The Quaternion Structure of Space-Time and Arrow of Time

In fundamental theories of physics, the dynamical equations all have time inversion invariance. Except for the evolution of some simple system which has realistic inverse processes, but for a slightly more complicated system, the evolution processes are irreversible. This is the problem of arrow of time, which is always warmly debated. In different point of view, we find there may have some conceptual misunderstanding in the controversy: 1) The realization of an inverse process does not mean the time of the system goes backward. 2) The principles of relativity and covariance are the constraints to physical laws, but not constraints to specific solutions. The equations must be covariant, but the solutions are not definitely symmetric. 3) Time is a global property of the universe, which is a measurement of the evolution process of the universe. The internal time of a matter system reflecting its internal evolution speed also takes this cosmic time as a unified background and standard of measurement. 4) The universe has a unified cosmic time T and a cosmic space related to this cosmic time. They are objective and absolute. 5) The eigensolution of a spinor is a critical state losing time concept, which responses the interaction of environment with some uncertainty, then the evolution process of the world is not uniquely determined. 6) The non-uniqueness of the evolution process means that the inverse process is absent. So for a world including spinors, the evolution is essentially irreversible. In this paper, according to the widely accepted principles and direct calculations of transformation, we reveal the misunderstandings in the usual controversy, and then give more natural and reasonable explanations for structure of space-time and arrow of time.

Change of Space-Time Structure under Lorentz Transformation

When we study Lorentz transformation in the framework of quantum gauge theory of gravity, we will find that the vacuum gravitational gauge field will be changed under gravitational gauge transformation, which will change the structure of the physical space-time and cause clock dilation effect. The study in this paper provides us with new insights to understand the essential and intrinsic relation between special relativity and general relativity. It provides us with a new way to unify special relativity and general relativity.

Microstructure and magnetic properties of granularFePt/(FePt)_(27)Ti_(73) films for ultrahigh-density recording media

FePt granular films were prepared by direct current facing-target magnetron sputtering system onto glass substrates and subsequently in-situ annealed in vacuum. Vibrating sample magnetometer, X-ray diffraction and scanning probe microscope were applied to study the magnetic properties, microstructures, morphologies and domain structures of the samples. （FePt）27Ti73 bilayer films were fabricated at various conditions to investigate the effect of Ti on FePt grains. The results show that without Ti matrix layer, FePt films deposited onto the glass substrates are fcc disordered; with addition of Ti matrix layer, FePt/Ti films form a ternary （FePt）27Ti73 alloy possessing fcc and L10 （111） mixed texture. FePt/（FePt）27Ti73 films with perfectly ordered L10（111） structure and unique magnetic properties can be obtained at Ti thickness of 35nm and substrate temperature of 250℃. The maximum coercivity is more than 240kA/m and the squareness ratio is more than 0.9. The obtained results suggest that the granular FePt/（FePt）27Ti73 films can be applicable to ultrahigh-density magnetic recording media.

A new layered space-time detection algorithm for frequency selective fading multiple-input multiple-output channels based on particle filter

In this paper, a new observation equation of non-Gaussian frequency selective fading Bell Labs layered space time （BLAST） architecture system is proposed, which is used for frequency selective fading channels and non-Gaussian noise in an application environment of BLAST system. With othogonal matrix triangularization （QR decomposition） of the channel matrix, the static observation equation of frequency selective fading BLAST system is transformed into a dynamic state space model, and then the particle filter is used for space-time layered detection. Making the full use of the finite alphabet of the digital modulation communication signal, the optimal proposal distribution can be chosen to produce particle and update the weight. Incorporated with current method of reducing error propagation, a new space-time layered detection algorithm is proposed. Simulation result shows the validity of the proposed algorithm.

Studying surface structure in desert areas using multiple kinds of surface wave data

Shallow surface wave methods are mostly used for investigation of the surface velocity structure in environmental and engineering geophysics in non-desert areas. For the special geological features of the Takelamagan Desert area, we use the multi-channel analysis of surface wave （MASW） method to process multi-channel shallow surface wave records to determine the near surface velocity structure in the desert area. We also process, analyze, and compare the surface waves in many-trace records extracted from the oil exploration shot gathers in the area. We show that the MASW method can determine detailed shallow velocity structure in desert areas and the many-trace records can be used to get detailed deep geological structure. The combination of the two different datasets can obtain the exact velocity structure upper 60 m depth in the survey area.

