Analysis of Chinese Xiehouyu from a Perspective of Cognitive Reference-Point

Xiehouyu (a two-part allegorical saying) is unique and refined, and the cultural load is rich and heavy. The use of Xiehouyu in verbal communication and literary works reflects the speaker’s cognitive ability and language skills of operating and blending cognitive concepts dynamically. Langacker’s reference-point theory has a high explanatory power and is a basic cognitive mode of human beings. This paper attempts to make a cognitive analysis of the structure and understanding of Xiehouyu by using reference-point theory, aiming at explaining its cognitive mechanism and meaning construction.

Non-iterative image feature matching algorithm based on reference point correspondences

Based on the coded and non-coded targets, the targets are extracted from the images according to their size, shape and intensity etc., and thus an improved method to identify the unique identity（D） of every coded target is put forward and the non-coded and coded targets are classified. Moreover, the gray scale centroid algorithm is applied to obtain the subpixel location of both uncoded and coded targets. The initial matching of the uncoded target correspondences between an image pair is established according to similarity and compatibility, which are based on the ID correspondences of the coded targets. The outliers in the initial matching of the uncoded target are eliminated according to three rules to finally obtain the uncoded target correspondences. Practical examples show that the algorithm is rapid, robust and is of high precision and matching ratio.

Prospective study of high geodetic resolution to future VGOS reference point determination

The fast slewing rate and wide band of the VLBI2010 Global Observing System(VGOS) telescopes are beneficial to procure more observations and to obtain VLBI reference points(RPs) of high precisions.Meanwhile, with the development of synchronous tracking of fixed targets on telescopes during the observing, the RPs also can be determined in near real time based on a frame defined by other techniques. These opportunities provide us a possibility to explore the high geodetic resolution of VGOS telescopes. We design a thermal variation in RP as true values, and schedule a synchronous session of VGOS and target point(TP) series observing. Then VGOS delays and TP series are simulated and solved via piecewise functions. The results show that the accuracy of vertical component of the RP could be determined at an accuracy of 0.5 ± 0.3 mm in an hour using TP series, whereas the vertical components of RP solved by using VGOS delay measurements have a greater uncertainty due to the random error in the simulated atmosphere and bad radio source sky coverage in a shorter time interval. Some details in the data processing and accuracy evaluation are also introduced.

GRADIENT OF REFERENCE DIFFERENCE BASED MATCHING ALGORITHM FOR IMAGE FEATURE POINT

During matching on feature point, gray correlation matching technology is utilized to extract multi-peaks as a coarse matching set. A pair of given corresponding reference points within the left and right images is used to calculate gradients of reference difference between the reference points and each feature point within the multi-peaks set. The unique correspondence is determined by criterion of minimal gradients of reference difference. The obtained correspondence is taken as a new pair of reference points to update the reference points continuously until all feature points in the left (or right) image being matched with the right (or left) image. The gradients of reference difference can be calculated easily by means of pre-setting a pair of obvious feature points in the left and right images as a pair of corresponding reference points. Besides, the efficiency of matching can be improved greatly by taking the obtained matching point as a new pair of reference points, and by updating the reference point continuously. It is proved that the proposed algorithm is valid and reliable by 3D reconstruction on two pairs of actual natural images with abundant and weak texture, respectively.

Dynamic Multi-Attribute Decision-Making Method with Double Reference Points and Its Application

To better reflect the psychological behavior characteristics of loss aversion,this paper builds a double reference point decision making method for dynamic multi-attribute decision-making(DMADM)problem,taking bottom-line and target as reference pints.First,the gain/loss function is given,and the state is divided according to the relationship between the gain/loss value and the reference point.Second,the attitude function is constructed based on the results of state division to establish the utility function.Third,the comprehensive utility value is calculated as the basis for alternatives classification and ranking.Finally,the new method is used to evaluate the development level of smart cities.The results show that the new method can judge the degree to which the alternatives meet the requirements of the decision-maker.While the new method can effectively screen out the unsatisfactory alternatives,the ranking results of other alternatives are consistent with those of traditional methods.

