Reflectionless spatial beam benders with arbitrary bending angle by introducing optic-null medium into transformation optics

By introducing an optic-null medium into the finite embedded transformation,a reflectionless spatial beam bender is designed,which can steer the output beam by a fixed pre-designed angleβfor an arbitrary incident angle.The bending angleβof the beam bender is determined by the geometrical angle of the device,which can be changed by simply choosing different geometrical angles.For various bending angles,the designed spatial beam bender can be realized by the same materials(i.e.,an optic-null medium),which is a homogenous anisotropic material.Numerical simulations verify the reflectionless bending effect and rotated imaging ability of the proposed beam bender.A reduction model of the optic-null medium is studied,which can also be used for a reflectionless spatial beam bender with a pre-designed bending angle.

GEOMETRICALLY NONLINEAR FINITE ELEMENT MODEL OF SPATIAL THIN-WALLED BEAMS WITH GENERAL OPEN CROSS SECTION

Based on the theory of Timoshenko and thin-walled beams, a new finite element model of spatial thin-walled beams with general open cross sections is presented in the paper, in which several factors are included such as lateral shear deformation, warp generated by nonuni- form torsion and second-order shear stress, coupling of flexure and torsion, and large displacement with small strain. With an additional internal node in the element, the element stiffness matrix is deduced by incremental virtual work in updated Lagrangian （UL） formulation. Numerical examples demonstrate that the presented model well describes the geometrically nonlinear property of spatial thin-walled beams.

Minimum Control Energy of Spatial Beam with Assumed Attitude Adjustment Target

The dynamic analysis on the ultra-large spatial structure can be simplified drastically by ignoring the flexibility and damping of the structure.However,these simplifications will result in the erroneous estimate on the dynamic behaviors of the ultra-large spatial structure.Taking the spatial beam as an example,the minimum control energy defined by the difference between the initial total energy and the final total energy in the assumed stable attitude state of the beam is investigated by the structure-preserving method proposed in our previous studies in two cases:the spatial beam considering the flexibility as well as the damping effect,and the spatial beam ignoring both the flexibility and the damping effect.In the numerical experiments,the assumed simulation interval of three months is evaluated on whether or not it is long enough for the spatial flexible damping beam to arrive at the assumed stable attitude state.And then,taking the initial attitude angle and the initial attitude angle velocity as the independent variables,respectively,the minimum control energies of the mentioned two cases are investigated in detail.From the numerical results,the following conclusions can be obtained.With the fixed initial attitude angle velocity,the minimum control energy of the spatial flexible damping beam is higher than that of the spatial rigid beam when the initial attitude angle is close to or far away from the stable attitude state.With the fixed initial attitude angle,ignoring the flexibility and the damping effect will underestimate the minimum control energy of the spatial beam.

A new finite element of spatial thin-walled beams

Based on the theories of Timoshenko＇s beams and Vlasov＇s thin-walled members, a new spatial thin-walled beam element with an interior node is developed. By independently interpolating bending angles and warp, factors such as transverse shear deformation, torsional shear deformation and their Coupling, coupling of flexure and torsion, and second shear stress are considered. According to the generalized variational theory of Hellinger-Reissner, the element stiffness matrix is derived. Examples show that the developed model is accurate and can be applied in the finite element analysis of thinwalled structures.

Spatial beam shaping by quartz crystal piano-convex lens

Based on the optical activity of quartz crystal, we proposed a scheme for shaping the spatial intensity distribution of a linearly polarized laser beam by utilizing a quartz crystal piano-convex lens in combination with a polarizer. The intensity profile of the shaped laser beam can be easily switched from one profile to another by controlling the polarization direction of the incident laser beam.

Bending behaviour of lightweight aggregate concrete-filled steel tube spatial truss beam

A lightweight aggregate concrete-filled steel tube(LACFST) spatial truss beam was tested under bending load. The performance was studied by the analysis of the beam deflection and strains in its chords and webs. According to the test results, several assumptions were made to deduce the bearing capacity calculation method based on the force balance of the whole section. An optimal dimension relationship for the truss beam chords was proposed and verified by finite element analysis. Results show that the LACFST spatial truss beam failed after excessive deflection. The strain distribution agreed with Bernoulli-Euler theoretical prediction. The truss beam flexural bearing capacity calculation results matched test evidence with only a 3% difference between the two. Finite element analyses with different chord dimensions show that the ultimate bearing capacity increases as the chord dimensions increase when the chords have a diameter smaller than optimal one; otherwise, it remains almost unchanged as the chord dimensions increase.