Effect of Ti layer thickness on microstructure and magnetic properties of Ti/Co/Ti films

TiCoTi granular films were prepared by DC facing-target magnetron sputtering system onto glass substrates and subsequently in situ annealing in vacuum. Structural of Ti (t nm)/Co (40 nm)/Ti (t nm) films were investigated in detail, which shows that the majority Co nanograins are formed as the hexagonal-close-packed (HCP) structure. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and scanning probe microscope (SPM) were applied to study the magnetic properties, morphologies and domain structures of these samples. It has been found that the structure and magnetic properties of the Ti/Co/Ti films depend strongly on the Ti layer thickness. The out-of-plane coercivities (Hc) of the film is maximum about 78.8 kA·m-1 when t=5 nm with annealing at 300 ℃; the distributing of grains of the sample is uniformity; and the average size of particles is about 13 nm. The obtained results suggest that this system is perpendicular anisotropy and might be applicable to perpendicular magnetic recording media.

基于后结构化技术的临床病种库系统设计与应用

目的:为解决传统临床病种库系统存在的依赖大量人工判断、缺乏辅助标注、电子病历数据可用性差等问题,设计一种基于后结构化技术的临床病种库系统。方法:先通过I2B2标准以及双向长短期记忆网络(bi-directional long short-term memory,BiLSTM)模型构建实体识别模型,形成病历模板库,然后组合病历模板库形成关系模板,抽取复杂的医学实体,实现电子病历的后结构化。之后,基于电子病历后结构化技术构建包括病历结构化、结构化评估、数据标注、常规功能和系统管理5个模块的临床病种库系统。结果:该系统可以将电子病历文本转化为结构化语言,提供更精细化的数据要素提取、更智能的结构化服务,提高了临床和科研工作的效率。结论:该系统提高了临床病种的数据可用性,减轻了用户数据加工的工作强度,保证了数据应用的高质量,为医学研究、临床辅助决策打下了坚实的基础。

基于NLP构建病历后结构化专病数据库探索与实践

目的/意义建设基于结构化电子病历的专病数据库,提高专病数据库规范性和可用性,提高临床科研工作效率。方法/过程采用模板化输入、自然语言处理等技术,将非结构化电子病历转化为结构化电子病历,基于结构化电子病历构建专病数据库。结果/结论龙华医院基于结构化电子病历建设的银屑病专病数据库分中心,为临床科研人员提供结构化科研数据源,辅助提升分析效率;同时有效支撑上海申康“基于多中心的银屑病专病大数据临床科研随访一体化平台”建设,有助于专病数据库高质量、规模化发展。

加强专病数据库质控提升乳腺癌诊疗科研转化价值研究

目的:设计一套质量控制策略,使缺乏专病数据管理平台的医院通过较低的技术门槛来评估专病结构化模板数据的质量。方法:通过672例确诊后直接手术的早期乳腺癌患者数据的训练,形成一套基于函数的“模板-条目-字段”三级质控方案,分级评估从专病结构化模板采集并整合的数据。结果:结合人工复核,总结了不同时点模板数据缺失的客观现实因素,与主观可改进因素相区别。结合临床反馈与改进,乳腺癌专病结构化病历模板的使用比例提高了30.7%以上,手术术式描述从43种简化为12种。保留了更多结构化诊疗数据,提高了数据字段规范化的程度。结论:三级质控策略实施技术门槛低,有助于提高专病结构化病历模板的使用率,促进底层数据治理,提高数据的科研转化价值,可作为医院或专科实施专病结构化数据质控的备选方案。

基于自然语言处理与结构化算法的病历信息高精度抽取方法研究

目的:综合运用自然语言处理、结构化算法和知识图谱等技术,探索实现电子病历高精度信息抽取和结构化处理的方法。方法:通过构建命名实体识别模型、关系识别模型、同义词识别模型完成病历文本的句内信息抽取;提出了一种病历生成树算法,可以有效实现大段落病历文本分层结构的解析;同时利用知识图谱技术存储信息抽取与分层解析的构造模型,实现病历文本信息高精度抽取。结果:形成了一套融合深度学习算法与结构化解析算法的病历信息高精度抽取方法,其中实体识别模型准确率达95.74%,关系识别模型准确率达89.20%,最终生成具有清晰层次结构、可精确定位和抽取信息的结构化病历。结论:本文所探索的病历信息高精度抽取方法,将深度学习算法与结构化解析算法相融合,兼顾了病历文本的句内信息抽取与病历结构层次的解析,可以实现对病历数据的自动抽取、精准定位与高效管理,可以为临床医学研究奠定数据基础,也可以为其他疾病病历文本数据的挖掘提供方法学参考。