A Method for Risky Multiple Attribute Decision Making with Four - dimensional Reference Point

A method based on cumulative prospect theory was proposed to solve risky multiple attribute decision making problems with Four -dimensional reference points. Considering the influence of different learning processes and corresponding features on decision-making, a new reference-learning behavior is added, and a risk-based multiple-attribute decision-making method based on four-dimensional reference point cumulative prospect theory is proposed. Firstly, according to the cumulative prospect theory, the prospect value and the decision function value of the four reference points of learning, time, evaluation value and expected value are calculated respectively, and the cumulative prospect value matrix of each program dynamic is formed. Secondly,according to the WAA operalor, Maximize the stage weighting model to obtain the integrated cumulative prospect value. Finally, on the basis of this, the alternatives are sorted according to the size of the total cumulative prospect value, and compared with other methods, the validity and scientific of the proposed method are proved.

Identification of Dominant Climate Variables on Spatiotemporal Variation in Reference Evapotranspiration on the Loess Plateau,China

Reference evapotranspiration(ET_(0))is a vital component in hydrometeorological research and is widely applied to various aspects,such as water resource management,hydrological modeling,irrigation deployment,and understanding and predicting the influence of hydrologic cycle variations on future climate and land use changes.Quantifying the influence of various meteorological variables on ET_(0) is not only helpful for predicting actual evapotranspiration but also has important implications for understanding the impact of global climate change on regional water resources.Based on daily data from 69 meteorological stations,the present study analyzed the spatiotemporal pattern of ET_(0) and major contributing meteorological variables to ET_(0) from 1960 to 2017 by the segmented re-gression model,Mann-Kendall test,wavelet analysis,generalized linear model,and detrending method.The results showed that the annual ET_(0) declined slightly because of the combined effects of the reduction in solar radiation and wind speed and the increase in vapor pressure deficit(VPD)and average air temperature in the Loess Plateau(LP)during the past 58 yr.Four change points were detected in 1972,1990,1999,and 2010,and the annual ET_(0) showed a zigzag change trend of‘increasing-decreasing-increasing-decreasing-increasing’.Wind speed and VPD played a leading role in the ET_(0) changes from 1960 to 1990 and from 1991 to 2017,respectively.This study confirms that the dominant meteorological factors affecting ET_(0) had undergone significant changes due to global climate change and vegetation greening in the past 58 years,and VPD had become the major factor controlling the ET_(0) changes on the LP.The data presented herein will contribute to increasing the accuracy of predictions on future changes in ET_(0).

Electrodynamics in Noninertial Reference Frames

The electrodynamics both in RF with prescribed law of motion and in FR with prescribed structure is considered. Parallel comparison for solutions in “uniformly accelerated” NRF M?ller system and in uniformly accelerated rigid NFR in the space of the constant curvature is carried out. The stationary criterion is formulated. On the basis of this criterion, one of the “eternal physical problems” concerning the field at uniformly accelerated charge motion is considered. The problems of electromagnetic wave spreading, Doppler’s effect and field transformations are discussed.

A Local Reference Frame Construction Method Based on the Signed Surface Variation

A fast local reference frame(LRF)construction method based on the signed surface variation is proposed,which can adapt to the real-time applications such as self-driving,face recognition,object detection.The z-axis of the LRF is generated based on the concavity of the local surface of keypoint.The x-axis is constructed by the weighted vector sum of a set of projection vectors of the local neighborhoods around keypoint.The performance of the proposed LRF is evaluated on six standard datasets and compared with six state-of-the-art LRF construction methods(e.g.,BOARD,FLARE,SHOT,RoPS and TOLDI).Experimental results validate the high repeatability,robustness,universality and time efficiency of our method.