Novel Method for Spatial Angle Measurement Based on Rotating Planar Laser Beams

Spatial angle measurement, especially the measurement of horizontal and vertical angle, is a basic method used for industrial large-scale coordinate measurement. As main equipments in use, both theodolites and laser trackers can provide very high accuracy for spatial angle measurement. However, their industrial applications are limited by low level of automation and poor parallelism. For the purpose of improving measurement efficiency, a lot of studies have been conducted and several alternative methods have been proposed. Unfortunately, all these means are either low precision or too expensive. In this paper, a novel method of spatial angle measurement based on two rotating planar laser beams is proposed and demonstrated. Photoelectric receivers placed on measured points are used to receive the rotating planner laser signals transmitted by laser transmitters. The scanning time intervals of laser planes were measured, and then measured point＇s horizontal/vertical angles can be calculated. Laser plane＇s angle parameters are utilized to establish the abstract geometric model of transmitter. Calculating formulas of receiver＇s horizontal/vertical angles have been derived. Measurement equations＇ solvability conditions and judgment method of imaginary solutions are also presented after analyzing. Proposed method for spatial angle measurement is experimentally verified through a platform consisting of one laser transmitter and one optical receiver. The transmitters used in new method are only responsible for providing rotating light plane signals carrying angle information. Receivers automatically measure scanning time of laser planes and upload data to the workstation to calculate horizontal angle and vertical angle. Simultaneous measurement of multiple receivers can be realized since there is no human intervention in measurement process .Spatial angle measurement result indicates that the repeatable accuracy of new method is better than 10＂. Proposed method can improve measurement＇s automation degree and speed while ensuring measurement accuracy.

Screw theoretic view on dynamics of spatially compliant beam

Beams with spatial compliance can be deformed as bending in a plane, twisting, and extending. In terms of the screw theory on rigid body motions, the concept of ＂deflection screw＂ is introduced, a spatial compliant beam theory via the deflection screw is proposed, and the spatial compliance of such a beam system is presented and analysed based on the material theory and fundamental kinematic assumptions. To study the dynamics of the spatially compliant beam, the potential energy and the kinetic energy of the beam are discussed by using the screw theory to obtain the Lagrangian. The Rayleigh-Ritz method is used to compute the vibrational frequencies based on discussions of boundary conditions and shape functions. The eigenfrequencies of the beam with spatial compliance are compared with those of individual deformation cases, pure bending, extension, or torsion. Finally, dynamics of a robot with two spatial compliant links and perpendicular joints is studied using the spatial compliant beam theory. Coupling between the joint rigid body motions and the deformations of spatial compliant links can easily be found in dynamic simulation. The study shows the effectiveness of using the screw theory to deal with the problems of dynamic modeling and analysis of mechanisms with spatially compliant links.

Far-zone behaviors of scattering-induced statistical properties of partially polarized spatially and spectrally partially coherent electromagnetic pulsed beam

In this study, we explore the far-zero behaviors of a scattered partially polarized spatially and spectrally partially coherent electromagnetic pulsed beam irradiating on a deterministic medium. The analytical formula for the cross-spectral density matrix elements of this beam in the spherical coordinate system is derived. Within the framework of the first-order Born approximation, the effects of the scattering angle θ, the source parameters (i.e., the pulse duration T0 and the temporal coherence length Tcxx), and the scatterer parameter (i.e., the effective width of the medium σR) on the spectral density, the spectral shift, the spectral degree of polarization, and the degree of spectral coherence of the scattered source in the far-zero field are studied numerically and comparatively. Our work improves the scattering theory of stochastic electromagnetic beams and it may be useful for the applications involving the interaction between incident light waves and scattering media.

Spatial Correlation Characteristics Analysis of Multi-Beam Channels of Mobile Satellite System

Due to the influence of scatterers around the receiving antenna, the multipath signal in satellite mobile communication systems is correlated with each other which would influence the system performance. There is no systematic standard on the channel modelling of the wideband satellite channel at present, so the study of the modelling of the wideband satellite channel is of great importance. In this paper, firstly we created a multi-beam model which can figure out the antenna gain of the nth component beam. Secondly, we combined the characteristics of multi-beam satellite channel and the distribution of the scatterers, and set up a three-dimension random channel model. This model is more realistic for satellite communication system since it considers the height of scatterers. According to the channel models, we had the formula of spatial correlation coefficient. We used the formula to calculate the relationship between spatial correlation coefficient and the interval of antennas. The result shows that the spatial correlation exists and cannot be ignored while modeling for mobile satellite system.

