Unification Might Be Achievable by a Hypothesis of Instantaneous Time-Jumps during Photon and Graviton Interactions (A Brief Note)

Quantum theory according to the Copenhagen interpretation holds that, when a quantum interaction is observed (i.e., “measured”), the observer’s measuring devices temporarily become a part of the quantum system. Relativity theory holds that the event clock of the absorbed or emitted photon or graviton is frozen in time relative to all clocks outside the observed system. If we harmonize both theories, this would appear to imply that time continuity must be interrupted at each instant of observed photon or graviton interaction with matter. It is as if a segment of space-time is clipped out during each such observed interaction. If so, we must dispense with the notion of an absolutely smooth and continuous space-time and replace it with an observation-dependent, discontinuous, relativistic/quantum space-time. Mathematical physicists should be able to model this hypothesis (call it a “time-jump hypothesis”) and its inherent discontinuous space-time in their further efforts at unification.

基于高速摄影技术的弹丸炸高测量方法

基于低空低速弹药的工作原理、自身特点、技术指标,以某型反恐弹药为研究对象,以高速摄影机为主要测试仪器,通过对镜头景深、像素点标定、时间统一、全站优化等的设计,得到一种高精度低成本的测试方法并通过靶试验证精确可靠。结果表明,该测试方法可为低空低速弹药的外弹道优化设计提供试验数据支撑。

基于舰艇平台授时技术现状及发展研究

为了解军用授时技术现状及发展,结合基于舰艇平台的授时技术对自身及编队时间统一能力的深刻影响,对国内外军用授时技术发展现状进行了相应的研究。通过对授时基本技术、授时技术在国内舰艇的应用、国外军用授时技术发展等方面的理论研究,概括了基于舰艇平台的授时技术现状及发展情况,最后总结提出了我国未来授时技术的发展方向以及需要大力加强无外部授时源方法研究,旨在为未来军用授时技术的发展研究提供一定的参考。

Planck Quantised General Relativity Theory Written on Different Forms

This paper is a brief review of our work on the Planck quantized version of general relativity theory. It demonstrates several straightforward methods to rewrite the same equations that we have already presented in other papers. We also explore a relatively new general relativity-inspired field equation based on the original Newtonian mass, which is very different from today’s kilogram mass. Additionally, we examine two other field equations based on collision space-time, where both energy and matter can be described simply as space and time. We are thereby fulfilling Einstein’s dream of a theory where energy and mass are not needed, or are just aspects of space and time. If this is extended beyond the 4-dimensional space-time formalism of general relativity theory to a 6-dimensional framework with 3 space dimensions and 3 time dimensions, this ultimately reveals that they are two sides of the same coin. In reality, it is a three-dimensional space-time theory, where space and time are just two sides of the same coin.

The Derivation of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation Peak Spectral Radiance, Planck Time, and the Hubble Constant from the Neutron and Hydrogen

Purpose: The cosmic microwave background radiation, CMB, is fundamental to observational cosmology, and is believed to be a remnant from the Big Bang. The CMB, Planck time, tP, and the Hubble constant, H0, are important cosmologic constants. The goal is to accurately derive and demonstrate the inter-relationships of the CMB peak spectral radiance frequency, tP, and H0 from neutron and hydrogen quantum data only. Methods: The harmonic neutron hypothesis, HNH, evaluates physical phenomena within a finite consecutive integer and exponential power law harmonic fraction series that are scaled by a fundamental frequency of the neutron as the exponent base. The CMB and the H0 are derived from a previously published method used to derive tP. Their associated integer exponents are respectively +1/2, −3/4, and −128/35. Results: Precise mathematical relationships of these three constants are demonstrated. All of the derived values are within their known observational values. The derived and known values are: νCMB, 160.041737 (06) × 109 Hz, ~160 × 109 Hz;2.72519 K, 2.72548 ± 0.00057 K, H0 2.29726666 (11) × 10−18 s−1, ~2.3 × 10−18 s−1;and tP 5.3911418 (3) × 10−44 s, 5.39106 (32) × 10−44 s. Conclusion: The cosmic fundamental constants tP, H0, and CMB are mathematically inter-related constants all defined by gravity. They are also directly derivable from the quantum properties of the neutron and hydrogen within a harmonic power law.

The Unified Description of a Solution-Particle

This work derives a unified description of a solution-particle using movement rate of component vibrations (strings). Projected Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic data from a patient on Efavirenz are used. Differential equations are used to formulate a system that governs a solution-particle field. A reconnaissance (frame) wave that envelops a solution-particle is derived. Its conductivity and diffusivity fluxes are found. The movement of the reconnaissance wave is found to be faster than diffusion and pilot waves. A solution-particle is accompanied by the three waves, diffusion, pilot and the frame and is active only at the boundary of space and time.