基于Question Point的合作虚拟咨询服务

介绍了Question Point合作虚拟咨询服务产生的背景、功能、系统工作流程以及我国开展合作虚拟参考咨询的情况。

The space-time references of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System

The BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) is essentially a precise time measurement and time synchronization system for a large-scale space near the Earth. General relativity is the basic theoretical framework for the information processing in the master control station of BDS. Having introduced the basic conceptions of relativistic space-time reference systems, the space-time references of BDS are analyzed and the function and acquisition method of the Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP) are briefly discussed. The basic space reference of BDS is BeiDou Coordinate System (BDCS), and the time standard is the BDS Time (BDT). BDCS and BDT are the realizations of the Geocentric Terrestrial Reference System (GTRS) and the Terrestrial Time (TT) for BDS, respectively. The station coordinates in the BDCS are consistent with those in International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF)2014 at the cm-level and the difference in scale is about 1.1 × 10^(−8) . The time deviation of BDT relative to International Atomic Time (TAI) is less than 50 ns and the frequency deviation is less than 2 × 10^(−14) . The Geocentric Celestial Reference System (GCRS) and the solar Barycentric Celestial Reference System (BCRS) are also involved in the operation of BDS. The observation models for time synchronization and precise orbit determination are established within the GCRS framework. The coordinate transformation between BDCS and GCRS is consistent with the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS). In the autonomous operation mode without the support of the ground master control station, Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP) is obtained by means of long-term prediction and on-board observation. The observa-tion models for the on-board astrometry should be established within the BCRS framework.

A NEW INVARIANT QUANTITY OF SPECIAL RELATIVITY AND THE MINIMAL MOVING MASS SPACE-TIME REFERENCE SYSTEM

Ⅰ. PROBLEM AND RESULTS In physics, in order to describe a motion mathematically one needs a space-time reference system ∑(x, y z; t). From the mathematical point of view, any two reference systems are equivalent, one only needs a transformation between the coordinates of the two systems.

Existence of Equilibrium Points in the R3BP with Variable Mass When the Smaller Primary is an Oblate Spheroid

The paper deals with the existence of equilibrium points in the restricted three-body problem when the smaller primary is an oblate spheroid and the infinitesimal body is of variable mass. Following the method of small parameters;the co-ordinates of collinear equilibrium points have been calculated, whereas the co-ordinates of triangular equilibrium points are established by classical method. On studying the surface of zero-velocity curves, it is found that the mass reduction factor has very minor effect on the location of the equilibrium points;whereas the oblateness parameter of the smaller primary has a significant role on the existence of equilibrium points.

Libration Points in the R3BP with a Triaxial Rigid Body as the Smaller Primary and a Variable Mass Infinitesimal Bod

The paper deals with the existence of the coplanar libration points in the restricted three-body problem when the smaller primary is a triaxial rigid body and the infinitesimal body is of variable mass. Following small parameter method, the coordinates of collinear libration points are established whereas the coordinates of triangular libration points are established by classical method. It is found that the mass reduction factor has small effect but triaxiality parameters of the smaller primary have great effects on the coordinates of the libration points.

高拱坝时序多属性施工方案随机智能优化方法

为了解决当前施工方案优化方法大多忽略各关键节点施工进度指标的随机性对施工方案优化的影响,同时属性权重确定方法难以实现对高维度多层次的多属性决策问题进行整体优化的问题,提出了基于前景随机理论和麻雀搜索算法的高拱坝时序多属性施工方案随机智能优化方法。针对高拱坝工程建设特点,基于前景随机理论建立时序多属性随机智能优化模型,提出了基于阶段发展特征的动态参考点设置方法;基于麻雀搜索算法建立最优属性权重及时间权重搜索模型,并以差异最大化思想构造适应度函数,实现模型的求解。工程实例验证结果表明该优化方法具有合理性,优化结果与前景随机占优-CRITIC方法、随机占优方法优化结果一致,且具有更好的方案区分度。

无参数自适应罚函数的高效代理模型优化设计方法

在飞行器气动外形优化设计中,复杂约束条件导致设计空间可行域呈现不连续的特征,且理想解大多靠近约束边界,传统高效代理模型方法难以适用。研究了参考点对优化设计的影响,提出了一种考虑约束的参考点选择机制;对于最优解靠近边界的问题,罚函数法更加有效,但惩罚因子的设置对于罚函数方法影响很大,不合适的惩罚因子反而会损害优化效率,分析了优化过程中罚函数方法对惩罚因子的要求,提出了一种无参数自适应罚函数的代理模优化设计方法,引入基于样本分析的惩罚项,结合归一化目标值和约束值,在优化过程中动态调整惩罚因子,使优化能够尽可能地聚焦于可行域内,迅速收敛到最优解,实现样本的高效配置。通过带约束的函数算例和翼型优化算例证实,所提方法可以大幅提高飞行器气动外形优化设计效率。