Fusion of Multi-Pinched Plasma Beams Converging with Spatial Symmetry

Fusion reactions can be achieved by using deuterium from sea water as the fuel.The amount of deuterium in one gallon of sea water contains energy equivalent to three hundred gallons of gasoline.Satisfactory conditions of plasma temperature and density necessary to initiate fusion have been achieved in various research facilities.However,the confinement time is not sufficient for ignition due to plasma instabilities.Here we show that fatal plasma instabilities could be suppressed by the ingenious arrangement of multi-pinched plasma beams converging symmetrically in space based on the minimization principle of plasma potential energy.Confirmation tests are proposed using tiny wires containing deuterium.If successful,the results could lead to a feasible approach to obtaining commercial fusion power from sea water,hence without the need to use expensive and radioactive tritium as the fuel.

考虑结构空间约束的现浇楼盖梁跨中受弯性能试验

为研究结构空间约束导致现浇钢筋混凝土楼盖梁跨中受弯承载力超强的机制,以楼盖梁在结构中的空间位置和配筋率为变量,设计12根上部架立筋不伸入支座的楼盖梁试件并开展跨中受弯静力试验,并基于建立经典混凝土理论的试验方法进行了4根简支梁对比试验。对梁试件破坏形态、承载力、变形能力、轴向伸长进行研究,结果表明:楼盖梁试件承载力与按受弯构件计算承载力之比为1.57~2.77,与相应矩形简支梁试件和T形简支梁试件承载力相比均有较大提高,超强程度与配筋率成反比;与简支梁试件相比,楼盖梁试件跨中截面破坏形态未因轴压力而发生显著改变,但楼盖梁试件延性降低;楼盖梁试件轴向伸长随挠度的增大而增大。将楼盖梁视为压弯构件,提出根据楼盖梁试验峰值荷载确定相应轴力和弯矩的方法。计算结果表明,楼盖梁试件跨中截面压弯状态弯矩与受弯状态弯矩的比值为1.28~2.19。楼盖梁试件有限元数值模拟结果表明,随着楼盖梁截面包含的楼板范围增大,轴力沿梁跨分布趋于均匀。

基于空间光调制器的艾里光束能量调制方法

艾里光束由于具有无衍射、自加速和自愈合等特性,具有重要的应用前景。本文基于空间光调制器可编程特性,提出了一种可调谐的艾里光束能量调制新方法。从理论上深入分析通过在相位图中引入一个可控的调制相位而实现了艾里光束能量调控的方法,并且量化了调制参数与能量调制范围的关系。仿真和实验结果表明通过改变调制相位可以灵活地调节光束能量分布,本文的研究有助于进一步推动艾里光束的应用。

结构空间约束对钢筋混凝土梁受弯性能的影响

为探究结构空间约束对框架结构屈服机制的影响,借助多尺度数值方法,建立了具有不同边界条件的钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete,RC)梁模型.定量分析了端部约束及添加现浇楼板对RC框架梁刚度和受弯承载力,即试件所能承受的最大弯矩的影响,揭示了端部约束及现浇楼板对RC梁弯曲机制的影响机理.此外,对各国规范计算的受弯承载力进行对比分析.结果表明,结构空间约束会影响RC框架梁的破坏形态.固支梁的刚度和受弯承载力显著高于简支梁,固支梁的受弯承载力和刚度最高可达简支梁的3.06倍和4.10倍.添加现浇楼板可显著提高梁的受弯承载力与刚度.各国规范可准确地计算简支梁的受弯承载力.然而,计算的固支梁及楼盖梁的受弯承载力极其保守,剪跨比为5.0的固支加板梁的受弯承载力模拟值分别是中国、美国和加拿大规范值的6.25倍、6.76倍和6.06倍.

