Review on strategies of space-based optical space situational awareness

Space-based optical(SBO)space surveillance has attracted widespread interest in the last two decades due to its considerable value in space situation awareness(SSA).SBO observation strategy,which is related to the performance of space surveillance,is the top-level design in SSA missions reviewed.The recognized real programs about SBO SAA proposed by the institutions in the U.S.,Canada,Europe,etc.,are summarized firstly,from which an insight of the development trend of SBO SAA can be obtained.According to the aim of the SBO SSA,the missions can be divided into general surveillance and space object tracking.Thus,there are two major categories for SBO SSA strategies.Existing general surveillance strategies for observing low earth orbit(LEO)objects and beyond-LEO objects are summarized and compared in terms of coverage rate,revisit time,visibility period,and image processing.Then,the SBO space object tracking strategies,which has experienced from tracking an object with a single satellite to tracking an object with multiple satellites cooperatively,are also summarized.Finally,this paper looks into the development trend in the future and points out several problems that challenges the SBO SSA.

The Influence of Morpheme Awareness on Junior Middle School English learners’ Reading Comprehension

According to the understanding of English learning process and the surrounding educational environment,it is found that most English learners have not received the training of morpheme awareness,and English teachers have hardly cultivated their students’morpheme awareness.In English learning,it is found that English morpheme awareness plays a role in promoting English learning.It can be seen from the relevant literature that the identification of English morphemes is very important for English learners’language acquisition and development,and has attracted the attention of researchers at home and abroad.This paper mainly studies the influence of morpheme awareness on junior middle school English learners’reading comprehension.

Maintenance Awareness of Student Group about College Historical Buildings

In order to investigate the maintenance awareness of student group on historical buildings in colleges,this paper employs fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and determines the evaluation system of maintenance awareness.Through sampling survey,it s found that maintenance awareness of college students belongs to medium level,and emotional identity level is high.However,protection behavior is little,which is due to the lack of protection knowledge and college propaganda.What s more,the usage of historical buildings also affects the maintenance awareness level.

Cultural Awareness＇ Functions in Chinese Learners＇ English Acquisition --An Analysis through the Way of Signal-processing

The significance of cultural awareness in foreign language learning is an issue that earns hot discussion in the both fields of linguistics and instructional science. Being different from others, the observing angle in this paper lies in how the signal is processed. The four skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing are classified, by ways of signal processing, into two categorizes, namely receptive skills to which listening and reading belong, and productive skills to which speaking and writing belong. By analyzing the signal processing progress occurred in each of the four skills, the author is to argue the functions of cultural awareness in each of these four skills, in order to reinforce the importance of emphasizing cultural awareness in the new standards for English in China.

Metacognitive Strategy Training in Reading Comprehension

Despite that language learning strategy(LLS) has been heatedly discussed since its emergence in 1975, its conceptualization, categorization and strategy training models are still in dispute. However, what commonly revealed by most studies is that there is a positive correlation between the use of language learning strategy and language learners' performance. This paper applies Dornyei's classification, known as cognitive strategies, metacognitive strategies, social strategies and affective strategies. By reviewing previous studies on the application of metacognitive strategy in English as a second language(ESL) reading comprehension, plenty of useful implications for reading pedagogy are suggested. It further explains how certain important metacognitive strategies, namely Semantic Mapping(SM) and Experience-Text-Relationship(ETR), can be implemented in second language reading comprehension, aiming to encourage language learners to be aware of learning strategies,"learn how to learn"(Cohen, 1988, p66)!

An Investigation of Drivers’ Comprehension of Distracted Driving Slogans

Distracted driving occurs when a driver diverts the primary attention from driving to another task. Using mobile devices such as a cellphone for texting, calls, or other manipulation while driving has the highest potential for distraction because it combines both forms of distractions, manual, visual, and cognitive. Some states in the US have posted slogans including “W8 2 TXT, it’s a law”, “Don’t Drive inTEXTicated”, “PLS dnt txt n drv”, “Don’t tempt F8 that txt can w8”, and “DNT TXT & DRV” along highways to convey the dangers and laws regarding distracted driving to minimize incidences of distracted-related crashes This study surveyed 347 people using the five distraction slogans in a college town. The results showed that younger drivers have a higher level of comprehension compared to older drivers. Further, the results showed that drivers with university education or more years of driving experience have a higher comprehension level of distraction signs compared to their counterparts.

