Research on Total Electric Field Prediction Method of Ultra-High Voltage Direct Current Transmission Line Based on Stacking Algorithm

Ultra-high voltage(UHV)transmission lines are an important part of China’s power grid and are often surrounded by a complex electromagnetic environment.The ground total electric field is considered a main electromagnetic environment indicator of UHV transmission lines and is currently employed for reliable long-term operation of the power grid.Yet,the accurate prediction of the ground total electric field remains a technical challenge.In this work,we collected the total electric field data from the Ningdong-Zhejiang±800 kV UHVDC transmission project,as of the Ling Shao line,and perform an outlier analysis of the total electric field data.We show that the Local Outlier Factor(LOF)elimination algorithm has a small average difference and overcomes the performance of Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise(DBSCAN)and Isolated Forest elimination algorithms.Moreover,the Stacking algorithm has been found to have superior prediction accuracy than a variety of similar prediction algorithms,including the traditional finite element.The low prediction error of the Stacking algorithm highlights the superior ability to accurately forecast the ground total electric field of UHVDC transmission lines.

Design and Analysis of Power and Transmission System of Downhole Pure Electric Command Vehicle

Electric vehicles use electric motors, which turn electrical energy into mechanical energy. As electric motors are conventionally used in all the industry, it is an established development site. It’s a mature technology with ideal power and torque curves for vehicular operation. Conventional vehicles use oil and gas as fuel or energy storage. Although they also have an excellent economic impact, the continuous use of oil and gas threatened the world’s reservation of total oil and gas. Also, they emit carbon dioxide and some toxic ingredients through the vehicle’s tailpipe, which causes the greenhouse effect and seriously impacts the environment. So, as an alternative, electric car refers to a green technology of decarbonization with zero emission of greenhouse gases through the tailpipe. So, they can remove the problem of greenhouse gas emissions and solve the world’s remaining non-renewable energy storage problem. Pure electric vehicles (PEV) can be applied in all spheres, but their special implementation can only be seen in downhole operations. They are used for low noise and less pollution in the downhole process. In this study, the basic structure of the pure electric command vehicle is studied, the main components of the command vehicle power system, namely the selection of the drive motor and the power battery, are analyzed, and the main parameters of the drive motor and the power battery are designed and calculated. The checking calculation results show that the power and transmission system developed in this paper meets the design requirements, and the design scheme is feasible and reasonable.

Decision Analysis on IoV Routing Transmission and Energy Efficiency Optimization Algorithm with AmBC

The improvement of the quality and efficiency of vehicle wireless network data transmission is always a key concern in the Internet of Vehicles(IoV).Routing transmission solved the limitation of transmission distance to a certain extent.Traditional routing algorithm cannot adapt to complex traffic environment,resulting in low transmission efficiency.In order to improve the transmission success rate and quality of vehicle network routing transmission,make the routing algorithm more suitable for complex traffic environment,and reduce transmission power consumption to improve energy efficiency,a comprehensive optimized routing transmission algorithm is proposed.Based on the routing transmission algorithm,an optimization algorithmbased on road condition,vehicle status and network performance is proposed to improve the success rate of routing transmission in the IoV.Relative distance difference and density are used as decision-making indicators to measure Road Side Unit(RSU)assisted transmission.And the Ambient backscatter communication(AmBC)technology and energy collection are used to reduce the energy consumption of routing relay transmission.An energy collection optimization algorithm is proposed to optimize the energy efficiency of AmBC and improve the energy efficiency of transmission.Simulation results show that the proposed routing optimization algorithm can effectively improve the success rate of packet transmission in vehicular ad hoc networks(VANETs),and theAmBC optimization algorithmcan effectively reduce energy consumption in the transmission process.The proposed optimization algorithm achieves comprehensive optimization of routing transmission performance and energy efficiency.

Improved Ant Colony-Genetic Algorithm for Information Transmission Path Optimization in Remanufacturing Service System

The information transmission path optimization(ITPO) can often a ect the e ciency and accuracy of remanufactur?ing service. However, there is a greater degree of uncertainty and complexity in information transmission of remanu?facturing service system, which leads to a critical need for designing planning models to deal with this added uncer?tainty and complexity. In this paper, a three?dimensional(3D) model of remanufacturing service information network for information transmission is developed, which combines the physic coordinate and the transmitted properties of all the devices in the remanufacturing service system. In order to solve the basic ITPO in the 3D model, an improved 3D ant colony algorithm(Improved AC) was put forward. Moreover, to further improve the operation e ciency of the algorithm, an improved ant colony?genetic algorithm(AC?GA) that combines the improved AC and genetic algorithm was developed. In addition, by taking the transmission of remanufacturing service demand information of certain roller as example, the e ectiveness of AC?GA algorithm was analyzed and compared with that of improved AC, and the results demonstrated that AC?GA algorithm was superior to AC algorithm in aspects of information transmission delay, information transmission cost, and rate of information loss.