Space, Time, and the Creation of Universe

The understanding about the creation of our universe is explored in many philosophies, natural sciences, religions, ideologies, traditions, and disciplines. Current natural science cannot answer this question at the fundamental level. In this work, we combine the ancient Chinese Tao wisdom about the creation with quantum physics. We propose that everything comes from the emptiness. Our universe is manifested from the emptiness through two pairs of duality measurements： space and time duality pair and inclusion and exclusion duality pair. From this understanding, we are able to derive one mathematic formula describing our universe. It also yields a new metaphysical approach to derive and interpret string theory as well as produce more testable predictions from string theory. This work gives a new way to understand and mathematically describe how our universe is created and evolved. It provides another way to comprehend the meaning and function of space and time. It indicates that our universe is manifested from the emptiness through human actions. Space and time is a pair of duality action and codes that help manifest our universe. It provides answer to an important philosophical question about whether and why we can understand and mathematically describe our universe.

Relativity Isoframes—A Useful and Potentially Unifying Conceptual Framework

This brief note introduces the conceptual framework of special and general relativity isoclocks and isoframes. Isoclocks and isoframes, as defined herein, can be used to create geometrical maps of space and time (“space-time”) with and without matter embedded. They are useful for having a mental picture of space-time relationships without having to picture 4-dimensional manifolds, which very few students and scientists are able to do. With the aid of the optical lensing definition of curvature as inverse radius, a new gravitational force equation is derived, which also incorporates Einstein’s mass/energy relation in the mx term. Thus, one may see how it is that gravitational force correlates with its time-embedded curvature-squared (Cx2) space in a more accurate formulation than could be envisioned by Newton. This becomes more apparent in high gamma fields, such as found near a black hole horizon. It is hoped that probability theories, such as quantum field theories in curved space-time, might be adaptable to the general relativity isoframe concept introduced herein.

政府专职消防队伍创新管理实践探索——张家口专职消防队伍推行“四统一”管理模式

政府专职消防队伍是国家综合性消防救援队伍的重要补充力量,是消防救援队伍的重要组成部分,承担着火灾扑救和应急救援等工作,为维护经济发展和保卫人民生命财产安全做出了突出贡献。近年来,河北省张家口市坚持问题导向,创新管理模式,创造性开展以“统一征召、统一分配、统一保障、统一管理”为基础的“四统一”管理实践探索,积极稳妥推进政府专职消防队伍改革,实现了“政府负责、消防使用、共同管理”的运行机制,通过近五年的实践探索,全市政府专职消防队伍发展呈现出向上向好态势,队伍规范化管理水平和灭火救援能力显著提升。

标准地铁列车供风系统技术参数统型分析

基于标准地铁车辆条件,对供风系统的总风工作压力和初充风时间两个关键顶层参数的统型开展了分析。通过仿真计算,对比了不同总风工作压力下列车制动次数的差异,分析了车辆编组、城市海拔高度等因素对列车初充风时间的影响。结果表明,总风工作压力提高将有助于增加制动允许次数,当其从750~900 kPa提高到800~950 kPa后,紧急制动次数增加1次,最大常用制动次数增加2次;海拔高度的增加、系统空压机停机压力的提高和空压机标称排量的增大均会导致列车初充风时间延长,而车辆编组的增加也会导致初充风时间延长,初充风时间顶层参数的统型不可一概而论,应区分不同海拔高度、不同车辆编组因素,文章对标准地铁总风工作压力及初充风时间指标统型提出了建议。

我国沿海岛礁常用高程传递技术适用性评价

沿海岛礁建立与国家高程系统相统一的高程基准,是岛礁开发、建设和保护的基础。对我国沿海岛礁4种常用的跨海高程传递方法:三角高程测量法、短时同步验潮法、GNSS/水准法和重力位差法,从基本原理、工程实践、误差分析和适用条件等方面进行了全面系统地阐述与分析。结果表明:在近岸20 km跨距范围内,4种方法均可使用,其中三角高程测量法最常用。选择合理的测量方案,测量精度可达国家二等水准测量规范要求;离岸20~100 km距离的高程传递,在条件允许的情况下,可在陆海之间海中加观测平台接力传递高程,也可采用短时同步验潮法、GNSS/水准或重力位差法传递高程;对离岸100 km及以上距离的高程传递仍然面临较多困难。

GPS/GLONASS/GALILEO多星座组合导航系统研究

通过对多星座组合导航系统的分析,对多星座组合导航定位算法进行了研究。由于GPS、GLONASS、GALILEO系统分别采用了不同的坐标系,文中利用坐标系变换将不同星座统一到同一个坐标系中,采用增加状态变量的方法实现了组合系统的时间统一,从而实现了多星座间的时空统一;针对多星座组合系统的可见卫星数目大大增加的特点,采用最小二乘的方法实现了用户的导航定位解算,提高了用户的定位精度。通过对GPS/GLONASS/GALILEO多星座组合导航系统的仿真研究,其结果表明:与GPS单星座相比,GPS/GLONASS/GALILEO多星座组合导航系统,同一时间内可见卫星数目大大增加,PDOP值明显减小,有效提高了导航定位精度,具有良好的定位性能和可靠性。