Exploring EFL Learners Reading Comprehension Problems in Reading ESP Texts

By considering the fact that in EFL （English as foreign language） contexts learners need reading comprehension skill more than other skills in their academic studies, reading comprehension should be attached more importance especialy in ESP （English for specific purposes） classes in which reading ability plays a crucial role in the students＇ academic success. But in order to help learners in the best possible way, teachers need to identify their learners＇ problems in reading ESP texts. Detecting the problematic areas for the students will assist teachers better design and apply appropriate methods and strategies to solve their students＇ reading comprehension problems. Therefore, the following research was an attempt to explore the EFL learners＇ reading comprehension problmes in reading ESP texts in ESP classes. For the purpose of the study, five passages from their coursebook were selected and they were asked to underline the syntactically problematic parts in the passages. The subjects of the study were composed of 185 homogenous engineering students who were learning english as a foregin langauge. Chi-square analysis showed that 15 major syntactic categories are serious hurdle to reading comprehension of ESP texts. The results and implications are discussed in the light of TLA （teachers＇ language awareness）.

“综合刊”的独特性质及其高质量发展的目标与关键

综合性中文社科学术期刊,是一种具有鲜明中国特色的期刊类型,不仅在历史上渊源有自,而且在以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业,甚至在影响人类社会未来前进方向上具有举足轻重的地位。从精神气质上说,综合性中文社科学术期刊具有紧跟时代步伐,贯通人文和社科领域,整体性地研究经济社会发展和国家现代化建设进程的学术抱负。“综合刊”之为“综合刊”的“综合性”,不仅与马克思主义理论和中华传统文化重视整体性、系统性的思维特质相契合,而且与中华民族伟大复兴和社会主义现代化国家建设当前阶段特别重视全局性、战略性问题的内在要求相适应,这些基本性质决定了综合性中文社科学术期刊在中国特色哲学社会科学构建和当代中国学术评价体系重塑过程中具有无可替代的独特作用。综合性中文社科学术期刊应当立足于自身独特定位倡导一种思想性、学术性、时代性和典范性并重的“综合刊”文体,并以此为枢纽推动中国特色哲学社会科学的整体性创新、培养和扶持与综合刊历史地位相匹配的核心作者群,以及通过集中呈现当代中国学术“拎得起来”和“看得见”的标志性成果来推动中外学术交流。综合性中文社科学术期刊高质量发展基本目标的实现,关键在于能否立足于自身独特定位自觉参与当代中国学术评价体系的革命性重塑,建立“综合刊”之间更自觉的联盟与协作,在期刊之间和编者作者之间建立“亲清”刊刊和刊学关系,在恰当认识与正确把握期刊发展数字化及国际化趋势的基础上坚守“内容为王”和“中文为本”。

面向机器阅读理解的边界感知方法

针对现有的基于预训练语言模型的答案获取方法存在预测边界不够准确的问题,提出一种面向片段抽取式机器阅读理解(MRC)的边界感知方法。首先,在问题输入阶段引入特殊字符标记问题边界,通过增强问题语义信息的方式实现对问题边界的感知;其次,在答案预测阶段,构建答案边界回归器,实现感知的问题边界语义信息与输出的预测答案边界语义信息的语义交互;最后,通过交互后的语义信息进一步调整存在偏差的预测答案边界,实现对预测答案的校准。实验结果表明,与SpanBERT(Span-based Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers)相比,该方法在公共数据集SQuAD(Stanford Question Answering Dataset)1.1上的F1值提升了0.2个百分点、精确匹配(EM)值提升了0.9个百分点;在HotpotQA(Hotpot Question Answering)数据集上的F1值和EM值都提升了0.7个百分点;在NewsQA(News Question Answering)数据集上的F1值提升了2.8个百分点、EM值提升了3.3个百分点。可见,该方法能有效增强对问题边界信息的感知并且实现对预测答案边界的校准,有利于更好地理解和分析文本数据,在智能问答、智能客服等领域的应用中提高系统的准确性。