Reducing energy consumption optimization selection of path transmission routing algorithm in opportunistic networks

Opportunistic networks are random networks and do not communicate with each other among respective communication areas.This situation leads to great difficulty in message transfer.This paper proposes a reducing energy consumption optimal selection of path transmission(OSPT) routing algorithm in opportunistic networks.This algorithm designs a dynamic random network topology,creates a dynamic link,and realizes an optimized selected path.This algorithm solves a problem that nodes are unable to deliver messages for a long time in opportunistic networks.According to the simulation experiment,OSPT improves deliver ratio,and reduces energy consumption,cache time and transmission delay compared with the Epidemic Algorithm and Spray and Wait Algorithm in opportunistic networks.

Transmission Scheduling Algorithm in DTN

Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) is a dynamic topology network, in which connection durations of each link are variable and paths between two nodes are intermittent. Most of protocols which are widely used in traditional wireless network are not suitable for DTNs. DTN adopts store-and-forward mechanism to cope with the problem of intermittent path. With limited storage of each node, it is a challenge for scheduling nodes’ transmission to avoid overflow of nodes’ buffers. In this paper we propose an optimal transmission scheduling algorithm for DTN with nodes’ buffer constraints. The object of the optimal algorithm is to get maximum throughput. We also present an algorithm for obtaining suboptimal transmission schedules. Our solution is certified through simulation, and it is observed that our solution can improve network performance in the aspects of avoiding overflow and increasing network throughput.

Joint Detection for Image Transmission Based on Schur Algorithm over Wireless Sensor Network

To achieve much efficient multimedia transmission over an error-prone wireless network, there are still some problem must to be solved, especially in energy limited wireless sensor network. In this paper, we propose a joint detection based on Schur Algorithm for image wireless transmission over wireless sensor network. To eliminate error transmissions and save transmission energy, we combine Schur algorithm with joint dynamic detection for wireless transmission of JPEG 2000 encoded image which we proposed in [1]. Schur algorithm is used to computing the decomposition of system matrix to decrease the computational complexity. We de-scribe our transmission protocol, and report on its performance evaluation using a simulation testbed we have designed for this purpose. Our results clearly indicate that our method could approach efficient images transmission in wireless sensor network and the transmission errors are significantly reduced when compared to regular transmissions.

Transmission Lines Distance Protection Using Differential Equation Algorithm and Hilbert-Huang Transform

This paper proposed the scheme of transmission lines distance protection based on differential equation algorithms (DEA) and Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT). The measured impedance based on EDA is affected by various factors, such as the distributed capacitance, the transient response characteristics of current transformer and voltage transformer, etc. In order to overcome this problem, the proposed scheme applies HHT to improve the apparent impedance estimated by DEA. Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is used to decompose the data set from DEA into the intrinsic mode functions (IMF) and the residue. This residue has monotonic trend and is used to evaluate the impedance of faulty line. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme improves significantly the accuracy of the estimated impedance.

CONVERGENCE RESULTS FOR NON-OVERLAP SCHWARZ WAVEFORM RELAXATION ALGORITHM WITH CHANGING TRANSMISSION CONDITIONS

In this paper,we establish a new algorithm to the non-overlapping Schwarz domain decomposition methods with changing transmission conditions for solving one dimensional advection reaction diffusion problem.More precisely,we first describe the new algorithm and prove the convergence results under several natural assumptions on the sequences of parameters which determine the transmission conditions.Then we give a simple method to estimate the new value of parameters in each iteration.The interesting advantage of our method is that one may update the better parameters in each iteration to save the computational cost for optimizing the parameters after many steps.Finally some numerical experiments are performed to show the behavior of the convergence rate for the new method.

Parameter optimization of electric bus transmission system based on dynamical evolutionary algorithm

The transmission ratio is the key parameters influence power performance and economic performance of electric vehicle （EV）. As a class of heuristic algorithms, Dynamical Evolutionary Algorithm （DEA） is suitable to solve multi-objective optimization problems. This paper presents a new method to optimize the transmission ratio using DEA. The fuzzy constraints and objective function of transmission ratio are established for parameter optimization problem of electric bus transmission. DEA is used to solve the optimiza- tion problem. The transmission system is also designed based on the optimization result. Optimization and test results show that the dynamical evolutionary algorithm is an effective method to solve transmission parameter optimization problems.

