Investigations on serviceability control of long-span structures under human-induced excitation

The increasing strength of new structural materials and the span of new structures, accompanied by aesthetic requirements for greater slenderness, are resulting in more applications of long-span structures. In this paper, serviceability control technology and its design theory are studied. First, a novel tuned mass damper （TMD） with controllable stiffness is developed. Second, methods for modeling human-induced loads are proposed, including standing up, walking, jumping and running, and an analysis method for long-span floor response is proposed based on a finite element model. Third, a design method for long-span floors installed with a multiple TMD （MTMD） system considering human comfort is introduced, largely based on a study of existing literature. Finally, a design, analysis and field test is conducted using several large scale buildings in China including the Beijing Olympic Park National Conference Center, Changsha New Railway Station and the Xi＇an Northern Railway Station. The analytical and field test results show that the MTMD system designed using the proposed method is capable of effectively mitigating the vertical vibration of long-span floor structures. The study presented in this paper provides an important reference for the analysis of vibration serviceability of similar long-span floors and design of control system for these structures.

Analysis on influence of seismic travelling wave effect on semi-active control for long-span rigid-continuous bridge

The analysis approach of semi-active control for long-span rigid-continuous bridge under seismic travelling wave input is established. Magnetorheological dampers are set on the positions of the bridge beatings. The semi-active control calculation and analysis are performed for a five-span rigid-continuous bridge under seismic travelling waves with different apparent surface velocities. The results indicate that travelling wave effect remarkably influences the uncontrolled seismic responses, the semi-active control seismic responses and vibration control effects for the long-span rigid-continuous bridge. It is disadvantageous to the responses of the beams and the piers under the travelling wave input with lower apparent surface velocity, and travelling wave effect can decrease the vibration control effects evidently. Therefore, the travelling wave effect should be considered for the selection of the parameter values of semi-active control system in order to get the designing control effect.

Mechanism and practice of rock control in deep large span cut holes

Deep large span cut holes are difficult to stabilize. The 7801 cut hole in the Lu'an Wuyang Mine was used as this project's background. The main factors affecting large span cut hole stability are analyzed. Pre- stressed bolting theory was used to design a roof control method for a large span roadway. By reducing the span and applying equal strength coordinated supports the rock could be stabilized. The control prin- ciples and methods are given herein along with the analysis. A double micro arch cross section roadway is defined and its use in solving the current problem is described. Beam arch theory was used to build a model of the double micro arch cross section roadway. A support reverse force model for the arch foot intersection was also derived. A support method based upon reducing the width of the large span in the cut hole is presented. These results show that the reduced span of the roadway roof plus the use of cable anchors and single supports gives an effective way to control the large span cut hole. On site monitoring showed that the reduced span support from the double micro arch cross section roadway design had a significant effect. The roadway surface displacement was small and harmful deformation of the cut hole was effectively controlled. This will ensure its long term stability.

Trust-region based instantaneous optimal semi-active control of long-span spatially extended structures with MRF-04K damper

In the field of civil engineering, magnetorheological fluid （MRF） damper-based semi-active control systems have received considerable attention for use in protecting structures from natural hazards such as strong earthquakes and high winds. In this paper, the MRF damper-based semi-active control system is applied to a long-span spatially extended structure and its feasibility is discussed. Meanwhile, a _trust-region method based instantaneous optimal semi-active control algorithm （TIOC） is proposed to improve the performance of the semi-active control system in a multiple damper situation. The proposed TIOC describes the control process as a bounded constraint optimization problem, in which an optimal semi- active control force vector is solved by the trust-region method in every control step to minimize the structural responses. A numerical example of a railway station roof structure installed with MRF-04K dampers is presented. First, a modified Bouc- Wen model is utilized to describe the behavior of the selected MRF-04K damper. Then, two semi-active control systems, including the well-known clipped-optimal controller and the proposed TIOC controller, are considered. Based on the characteristics of the long-span spatially extended structure, the performance of the control system is evaluated under uniform earthquake excitation and travelling-wave excitation with different apparent velocities. The simulation results indicate that the MR fluid damper-based semi-active control systems have the potential to mitigate the responses of full-scale long-span spatially extended structures under earthquake hazards. The superiority of the proposed TIOC controller is demonstrated by comparing its control effectiveness with the clipped-optimal controller for several different cases.

