10<sup>−18</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>;and t<sub>P</sub> 5.3911418 (3) × 10<sup>−44</sup> s, 5.39106 (32) × 10<sup>−44</sup> s. Conclusion: The cosmic fundamental constants t<sub>P</sub>, H<sub>0</sub>, and CMB are mathematically inter-related constants all defined by gravity. They are also directly derivable from the quantum properties of the neutron and hydrogen within a harmonic power law.展开更多
Taking the development of the times as the background,the historical evolution of modern architecture is combed from the perspective of the initial stage of industrialization to post-industrialization and then to the ...Taking the development of the times as the background,the historical evolution of modern architecture is combed from the perspective of the initial stage of industrialization to post-industrialization and then to the information age.It can be seen that there is a close connection between development and modern architecture in the context of the times.With the advancement of science and technology,the construction of buildings has undergone varying degrees of changes due to aesthetics,materials,structure,humanities,and technology.Behind these changes are the results of the progress and development of social productivity.While changing people’s social cognition,it also changes the development process of architecture.展开更多
The lateral wave in ultrasonic TOFD （time of flight diffraction） image has a tail in transit time, which disturbs the detection and evaluation of shallow weld defect. Meanwhile, the lateral wave and back-wall echo t...The lateral wave in ultrasonic TOFD （time of flight diffraction） image has a tail in transit time, which disturbs the detection and evaluation of shallow weld defect. Meanwhile, the lateral wave and back-wall echo that act as background add redundant data in digital image processing. In order to separate defect wave from lateral wave and prepare the way for following image processing, an algorithm of background removal method named as mean-subtraction is developed. Based on this, an improved method by statistic of the energy distribution in the image is proposed. The results show that by choosing proper threshold value according to the axial energy distribution of the image, the background can be removed automatically and the defect section becomes predominant. Meanwhile, diffractive wave of shallow weld defect can be separated from lateral wave effectively.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61076026)
文摘A novel Time-Interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converter (TIADC) digital background calibration for the mismatches of offsets, gain errors, and timing skews based on split-ADC is proposed. Firstly, the split-ADC channels in present TIADC architecture are designed to convert input signal at two different channel sampling rates so that redundant channel to facilitate pair permutation is avoided. Secondly, a high-order compensation scheme for correction of timing skew error is employed for effective calibration to preserve high-resolution when input frequency is high. Numerical simulation performed by MATLAB for a 14-bit TIADC based on 7 split-ADC channels shows that Signal-to-Noise and Distortion Ratio (SNDR) and Spurious Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) of the TIADC achieve 86.2 dBc and 106 dBc respectively after calibration with normalized input frequency near Nyquist frequency.
文摘5D Space-Time-Energy World-Universe Model is a unified model of the World built around the concept of Medium, composed of massive particles (protons, electrons, photons, neutrinos, and dark matter particles). The Model provides a mathematical framework that enables precise calculation of medium-bound physical parameters: Hubble’s parameter, intergalactic plasma parameters, temperature of microwave background radiation and the rest mass of photons. This paper aligns the World-Universe Model (WUM) with the theoretical framework developed by Prof. P. S. Wesson, albeit assigning a new physical meaning to the fifth coordinate. In the World-Universe Model, the fifth dimension is associated with the total energy of the Medium of the World, and the gravitomagnetic parameter of the Medium serves as the dimension-transposing parameter.
文摘A new approach is presented for deriving the residence time distribution(RTD)in open-type reactors with exclusion of residence in the fore section.Inasmuch as failure to predict the con-version of chemical reactions has been evidenced in many occasions,numerical solution of tracerdispersion in the presence of background concentration gradient of reactant is given to demonstratethe strong effect of background reactant on the true RTD a reactant molecule experiences.Withinthe error of computation,the conversion of a first-order chemical reaction under steady state is shownto be equal in both closed and open reactors,despite difference in relevant
文摘Purpose: The cosmic microwave background radiation, CMB, is fundamental to observational cosmology, and is believed to be a remnant from the Big Bang. The CMB, Planck time, t<sub>P</sub>, and the Hubble constant, H<sub>0</sub>, are important cosmologic constants. The goal is to accurately derive and demonstrate the inter-relationships of the CMB peak spectral radiance frequency, t<sub>P</sub>, and H<sub>0</sub> from neutron and hydrogen quantum data only. Methods: The harmonic neutron hypothesis, HNH, evaluates physical phenomena within a finite consecutive integer and exponential power law harmonic fraction series that are scaled by a fundamental frequency of the neutron as the exponent base. The CMB and the H<sub>0</sub> are derived from a previously published method used to derive t<sub>P</sub>. Their associated integer exponents are respectively +1/2, −3/4, and −128/35. Results: Precise mathematical relationships of these three constants are demonstrated. All of the derived values are within their known observational values. The derived and known values are: ν<sub>CMB</sub>, 160.041737 (06) × 10<sup>9</sup> Hz, ~160 × 10<sup>9</sup> Hz;2.72519 K, 2.72548 ± 0.00057 K, H<sub>0</sub> 2.29726666 (11) × 10<sup>−18</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, ~2.3 × 10<sup>−18</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>;and t<sub>P</sub> 5.3911418 (3) × 10<sup>−44</sup> s, 5.39106 (32) × 10<sup>−44</sup> s. Conclusion: The cosmic fundamental constants t<sub>P</sub>, H<sub>0</sub>, and CMB are mathematically inter-related constants all defined by gravity. They are also directly derivable from the quantum properties of the neutron and hydrogen within a harmonic power law.
基金Sponsored by Hebei Postgraduate Demonstration Curriculum Construction Project(KCJSX2020081)。
文摘Taking the development of the times as the background,the historical evolution of modern architecture is combed from the perspective of the initial stage of industrialization to post-industrialization and then to the information age.It can be seen that there is a close connection between development and modern architecture in the context of the times.With the advancement of science and technology,the construction of buildings has undergone varying degrees of changes due to aesthetics,materials,structure,humanities,and technology.Behind these changes are the results of the progress and development of social productivity.While changing people’s social cognition,it also changes the development process of architecture.
基金This project is supported by National High Technique Project (2002AA305402)
文摘The lateral wave in ultrasonic TOFD （time of flight diffraction） image has a tail in transit time, which disturbs the detection and evaluation of shallow weld defect. Meanwhile, the lateral wave and back-wall echo that act as background add redundant data in digital image processing. In order to separate defect wave from lateral wave and prepare the way for following image processing, an algorithm of background removal method named as mean-subtraction is developed. Based on this, an improved method by statistic of the energy distribution in the image is proposed. The results show that by choosing proper threshold value according to the axial energy distribution of the image, the background can be removed automatically and the defect section becomes predominant. Meanwhile, diffractive wave of shallow weld defect can be separated from lateral wave effectively.