信息触达:灾害预警信息语言表达的影响研究

在自然灾害情境下,应急预警信息的有效触达对目标受众提前做好应急预案、减轻灾害损失具有重要价值,是影响应急管理效果的关键因素之一。本研究基于前景理论与参考点效应,运用实验研究方法收集城市暴雨灾害情境下预警信息受众的自反馈感知和行为数据,对不同参考点语境下灾害预警信息表达对信息触达效果的影响进行研究。结果表明,基于不同参考点设计的信息表达方式对灾害预警信息的触达效果有不同影响,其中具体信息参考点和社会比较参考点显著影响信息受众对灾害严重性和风险性的感知,而消极影响参考点则影响不显著。同时,认知负担会影响包含综合参考点以及与防范措施有关的具体信息参考点的信息触达效果。本研究推进了信息触达理论研究,对于改进政务信息表达、提升灾害预警信息触达效果、增强自然灾害应急管理能力具有重要意义。

同群效应下的企业创新决策:理性预期或参考点依赖

研究企业在同群效应下会积极创新还是保守创新,有助于制定相关政策,以激发企业创新活力、优化群体创新环境。构建理论模型、结合实证检验,研究同群效应下的企业创新决策,发现同群效应下的企业创新决策表现为参考点依赖。前期创新投入与同群企业距离越远,企业创新积极性越高;创新成功率低于同群企业越多,企业创新积极性越高。随着创新成功率差值变化,投入距离对创新积极性的影响存在门槛效应。通过工具变量、替换变量、更换样本、重新划分群体等方法证明了结论稳健。进一步分析发现,在信息质量更差、竞争强度更大的群体中,企业的参考点依赖倾向更强。

一种适用于大规模基准站网的北斗系统多路径误差建模方法

多路径效应与测站观测环境相关,无法利用差分的方式消除或削弱,是影响GNSS数据处理精度、服务性能的重要因素。北斗系统设计由高-中-低轨多类卫星组成,为降低卫星轨道重复周期差异性的影响,基于空间域建模的多路径误差半天球格网点模型(MHGM)是一种较为有效的解决方案。由于MHGM方法存在待估参数较多、内存和CPU等计算资源占用量较大的问题,一般不适用于大规模测站的多路径误差建模。本文研究一种基于公共站点的分区建模方法,实现了大规模基准站网的多路径误差快速有效模型化,并利用广东省北斗地基增强系统221个基准站的观测数据验证了本文方法的有效性。测试结果表明,无须安装额外的硬件设备,即可将现有广东省北斗地基增强系统的服务性能提升11.2%。这对于提升北斗系统数据处理服务的精度和可靠性,具有一定的科学研究和工程应用价值。

地月空间天基时空基准的构建与传递

地月空间正在逐渐成为人类太空探索活动的热点区域。高精度时间、空间基准的构建和传递是确保地月空间任务规划与实施的重要基础,既是地球时空基准的体系化拓展,也是提升地月空间时空信息保障水平的重要手段。随着GNSS系统的发展和稳定服务,地球区域时空基准设施相对完备。月球区域的导航系统与地球类似,国内外也提出了多种方案,但地月空间还包括地球、月球区域以外的区域,其时空基准实施的构建需要充分考虑空域大、动力学特殊等因素,在高效益实现时空信息服务的同时,将地球和月球的时空基准进行有机衔接。立足当前发展需求,开展了地月空间时空基准架构的设计,并针对地球、月球区域之外地月区域特点,研究并提出基于地月平动点的天基时空基准构建、溯源和传递方案,可支持实现地月空间时空基准信息服务,为地月空间时空基准的一体化构建与发展提供参考。