SPAN简化方法以及盘中风险控制模式研究

为了更有效率地适应期权业务发展,本文在研究境内外各交易所保证金模型和风险控制模式的基础上,提出一种逐笔计算简化参数SPAN算法。该算法通过业务层面简化和算法层优化,支持逐笔增量式计算。实验结果表明在简化参数的基础上,该算法与传统SPAN算法准确率相差无几,但逐笔计算1的吞吐量提升明显(在(35~41)万/秒之间)。此外,本文还提出了交易前逐笔预收、交易后逐笔返还的逐笔非线性风险控制模式和交易前逐笔预收、交易后实时异步返还的逐笔延迟释放风险控制模式,为相关系统设计者提供决策参考。

MST-BASED CLUSTERING TOPOLOGY CONTROL ALGORITHM FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

In this paper, we propose a novel clustering topology control algorithm named Minimum Spanning Tree (MST)-based Clustering Topology Control (MCTC) for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), which uses a hybrid approach to adjust sensor nodes' transmission power in two-tiered hi- erarchical WSNs. MCTC algorithm employs a one-hop Maximum Energy & Minimum Distance (MEMD) clustering algorithm to decide clustering status. Each cluster exchanges information between its own Cluster Members (CMs) locally and then deliveries information to the Cluster Head (CH). Moreover, CHs exchange information between CH and CH and afterwards transmits aggregated in- formation to the base station finally. The intra-cluster topology control scheme uses MST to decide CMs' transmission radius, similarly, the inter-cluster topology control scheme applies MST to decide CHs' transmission radius. Since the intra-cluster topology control is a full distributed approach and the inter-cluster topology control is a pure centralized approach performed by the base station, therefore, MCTC algorithm belongs to one kind of hybrid clustering topology control algorithms and can obtain scalability topology and strong connectivity guarantees simultaneously. As a result, the network topology will be reduced by MCTC algorithm so that network energy efficiency will be improved. The simulation results verify that MCTC outperforms traditional topology control schemes such as LMST, DRNG and MEMD at the aspects of average node's degree, average node's power radius and network lifetime, respectively.

乳化炸药用Span-80生产工艺控制及在炸药生产中的应用

本文通过油酸和山梨醇的投料比,反应温度,催化剂选择等工艺条件控制调整,将Span-80乳化剂羟值控制在220-250KOH/g之间,粘度控制在600-800mpa·s之间,优化生产出适合乳化炸药生产的Span-80乳化剂,并应用于乳化炸药生产,5个月储存期炸药爆速达到4901m/s。

深井松软围岩煤巷采动增跨效应及防控技术

针对深井松软煤巷围岩变形严重、巷道支护困难等问题,以城郊煤矿LW21106工作面沿空巷道为工程背景,建立了采动巷道增跨模型,揭示了采动增跨效应演化机理。通过构建巷道顶板横纵弯曲梁模型,指出顶板横向受力、巷道等效跨度、煤岩强度是巷道围岩损伤破坏的主控因素,提出了采动增跨效应防控对策并进行工业性试验。研究结果表明:受采动影响,巷道经历“初始围岩稳定—围岩裂隙发育扩展—围岩剪切破坏加剧—等效跨度增加”过程;巷道顶板最大正应力与应力集中系数、顶板等效跨度、巷道断面尺寸及埋深成正相关关系;巷道顶板在高应力环境下易发生拉剪破坏,增加顶板锚索数量以及锚索预紧力有利于增强顶板初期完整性。基于巷道变形破坏主控因素,提出“围岩加固–卸压–强化支护”协同防控策略;针对现场条件,采用煤柱侧向切顶+注浆加固并对破碎区域补充锚索强化支护的防控技术。现场监测结果表明,煤柱帮最大移近量为18.89cm,顶板下沉量为25.86cm,两帮移近量为29.65 cm,有效控制了煤巷围岩变形,为深井松软围岩巷道变形控制提供了参考。

A Location-Based Clustering Topology Control Algorithm in WSN

Aiming at the existing problems in Leach algorithm,which has short network survival time and high energy consumption,a new location-based clustering topology control algorithm is proposed.Based on Leach algorithm,improvements have been done.Firstly,when selecting cluster head,node degree,remaining energy,and the number of being cluster head,these three elements are taken into consideration.Secondly,by running the minimum spanning tree algorithm,the tree routing is constructed.Finally,selecting the next hop between clusters is done by MTE algorithm.Simulation results show that the presented control algorithm has not only a better adaptability in the large-scale networks,but also a bigger improvement in terms of some indicators of performance such as network lifetime and network energy consumption.