基于区块链的电网安稳控制通信报文记录与审计系统研究

随着电网安全稳定控制系统向广域化、复杂化方向发展,安稳控制通信报文数量多,通信链条长,易被篡改。当通信报文异变或损坏导致安控系统发生误动或拒动时,难以准确判断事故原因。针对该问题,提出一个基于区块链的电网安稳控制通信报文记录与审计系统。基于安控系统架构与管理需求设计半中心化系统模型,并针对安控系统架构与业务特点设计交叉多链结构。实验结果表明,该方案能够提高安稳控制通信报文记录与审计的真实性、完整性和安全性,同时具有较好的性能。

备案审查的鉴定式案例分析——以全国人大常委会法工委的备案审查工作报告为例

备案审查案例公开方式由零星反馈到报告披露再到公开出版的转变,为备案审查案例研究提供了丰富素材。然而,面对日益增多的备审案例,确定研究范式和分析体例成为备审案例研究的首要问题。备案审查制度建设和能力建设的完善,要求备案审查工作流程和方法的升级。基于此,文章选取涉及人口与计划生育规定类案例,探析备案审查鉴定式案例分析的流程和审查逻辑,进而确定该类案例以合政治性审查标准为主、合法性审查标准为辅的审查结构。与此同时,在鉴定式案例分析的普遍适用方面,通过案例佐证,明确备案审查鉴定式案例分析以“事项—权限—内容—特殊情形”为顺序的审查逻辑。

口腔种植专科病例数据库的建立和应用

目的:建立口腔种植专科电子病例数据库并实现系统化的管理与分析。方法:设计数据库结构包含患者信息、治疗信息、随访信息和附件等四个模块,数据库功能设计包含数据检索、储存、保密和统计功能。将空军军医大学口腔医院种植科自2001年1月1日至2021年12月31日由李德华教授手术患者的纸质病历信息由经培训的专职医生录入数据库并上传影像学资料等附件。结果:4349名患者,6131例病例,8764颗种植体。实现了(1)病历信息录入状态与患者治疗进程可视化(;2)患者基本信息与治疗关键字的多重检索模式(;3)数据永久存储(;4)不同身份权限访问修复患者基本信息和治疗资料(;5)患者、病例和种植体三个层级的数据统计和多种格式的数据导出等功能。结论:通过开发以口腔种植修复治疗为核心的电子病例数据管理与分析系统,高效管理与利用现有患者的病历资料,辅助开展多种临床研究,并为建立单病种数据库建立基础。

叙事护理平行病历平行病历结合OSCE模式在新入职护士规范化培训中的应用

目的探讨叙事护理平行病历结合OSCE模式在新入职护士规范化培训中的应用效果。方法选取2021年06月至2023年6月在我院的100名新入职护士为研究对象,依据不同教学模式分为对照组和观察组,每组均50名,对照组进行常规考核,观察组进行叙事护理平行病历结合OSCE模式。比较两组护士共情能力、对教学模式的认可度等。结果与对照组比较,观察组护士在共情能力、教学认可度、护理评估、临床思维、基础、急救护理技能、人文沟通等方面评分、对培训模式的总认可度98%均更高(P<0.05)。结论叙事护理平行病历结合OSCE模式有助于培养临床护士的共情能力,全面提高护士的动手实践能力、综合判断能力、临场发挥和应变处置能力。

档案学视角下结构思想的理论实质与应用场景

结构是档案学术语体系的基础概念,对于理解文件档案的构成具有重要作用。通过梳理哲学原典中的结构思想和档案术语标准中的初始概念,提炼出档案学视角下结构的概念认知。结构思想厚植于结构主义和结构化理论,它们涉及社会结构化与整体管理秩序,为档案管理提供了新思路。遵循社会结构的思索逻辑,论文提出其思想实质:结构是文件档案的构成要素,是档案现象的理解方法,是档案主体的能动反映。同时,结构思想为档案工作提供了方法论指导,并体现在档案著录、档案价值鉴定和档案真伪鉴辨等业务场景中。