A Hybrid Algorithm for Satellite Data Transmission Schedule Based on Genetic Algorithm

A hybrid scheduling algorithm based on genetic algorithm is proposed in this paper for reconnaissance satellite data transmission.At first,based on description of satellite data transmission request,satellite data transmission task model and satellite data transmission scheduling problem model are established.Secondly,the conflicts in scheduling are discussed.According to the meaning of possible conflict,the method to divide possible conflict task set is given.Thirdly,a hybrid algorithm which consists of genetic algorithm and heuristic information is presented.The heuristic information comes from two concepts,conflict degree and conflict number.Finally,an example shows the algorithm's feasibility and performance better than other traditional

Application of clutch to clutch gear shift technology for a new automatic transmission

For the purpose of engineering development for a new 8-step speed automatic transmission,a simplified dynamic model for this gearbox was established and key parameters which affected the shift quality were analyzed.Aiming at four different shift types,the ideal characteristics of shift clutch and engine control were set up.By using torque estimation method,PI slip control algorithm and engine coordinated control principle,the control model and transmission controller were well developed for three shift phases which included rapid-fill phase,torque phase and inertia phase.The testing environment on the rig and prototype vehicle level was built and the testing results obtained in ultimate condition could verify the accuracy and feasibility of this shift control strategy.The peak jerk during shift process was controlled within ±2 g/s where the smooth gearshift was obtained.The development proposal and algorithm have a high value for engineering application.

MODELING, VALIDATION AND OPTIMAL DESIGN OF THE CLAMPING FORCE CONTROL VALVE USED IN CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE TRANSMISSION

Associated dynamic performance of the clamping force control valve used in continuously variable transmission （CVT） is optimized. Firstly, the structure and working principle of the valve are analyzed, and then a dynamic model is set up by means of mechanism analysis. For the purpose of checking the validity of the modeling method, a prototype workpiece of the valve is manufactured for comparison test, and its simulation result follows the experimental result quite well. An associated performance index is founded considering the response time, overshoot and saving energy, and five structural parameters are selected to adjust for deriving the optimal associated performance index. The optimization problem is solved by the genetic algorithm （GA） with necessary constraints. Finally, the properties of the optimized valve are compared with those of the prototype workpiece, and the results prove that the dynamic performance indexes of the optimized valve are much better than those of the prototype workpiece.

Optimal transmission lines assignment with maximal reliabilities in multi-source multi-sink multi-state computer network

The optimal transmission lines assignment with maximal reliabilities (OTLAMR) in the multi-source multi-sink multi-state computer network (MMMCN) was investigated. The OTLAMR problem contains two sub-problems: the MMMCN reliabilities evaluation and multi-objective transmission lines assignment optimization. First, a reliability evaluation with a transmission line assignment (RETLA) algorithm is proposed to calculate the MMMCN reliabilities under the cost constraint for a certain transmission lines configuration. Second, the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) is adopted to find the non-dominated set of the transmission lines assignments based on the reliabilities obtained from the RETLA algorithm. By combining the RETLA and the NSGA-II algorithms together, the RETLA-NSGA II algorithm is proposed to solve the OTLAMR problem. The experiments result show that the RETLA-NSGA II algorithm can provide efficient solutions in a reasonable time, from which the decision makers can choose the best solution based on their preferences and experiences.

Dynamic Encryption and Secure Transmission of Terminal Data Files

Data is the last defense line of security,in order to prevent data loss,no matter where the data is stored,copied or transmitted,it is necessary to accurately detect the data type,and further clarify the form and encryption structure of the data transmission process to ensure the accuracy of the data,so as to prevent data leakage,take the data characteristics as the core,use transparent encryption and decryption technology as the leading,and According to the data element characteristics such as identity authentication,authority management,outgoing management,file audit and external device management,the terminal data is marked with attributes to form a data leakage prevention module with data function,so as to control the data in the whole life cycle from creation,storage,transmission,use to destruction,no matter whether the data is stored in the server,PC or mobile device,provide unified policy management,form ecological data chain with vital characteristics,and provide comprehensive protection system for file dynamic encryption transmission,such as prevention in advance,control in the event,and audit after the event,so as to ensure the security of dynamic encryption in the process of file transmission,ensure the core data of the file,and help the enterprise keep away from the risk of data leakage.