复杂环境下秀江双桥控制爆破拆除

为在复杂环境下对两座200 m钢筋砼桥梁(连续梁老桥与拱形新桥)实施控制爆破,选择双桥桥墩、连续梁腹板及双曲拱桥拱脚为爆破部位,破坏桥梁的主要承重部位。采用深孔桥墩爆破和浅孔主梁爆破相结合的爆破方法,降低施工安全风险并提高施工效率。其中,深孔桥墩爆破采用由桥面向桥墩的大直径垂直炮孔,克服了桥墩圆弧面对最小抵抗线计算的影响,减少了钻孔工作量。设计起爆方式为梁桥同方向逐跨分段延期起爆,即:两桥由南向北同向逐跨起爆,每跨之间等间隔延时,同时两桥之间设计50 ms的延时间隔(新桥的起爆时间比老桥延后50 ms)。为减少爆破振动及塌落振动,采用毫秒延时控制爆破,最小抵抗线方向背离较近岸边保护对象。此外,为控制爆破飞石,采用了桥台堆沙袋,爆破体进行钢丝网捆扎并用多层竹笆覆盖的防护措施。起爆后,大桥逐跨坍塌,被爆桥体塌落解体较充分,塌落振动及飞石控制效果良好。

武汉协和医院质子医学中心结构设计及关键问题

武汉协和医院质子医学中心的建设对结构专业设计提出了特殊要求。详细介绍了项目概况、设计条件,阐述了基础与地下室以及上部结构的设计要点,包括桩基选型、结构分缝、结构方案、大跨等特殊部位处理方法等。针对质子区结构设计,重点论述了沉降控制、振动控制、辐射防护、吊装孔设计等关键问题。设计时通过合理设置结构缝、优化桩基础设计、采用大厚度墙板和重密度混凝土、设计特殊预制梁等措施,较好地解决了上述问题;并运用环境调研、数值模拟、现场实测等方法,取得了良好的效果;结构设计能够满足质子医院的建筑功能需求和特殊工艺要求。

An Application of a Multivariable Self-Tuning Regulatorto the Control System of a Equipment Spare Parts

A discrete-dine control system model of equipment spare parts is proposed In this model,the stochastic demand, of the spare parts is described by the state equation disturbance. The controlpolicy of the system was deduced by means of the methods of a multivariable self-tuning regulatorand reduced-cud r state observer. An example was given in the end.

Wind-induced vibration control of bridges using liquid column damper

The potential application of tuned liquid column damper (TLCD) for suppressing wind-induced vibration of long span bridges is explored in this paper.By installing the TLCD in the bridge deck,a mathematical model for the bridge-TLCD system is established.The governing equations of the system are developed by considering all three displacement components of the deck in vertical,lateral,and torsional vibrations,in which the interactions between the bridge deck,the TLCD,the aeroelastic forces,and the aerodynamic forces are fully reflected.Both buffeting and flutter analyses are carried out.The buffeting analysis is performed through random vibration approach,and a critical flutter condition is identified from flutter analysis.A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the control effectiveness of the damper and it is shown that the TLCD can be an effective device for suppressing wind-induced vibration of long span bridges,either for reducing the buffeting response or increasing the critical flutter wind velocity of the bridge.

融合均值榜样的反向互学习水母搜索算法

为解决水母搜索算法(jellyfish search algorithm,JS)的洋流运动缺乏多样性、群内运动缺乏引导性、种群间信息无交流,造成搜索速度慢、稳定性差及易早熟的问题,构建了一种融合均值榜样的反向互学习水母搜索算法(oppositional-mutual learning jellyfish search algorithm based on mean-value example,OMLJS).首先在水母跟随洋流运动(全局搜索)部分,利用前两代水母的平均位置代替只考虑上一代水母的平均位置来引导水母个体的位置更新,提高算法的全局搜索能力;其次在水母的群内主动运动(局部搜索)部分,利用最优个体代替随机个体来引导水母进行更有效的搜索,加快算法的收敛速度;然后在水母进入下一次迭代前增加对水母种群进行动态反向互学习步骤,增加种群多样性及增强种群间的信息交流,达到互补另外两个策略,提高算法的整体优化性能.选用12个经典的基准测试优化函数,将OMLJS与5个对比算法从解的平均值、最优值及方差进行对比分析,并用于求解最小生成树问题,OMLJS能够更快地找到最小生成树.实验结果表明,OMLJS的收敛速度、求解精度明显提高.

大跨度矮塔斜拉桥建造关键控制因素研究

新建淮北至宿州至蚌埠高铁淮河特大桥采用(124+248+124)m矮塔斜拉桥跨越淮河。本文介绍了工程概况,施工方案,通过建立有限元计算模型,主要从斜拉索第一次张拉力比值及二次张拉时序、预应力施工对徐变的影响、刚构体系对顶力、合龙温度对刚构墩受力影响等施工关键控制因素进行了分析。结果表明斜拉索第一次张拉力比值,二次张拉时序、跨中底板束及顶板束预应力施工对控制工后徐变影响明显,塔梁墩固结体系梁体合龙前施工对顶力、合龙温度对刚构墩受力影响较大,施工过程应严格控制这些关键因素以提高成桥质量。