基于结构化电子病历建立慢性肾脏病饮食管理数据库及其临床应用研究

目的 研究分析在结构化电子病历的基础上建立慢性肾脏病饮食管理数据库以及其在临床使用中的效果。方法 选取2021年1月至2021年12月我院未实施饮食管理数据库时100例慢性肾脏病患者作为本次试验的对照组,选取2022年1月至2022年12月我院实施饮食管理数据库慢性肾脏病患者100例作为本次试验的观察组,分别观察饮食管理前后患者营养状态、临床效果及并发症发生率并进行对比。结果 观察组治疗总有效率(96.00%)高于对照组(81.00%),P <0.05。管理前两组营养状态无显著差异(P> 0.05),管理后两组营养状态均得到改善,但观察组改善程度较为显著,P <0.05。观察组并发症发生率(13.00%)低于对照组(40.00%),P <0.05。结论 在慢性肾脏病饮食管理中应用基于结构化电子病历建立数据库具有显著临床疗效。

Structural transformation of FePt nanocomposite films during annealing and its effects on magnetic properties

Fe100-xPtx(x=30at.%-60at.%) nanocomposite films were deposited on natural-oxidized Si(100) substrates by magnetron sputtering. The as-deposited films were annealed between 373 and 1073 K. In situ X-ray diffraction shows that the FePt nanocomposite films undergo a phase transformation from a disordered FCC phase to an ordered L10 phase between 673 and 773 K. The coercivity is 306 kA·m-1 whiles the average grain sizes is about 10 nm in the optimized FePt alloy film sample annealed at 673 K. The adjustable coercivity and fine grain size suggest that this FePt nanocomposites system is suitable as recording media at extremely high areal density.

Inhomogeneous space-time structure and two-pion interferometry in NEXSPHERIO model

We examine the space-time structure of particle-emitting source and two-pion interferometry in a smoothed hydrodynamic model with fluctuating initial conditions. An equation of state with a crossover transition between quark-gluon plasma and hadronic gas is adopted in the description of the system evolution. We find that the fluctuating initial conditions lead to inhomogeneous particle-emitting sources. The interferometry results of Rs and Ro indicate that both the source size and the duration of pion emission decrease when the freeze-out temperature increases. The values of Ro/Rs obtained by our simulated two-pion interferometry are consistent with the previous results of smoothed particle hydrodynamics, and smaller than those calculated in usual hydrodynamic models.

电子病历在医疗质量控制管理中的应用与研究

数字化医疗是当代医疗卫生健康领域的重要发展方向,电子病历系统取代手写纸张病历用于记录、存储、传输和管理数字化的病人医疗记录,提高了医护人员的工作效率,提高了病历书写质量。通过对电子病历的研究,深入讨论电子病历在病历质控管理、护理质控管理、病案质控管理、院感质控管理等方面的应用,并介绍了电子病历在医疗质量管理中的两个应用实例,最后讨论了电子病历未来的研究方向。

面向警情数据的交互式可视分析方法

警情数据的分析和挖掘是公安部门信息工作的核心环节, 数据具有时空分布不均匀、信息记录高冗余和文 本内容难关联等特点, 导致现有信息工作中存在人工分析效率低、传统静态图表无法支持深入分析等问题. 为此, 提 出一种交互式可视分析数据特征和事件模式的方法. 首先提出一种结合多种聚类方法的 Random-STR R 树算法, 划 分出密度不同的数据簇, 随机化结点最大容纳量并构建索引结构;然后结合数据分布特征和文本特征, 利用杰卡德 距离和皮尔逊距离分析区域内的异常情况;最后基于关键词的关联程度构建加权网络图, 利用社区检测算法对其进 行关联分析. 此外, 设计并实现警情数据可视分析原型系统--PRDVis, 包含时空特征分析视图、频繁信息要素分析 视图和异常信息要素分析视图. 通过某城市警情数据进行案例分析和专家评估, 结果证明了所提方法的可用性和有 效性.