圈层共建:《中华民族共同体概论》课程建设的逻辑理蕴、框架模型和推进路径

高校开展铸牢中华民族共同体意识教育是落实立德树人根本任务,推动新时代党的民族工作高质量发展的必然要求。《中华民族共同体概论》作为新时代“大思政课”建设的重要内容,是全面推进高校铸牢中华民族共同体意识教育工作的重大抓手。近十多年来,我国思政课程改革的深化亟待从学校内部的整体系统变革走向学校、家庭和社会协同推进的治理变革。《中华民族共同体概论》课程建设要坚持目标导向、效果导向、问题导向相统一,与治理强调多元主体合作互动的价值逻辑、理论逻辑和现实逻辑相一致。《中华民族共同体概论》课程建设主体的圈层特征与治理本身具有相一致的建构性特征,要在立德树人根本目标的价值统领下,各主体实现“跨圈合作、跨层联动”,构建形成《中华民族共同体概论》“圈层共建”的框架模型,积极发挥学校自治、政府元治、社会协治、层级联治的治理合力,不断构建打造课程建设的主体点位、资源链路和全新局面。

基于静动态综合估计的无人机蜂群态势感知技术

随着军用无人机技术的快速发展,其作战体系也逐渐从无人机单机作战向蜂群作战转变。为了实现入侵无人机蜂群的反制,亟需探索面向无人机蜂群入侵场景的态势感知技术。目前,无人机蜂群态势感知领域主要在整体概念层面研究态势感知的技术与模型,缺乏具体应用场景下的态势感知技术与仿真平台。本文面向分布式作战战术场景与哈里斯鹰的合围狩猎方式,引入了无人机蜂群的进攻阵型与仿鹰群的无人机蜂群协同攻击模型,使用到达时间差定位算法与联合概率数据关联滤波器获得无人机蜂群轨迹信息,并将无人机蜂群战场态势划分为静态态势与动态态势,分别表示对战场某个时刻态势的理解与战场未来趋势的推断。在此基础上,本文提出了一种基于静动态综合估计的无人机蜂群态势感知技术,涵盖基于模糊规则评价的静态态势感知以及基于蜂群预测推断的动态态势感知。同时,搭建了三维无人机蜂群态势感知仿真平台,实现了入侵无人机蜂群的运动学建模、定位跟踪、战场态势感知以及误差分析等过程,验证了所提态势感知技术的有效性。

汉语成语理解的加工机制及其发展阶段

汉语成语在口语和书面语中普遍存在,是儿童语言发展的重要内容。综述以往研究发现,成语的熟悉度、语义分解性和语境在成语理解的加工过程中发挥着重要作用,但具体的心理加工机制尚不清晰。基于综合加工模型和动态相互作用论,本文尝试提出了汉语成语理解的动态加工模型,并据此总结归纳了汉语成语理解的发展阶段。同时,相关的研究展望也得到了一定的讨论和建议。

空间目标探测多传感器协同规划

以多个地基雷达协同探测空间目标为背景,针对传统以整个可探测弧段为决策变量的协同规划方法存在的探测效率不高问题,建立了多传感器协同探测调度模型,提出了一种能够同时确定探测弧段和探测起始时间的自适应免疫遗传算法。考虑空间目标属性、类型、发射时间、雷达散射面积等级、用途等多种因素,构建了多层次模糊综合评价模型,并运用1-9标度法得到空间目标的优先级。以优先级最大化为目标,考虑探测时长、传感器容量等约束条件,采用自适应免疫遗传算法求解,并从探测资源消耗率和任务完成率两方面对规划方法性能进行评价。与改进的启发式算法以及传统进化算法的对比仿真表明,所提算法能够在提高任务完成率的同时降低资源消耗率。

语素意识与快速命名对汉语儿童阅读能力的影响:跨学段的中介效应分析

对416名二(低)、四(中)、六(高)年级(学段)的汉语儿童进行半年追踪,检验了语素意识与快速命名对两类阅读能力(理解与流畅性)的影响机制。结果表明,对于低学段的儿童而言,语素意识与快速命名通过字词识别准确性影响半年后的阅读能力,且字词识别流畅性在快速命名影响阅读流畅性的过程中发挥中介作用。对于中、高学段的儿童而言,语素意识与快速命名对半年后阅读理解的间接影响均不显著;字词识别准确性在语素意识影响阅读流畅性的过程中发挥中介作用,而字词识别流畅性的作用仅体现在中学段;快速命名通过字词识别准确性和字词识别流畅性影响到阅读流畅性。结果揭示了在小学不同学段,阅读理解与阅读流畅性的影响机制存在一定的共享性与特异性。