分布式系统的时间同步算法研究及应用

实现分布式系统时间同步的方法有两种 :一是将外部时间基准引入分布式系统的绝对时间同步 ,二是仅在分布式系统内部使用算法实现同步的相对时间同步。本文详细讨论了适用于局域网的各种时间同步算法 ,并对部分算法的应用结果进行了分析。

时间统一系统中多基准时间源的设计

为了提高国防科研试验系统中各用户设备单元的时间同步精度,需要研制安全可靠的时间源。首先给出了时间源的结构组成与系统模型,重点分析了时间基准对时间源系统性能的影响。针对单一时间基准为时间源提供基准时间信号存在可靠性的问题,提出采用多时间基准冗余配置的方法提高时间源的稳定性和可靠性。在此基础上设计了基于GPS/北斗系统的双模时间源,并对系统性能进行了验证,实验结果表明该时间源的性能达到了ITU-T G811规范的要求,可用作CDMA基站的基准时钟。

基于嵌入式Linux系统的时间统一平台

通过描述硬件体系结构、嵌入式操作系统等,提出了一种时间统一平台的设计方法。嵌入式操作系统是在标准Linux系统的基础上,经过系统裁减和实时性支持生成的。测试结果表明,基于嵌入式Linux系统的时间统一平台可以明显提高时间校准精度。

Landsat长时间序列数据格式统一与反射率转换方法实现

介绍了一种长时间序列遥感影像预处理程序,即陆地卫星生态系统干扰自适应处理系统(landsat ecosystem disturbance adaptive processing system,LEDAPS)。该程序通过使用MODTRAN太阳能输出模型,校正太阳方位、日地距离、TM或ETM+带通以及太阳辐照度,将定标影像转换为表观(top-of-atmosphere,TOA)反射率影像,并将通过浓密植被(dark dense vegetation,DDV)算法插值生成的气溶胶光学厚度(aerosol optical thickness,AOT)以及通过相关资料获得的臭氧(O3)浓度、大气压及水汽值等用于6S辐射传输模型,生成地表反射率产品。以LEDAPS可处理的标准数据Landsat7 ETM+和统一格式后的非标准数据Landsat5 TM影像为例,介绍了长时间(1987—2011年)序列数据的选择、格式统一以及算法的实现过程,同时给出了校正后影像效果评价的方法。结果表明,标准数据和非标准数据经过LEDAPS处理后生成的地表反射率产品能有效降低大气中O3、水汽及气溶胶等对影像真实反射率的影响,为土地覆盖变化和干扰因素等的长时间序列监测和生物物理参数的遥感反演提供科学产品,有助于在国内形成处理长时间序列影像数据的准则。

利用FPGA的IRIG-B码解码新方法

时间统一是现代航天和常规武器试验靶场的重要组成部分,本文提出了一种兼顾准确度和实时性的解码方法。该方法根据IRIG-B码的信号特征,设计了一种新的解码算法。根据脉冲宽度调制波形在寄存器中预设数值,将IRIG-B码和移位寄存器进行移位比对,识别码字以及解析时间信息;根据起始标志信息特点预设111111110011111111移位比对,触发秒脉冲并输出1 pps信号。使用Model Sim进行了仿真,并下载到在Xilinx的XC3S1000芯片上实现。实验测试结果,秒脉冲触发误差小于20 ns。本文提出的方法具有精度高、简单实用、效率高等优点,具有较强的抗干扰性。

相互作用的几何统一、五维时空和超对称性

首先,在简介几何动力学后,探讨了相互作用的几何统一.其次提出了5维时空及其5种具体情况,其中第5维可以是与h相关的微观特性,或与质量m等相关,并联系于SU(5).进一步讨论了高维统一理论,并指出其中柱形卷曲空间的光速是可变的.以后探索了广义相对论和量子论的统一,非欧和非阿几何的统一.对Riemann几何和Lobachevsky几何进行了比较.最后,讨论对称、反对称和超对称性及其统一.一般的矩阵及相应的各种理论都可以分解为对称和反对称部分之和,并联系于超对称性.

电网时间统一系统可行性研究

通过对电网统一时间工作历史的回顾和现状的调研,分析了电网业务对时间的要求和时间的影响,详细研究了统一电网时间的必要性和可行性。通过对电网组成特点和相关业务用时要求的分析,提出了电网时间统一系统的方案。

多模GNSS统一定位关键技术研究及精度分析

在卫星定位中,观测环境的优劣对最终定位结果精度有着显著性影响,单GPS系统因为其可观测卫星颗数少和自身星座分布的共同影响,载波相位周跳频繁,定位解的误差大、可靠性低、稳定性差。本文对多模GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite System)解算中时空系统的统一,组合单点定位模型和差分定位模型等关键技术进行了研究,实现了多模GNSS组合定位,改善了卫星相对于测站的几何分布,环境适应性加强,使得定位精度、系统冗余度和可靠性大幅提高,最后使用车载数据进行实验验证。验证结果表明,多模GNSS观测卫星数相比单GPS系统而言,观测卫星数增加了2倍,PDOP值降低了42%,极大地提高了差分定位解的成功率,固定解比例提高了18.3%。这充分说明了多模GNSS统一定位的可行性和优越性。