面向空地中继网络优化的无人机运动控制方法

本文提出一种基于模型的通信中继无人机运动控制方法,旨在提高地面车辆编队的网络连通性和通信性能。通过联合考虑未知多用户移动性、环境对信道特性的影响以及接收信号的不可用到达角信息来解决中继无人机运动控制问题。该方法主要由两部分构成:①利用图论中的最小生成树构建网络连接性并定义通信性能指标,该网络连接性同时考虑了地面节点与无人机的通信链路及地面节点与地面节点的通信链路;②针对移动节点的通信中继,提出一种改进粒子群优化(particle swarm optimization,PSO)和非线性模型预测控制(nonlinear model predictive control,NMPC)相结合的中继无人机运动控制策略,其中移动节点的未来位置由卡尔曼滤波器进行预测。在单一环境和复杂环境下的仿真结果表明,所提出的运动控制方法可以驱使无人机到达或跟踪最优中继位置的运动并提高网络性能,同时论证了考虑环境对信道的影响是有益的。

大跨度现浇预应力空心楼盖在室内体育馆的应用及质量控制

针对大跨度梁板结构体系存在的梁截面高、室内净高不足、影响功能使用以及增加造价等问题,通过案例分析法并以某学院风雨操场工程的乒乓球、羽毛球训练馆为例,深入分析大跨度现浇预应力空心楼盖技术在室内体育馆的应用以及关键工序的质量控制等重要问题。结果表明:预应力空心楼盖体系能很好地解决使用跨度和室内净空高度等问题。

大跨桥梁主梁涡振的转角抑振理念及伸臂阻尼实现

大跨桥梁频率低而密集且固有阻尼小,易出现风致振动,呈现出起振风速低、振动模态多和持续时间长的潜在风险。文章提出一种利用主梁转角变形附加旋转阻尼的大跨桥梁多阶模态减振方法,并提出伸臂阻尼系统的实现方式。首先,利用悬索桥的简化张拉梁模型研究伸臂阻尼系统对张拉梁多阶模态的阻尼效果,采用典型悬索桥的主缆索力和主梁抗弯刚度参数,分析表明单个伸臂阻尼系统能提升模态阻尼比达到0.8%;探究了主梁抗弯刚度与主缆索力比值、伸臂刚度和位置等对阻尼效果的影响规律。以舟山西堠门大桥为例,建立了带黏滞型伸臂阻尼系统桥梁的有限元模型。通过复特征值分析,研究了伸臂阻尼系统对多阶模态的阻尼效果、伸臂刚度和安装位置对阻尼的影响等。分析表明,大跨桥梁单侧塔梁设置刚性伸臂阻尼系统能够使大桥出现过涡激振动的7阶模态中的6阶模态阻尼比达到0.98%以上;双侧安装,上述6阶模态阻尼比能达到1.12%以上。实际设计伸臂抗弯刚度达到2倍主梁抗弯刚度时,可认为满足伸臂刚度需求。综上,文章提出的桥梁主梁转角抑振理念和伸臂阻尼系统的多模态阻尼减振控制效果良好。

大跨度化工控制室抗爆设计中结构的优化研究

通过分析大跨度化工控制室的特点和抗爆设计中需要考虑的因素,提出了结构减重和加强节点连接等优化方案,并运用抗爆仿真技术对这些方案进行了评估和分析。仿真结果表明,结构减重、加强节点连接和采用防爆玻璃等方案均能有效提高控制室的抗爆性能和安全性。在此基础上,进一步讨论了控制室抗爆设计的进一步研究方向和改进措施。

连体高层大跨钢连廊设计关键技术分析

以实际工程项目为背景,针对多塔连体高层大跨钢连廊设计中存在的关键技术问题,对多塔弱连接体结构进行了整体弹性和弹塑性分析,研究了大跨钢连廊对塔楼受力和抗震性能的影响以及连廊自身振动特性和振动控制方案。结果表明,采用弱连接方案来降低大跨钢连廊对各塔楼的影响是合理可行的解决方案;对与连廊采用滑动支座连接一端的塔楼,其独立塔楼和整体模型的动力特性和地震响应基本一致,塔楼可按独立塔楼模型计算结果进行设计;对与连廊采用固定铰支座连接一端的塔楼,其独立塔楼和整体模型的动力特征和地震响应有较大差异,应考虑连廊对抗震性能的影响,按整体模型和独立塔楼模型计算结果进行包络设计;连廊支座布置方案和选取的抗震支座实现了预期弱连接设计理念,满足大震下变形需求;采用TMD减振控制的大跨钢连廊在人群荷载激励下的竖向振动加速度响应减小显著,减振率达到70%,减振后竖向振动加速度满足规范要求。