初中听障学生语素意识与阅读理解的关系研究

目的 帮助初中听障学生提高阅读理解能力。方法 以2所特殊教育学校初中阶段的听障学生为被试,对其语素意识、阅读理解、识字量和词汇知识进行测评,并使用相关分析、分层回归和结构方程模型,探讨语素意识对初中听障学生阅读理解的影响,以及识字量与词汇知识在其关系中的中介作用。结果 在分层回归分析中,听障学生的语素意识对阅读理解能力具有显著的独立预测作用。在构建结构方程模型后,听障学生的语素意识对阅读理解能力具有显著间接效应(P<0.05)。结论语素意识对词汇知识和识字量的直接影响显著,对识字量的影响程度大于对词汇知识的影响程度;语素意识对阅读理解的直接效应具有显著水平。语素意识对阅读理解能力还存在以词汇知识作为中介变量的间接效应。

儿童语素意识、构词意识与成语理解的双向关系:追踪研究的证据

以136名三年级儿童为研究对象,进行为期四年的追踪研究,调查了语素意识、构词意识与成语理解的关系。控制了智力和语音意识后,结果发现:(1)三、四、五年级的语素意识分别对随后四、五、六年级的成语理解有显著的预测作用;五年级的成语理解显著预测了六年级的语素意识。(2)三、四年级的构词意识分别对随后四、五年级的成语理解有显著的预测作用;三、四、五年级的成语理解显著预测了随后四、五、六年级的构词意识。研究结果表明语素意识、构词意识与成语理解的关系随着年级的不同而变化。

足球运动员个体与共享情境意识的特点及其关系

系统测量不同水平足球运动员个体情境意识(situation awareness,SA)的三层级(感知、理解、预测),并结合访谈法测评高水平足球队运动员之间及其与教练员之间的共享SA,考查足球运动中个体SA、共享SA和决策SA的特点及关系。发现:(1)高水平球员个体SA各层级和决策的水平均高于低水平球员,但高水平球员SA各层级之间及其与决策的表现均无显著相关;低水平球员个体SA的感知、理解、预测各层级的表现存在正相关,且与决策表现相关。(2)高水平球员之间及球员与教练员之间存在共享SA,且与个体SA的预测层级相关。认为:SA的各成分均能区分足球运动员的水平,高水平球员的SA可能更具有非线性以及个人特点,且个体对情境的预测有助于团体形成共享SA。

基于上下文感知的交互式阅读理解系统设计

随着数字阅读时代的到来,交互式阅读理解系统成为提升阅读体验和效率的重要工具。针对现有系统无法有效利用阅读上下文信息的问题,本文设计了基于上下文感知的交互式阅读理解系统,提出了一种融合实时交互式问答、个性化学习路径和阅读进度跟踪的系统设计方案。运行测试结果表明该系统具有良好功能与性能。本研究为提升阅读理解效率提供了新途径。

课程思政的内涵、原则及其课程与教学论意义

课程思政是新时代学校教育育人方式的新路径,旨在将各类课程与思政课同向同行,构建“全课程、全员、全过程、全方位”育人氛围,形成课程育人文化自觉和课程育人教学行为自觉,从而培养堪当中华民族伟大复兴重任的时代新人。其核心要义指向为谁培养人,指向课程综合育人,指向课程育人文化自觉。课程思政遵循教学教育性的原则、文化育人的整体性原则、培养“完整的人”的原则。作为新的育人方式,课程思政有着重要的课程与教学论意义,即课程实施必须明示课程目标价值指向,秉承教学的教育性;坚守课程育人为本,形成全过程全方位育人;建构全课程育人体系,形成全课程协同育人文化自觉和教学行为自觉,从而达成课程设置的本然目的和应然目标。

通导遥一体化的应急信息支援体系架构研究

由于应急事件突发性强、破坏力强、不确定性强等特点,应急救援和救助通常任务紧急,对救援时间窗口要求高。通导遥一体化的空天地信息支援体系可为应急管理提供全域感知、实时通信、精准导航等保障,进一步满足了应急管理全流程对实时、高精度、智能化的信息服务需求。从实际应用出发,梳理了应急管理的信息支援需求以及现状和挑战;在此基础之上,提出空天地应急信息支援体系,并从物理架构、功能架构、服务系统、服务流程、评估指标体系等多维角度进行阐述,以期能够为空天地应急信息支援体系的研究提供有价值的参考。