Accurate Fault Location Modeling for Parallel Transmission Lines Considering Mutual Effect

:A new accurate algorithms based on mathematical modeling of two parallel transmissions lines system(TPTLS)as influenced by the mutual effect to determine the fault location is discussed in this work.The distance relay measures the impedance to the fault location which is the positive-sequence.The principle of summation the positive-,negative-,and zero-sequence voltages which equal zero is used to determine the fault location on the TPTLS.Also,the impedance of the transmission line to the fault location is determined.These algorithms are applied to single-line-to-ground(SLG)and double-line-to-ground(DLG)faults.To detect the fault location along the transmission line,its impedance as seen by the distance relay is determined to indicate if the fault is within the relay’s reach area.TPTLS under study are fed from one-and both-ends.A schematic diagrams are obtained for the impedance relays to determine the fault location with high accuracy.

Multi-objective Transmission Expansion Planning Considering Life Cycle Cost

为克服目前全寿命周期成本（life cycle cost,LCC）技术的应用局限于设备运行或维护阶段的不足,针对输电网整体建立一个3维LCC层级模型,包括时间维度、元件维度和费用维度。费用维度进一步分解为设备级、系统级、外部环境成本。研究了以可靠性为中心的维护手段的应用对维护成本的影响,利用电量不足期望值计算故障成本。在此基础上,对风电等4种不确定因素进行建模,建立以LCC成本最小和切负荷量最小为多目标的输电网机会约束规划模型。采用正态边界交点算法联合改进小生境遗传算法,对模型有效求解。最后,分别对18节点系统和77节点系统进行算例分析。研究结果给出了帕累托解集及推荐的最优规划方案;此外,LCC费用分解图表明了各费用的比重和影响,有利于指导未来资产管理。

Research on optimal intelligent routing algorithm for IoV with machine learning and smart contract

The huge increase in the communication network rate has made the application fields and scenarios for vehicular ad hoc networks more abundant and diversified and proposed more requirements for the efficiency and quality of data transmission.To improve the limited communication distance and poor communication quality of the Internet of Vehicles(IoV),an optimal intelligent routing algorithm is proposed in this paper.Combined multiweight decision algorithm with the greedy perimeter stateless routing protocol,designed and evaluated standardized function for link stability.Linear additive weighting is used to optimize link stability and distance to improve the packet delivery rate of the IoV.The blockchain system is used as the storage structure for relay data,and the smart contract incentive algorithm based on machine learning is used to encourage relay vehicles to provide more communication bandwidth for data packet transmission.The proposed scheme is simulated and analyzed under different scenarios and different parameters.The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can effectively reduce the packet loss rate and improve system performance.

Optimal design scheme based on the segmental transmission line methodology for high-frequency interconnection in 3D micro/nano integration

With the continuous growth of signal frequency and package density, discontinuity of the high-frequency interconnection in 3 D micro/nano integration becomes unavoidable, which results in serious signal integrity problems. Traditional interconnection design schemes, such as termination and shielding/isolation, cannot meet the requirements under the unified constraints of specific cost, space occupancy, and performance. In this study, a transmission line design optimization scheme based on the segmental transmission line(STL) methodology is proposed. The genetic algorithm is used to select the optimal segment structure parameters of the transmission line to construct an STL with satisfying transmission performance or meet the specific signal amplitude adjustment requirements. This scheme can be adapted to various signal transmission scenarios to significantly improve the signal loss caused by reflection or other negative electromagnetic factors and meet the requirements for the modeling of discontinuous transmission lines. The simulation results show that this scheme is effective in the design scenario of performance improvement or equivalent modeling of discontinuous transmission lines and has significant advantages in circuit area reduction.

Parallel-Transmission: A New Usage of Multi-Radio Diversity in Wireless Mesh Network

To fully utilize the diversity of multi-radio, a new parallel transmission method for wireless mesh network is proposed. Compared with conventional packet transmission which follows “one flow on one radio”, it uses the radio diversity to transmit the packets on different radios simultaneously. Three components are presented to achieve parallel-transmission, which are control module, selection module and schedule module. A localized selecting algorithm selects the right radios based on the quality of wireless links. Two kinds of distributed scheduling algorithms are implemented to transmit packets on the selected radios. Finally, a parallel-adaptive routing metric is presented. Simulation results by NS2 show that this parallel-transmission scheme could enhance the average throughput of network by more than 10%.