基于空间光调制器的激光光束宽度调节装置

为了满足激光产业对光束宽度测量装置的溯源要求,提升激光光束宽度校准能力,针对400~700 nm波段的激光器不同光束宽度校准的需求,设计了一套基于空间光调制器的激光光束宽度可调节装置,用于光束质量分析仪或激光光斑测量仪的校准。实验结果表明该装置在0.1~5.0 mm的宽度范围连续可调;利用部分相干光束抗环境扰动能力强的特点,其短期稳定性达99.5%,长期稳定性达99.1%,优于参考激光器96.8%的短期稳定性和96.3%的长期稳定性。此外,基于空间光调制器优越的光束整形能力,该装置可将输入的非规则光束输出为高斯光束。

A new beam element for analyzing geometrical and physical nonlinearity

Based on Timoshenko＇s beam theory and Vlasov＇s thin-walled member theory, a new model of spatial thin-walled beam element is developed for analyzing geometrical and physical nonlinearity, which incorporates an interior node and independent interpolations of bending angles and warp and takes diversified factors into consideration, such as traverse shear deformation, torsional shear deformation and their coupling, coupling of flexure and torsion, and the second shear stress. The geometrical nonlinear strain is formulated in updated Lagarange （UL） and the corresponding stiffness matrix is derived. The perfectly plastic model is used to account for physical nonlinearity, and the yield rule of von Mises and incremental relationship of Prandtle-Reuss are adopted. Elastoplastic stiffness matrix is obtained by numerical integration based on the finite segment method, and a finite element program is compiled. Numerical examples manifest that the proposed model is accurate and feasible in the analysis of thin-walled structures.

移动强干扰条件下大孔径阵列稀疏空间谱估计

无源声呐阵列的目标方位估计性能受到强干扰的显著影响,在干扰源快速移动时大孔径阵列还可能存在快拍不足的问题,为此提出一种结合波束域预处理以实现干扰抑制和数据降维的稀疏空间谱估计方法。首先在预处理阶段对干扰方向形成自适应零点,并通过协方差矩阵锥化展宽零点,然后对预处理后的波束域数据应用稀疏贝叶斯学习进行空间谱估计。与现有方法相比,波束域预处理可以有效减少阻带范围内干扰声源的影响,提高通带范围内空间谱估计的精度和计算效率,零点展宽可以进一步加强稳健性,避免出现快拍不足问题。仿真分析和海试结果表明,所提方法在移动强干扰条件下仍能准确估计目标声源的多途到达角,且计算时间远低于阵元域稀疏方法。

机载一维相扫雷达空域稳定算法研究

传统上机载雷达是采用硬件稳定平台保持天线扫描空域稳定的,如今采用数据处理方法保持扫描空域电子稳定的研究正在引领发展趋势。文中针对机载平台运动引起天线波束指向角的改变以及由此带来的探测精度下降甚至目标丢失的问题,系统地探讨了一维相扫机载雷达保持扫描空域稳定的波束控制方法,建立了机载运动平台下指向角变换的数学模型,推导出由于平台运动引起的波束指向角变换公式,设计了一维相扫移相码的计算方法,通过仿真验证了计算精度、计算时间、波束指向精度和移相器位数选取等关键技术指标。结果表明空域稳定算法有效可靠,为机载相控阵雷达波束控制设计提供了通用化的设计思路,具有较大的工程意义和实用价值。

腹板高度对简支槽型梁力学特性的影响

以阿联酋铁路二期项目B标段跨度48.5 m混凝土简支槽型梁为工程背景,针对采用变截面适应大跨度、重载的受力需求,讨论了腹板高度变化对该重载铁路槽型梁空间变形、道床板双向受力和剪力滞效应等空间力学行为的影响规律。利用Midas FEA NX软件建立了4种不同变截面参数的槽型梁空间实体有限元模型,分析了自重+二期恒载、预应力、单线和双线列车荷载等工况。结果表明:增加两侧腹板的高度,可降低槽型梁道床板的竖向挠度,但会加大腹板上翼缘内倾变形;预应力荷载作用下情况相反。对于槽型梁道床板受力而言,腹板高度越高可降低道床板的纵向应力,但对横向应力无明显影响。在竖向荷载作用下,越靠近跨中位置,剪力滞效应越明显。在预应力荷载作用下,腹板高度变化对剪力滞效应的影响取决于预应力筋布置位置;当仅布置在腹板内时,剪力滞效应不受腹板高度影响。

基于索力和振动特性监测的多跨空间异型刚梁柔拱组合桥梁安全韧性分析

对多跨空间异型刚梁柔拱组合体系无推力拱桥进行有限元建模分析,基于振动法对吊杆索力进行检测,通过理论索力与实测索力的对比,分析该类复杂结构桥梁索力的受力规律。同时,基于历年桥梁索力检测结果,研究索力随外部荷载改变时的变化特征,对桥梁索力在长期运营状态下的健康状态进行安全韧性分析。通过测试桥梁的自振特性,分析桥梁结构整体性能,为评价桥梁工作状况提供依据。