Rate-compatible spatially coupled repeat-accumulate codes via successive extension

A rate-compatible spatially coupled repeat-accumulate (RC-SC-RA) code is proposed. Its protograph is obtained by extending a given (J, K, L) SC-RA coupled chain (denoted as the mother chain) with extra check nodes and parity bit nodes T times. At each time, the extension is realized via coupling the message bits in the same way as that in the mother chain. Rate-compatibility is achieved by adjusting the extension parameters and applying random puncturing technique. Density evolution analysis shows that the iterative decoding thresholds of all the member codes in the proposed RC-SC-RA code family are very close to Shannon limits over the binary erasure channel. Finite length simulation results are consistent with the thresholds well. Moreover, the proposed RC-SC-RA codes perform better than spatially coupled low density parity check (SC-LDPC) codes in decoding performance especially in lower-rate region.

Improved Super-Orthogonal Trellis-Coded Spatial Modulation Using STBC-CSM

Trellis coded modulation (TCM) is a scheme that enhances the error performance without extra power not bandwidth. This paper presents a modified Super-Orthogonal Trellis-Coded Spatial Modulation (SOTC-SM) based on a cyclic structure of the Space Time Coding. The developed code benefits from expanded codebook of the Space Time Block Coded Spatial Modulation (STBC-SM) to enhance the coding gain. The set-partitioning and the code design based on the expanded codebook was given for codes with rate of 2 and 3 bps and can be easily extended to higher rates. The Bit-Error Rate (BER) performance of the proposed scheme was evaluated via computer simulation. It was shown that the proposed scheme outperforms the SOTC-SM performance for the same number of transmit antennas.

Enhancement of Error-Correction Coding of Spatial Watermarks in Gray Code

This paper demonstrates how channel coding can improve the robustness of spatial image watermarks against signal distortion caused by lossy data compression such as the JPEG scheme by taking advantage of the properties of Gray code. Two error-correction coding (ECC) schemes are used here: One scheme, referred to as the vertical ECC (VECC), is to encode information bits in a pixel by error-correction coding where the Gray code is used to improve the performance. The other scheme, referred to as the horizontal ECC (HECC), is to encode information bits in an image plane. In watermarking, HECC generates a codeword representing watermark bits, and each bit of the codeword is encoded by VECC. Simple single-error-correcting block codes are used in VECC and HECC. Several experiments of these schemes were conducted on test images. The result demonstrates that the error-correcting performance of HECC just depends on that of VECC, and accordingly, HECC enhances the capability of VECC. Consequently, HECC with appropriate codes can achieve stronger robustness to JPEG—caused distortions than non-channel-coding watermarking schemes.

Spatial Image Watermarking by Error-Correction Coding in Gray Codes

In this paper, error-correction coding (ECC) in Gray codes is considered and its performance in the protecting of spatial image watermarks against lossy data compression is demonstrated. For this purpose, the differences between bit patterns of two Gray codewords are analyzed in detail. On the basis of the properties, a method for encoding watermark bits in the Gray codewords that represent signal levels by a single-error-correcting (SEC) code is developed, which is referred to as the Gray-ECC method in this paper. The two codewords of the SEC code corresponding to respective watermark bits are determined so as to minimize the expected amount of distortion caused by the watermark embedding. The stochastic analyses show that an error-correcting capacity of the Gray-ECC method is superior to that of the ECC in natural binary codes for changes in signal codewords. Experiments of the Gray-ECC method were conducted on 8-bit monochrome images to evaluate both the features of watermarked images and the performance of robustness for image distortion resulting from the JPEG DCT-baseline coding scheme. The results demonstrate that, compared with a conventional averaging-based method, the Gray-ECC method yields watermarked images with less amount of signal distortion and also makes the watermark comparably robust for lossy data compression.

基于Raptor编码的多输入多输出光通信系统设计

为了提高可见光通信(Visible Light Communication,VLC)系统的复用增益,本文提出一种基于多输入多输出(Multiple Input Multiple Output,MIMO)的固定比例像素化VLC系统。系统首先执行空间角度映射,使数据的传送可在角域中进行;同时利用Raptor编码方法来跟踪由于窗口截断而引起的数据信道特性变化;然后对于使用高速相机捕捉到的一系列时变图像,利用散景效应获得所有链路距离上的固定比例图像。实验利用液晶显示器和高速相机,对所提出的VLC系统进行了验证。与传统的像素化MIMO系统相比,本文所提出的系统在未对准朝向的情境下具有更高的鲁棒性,从而在多路复用场景有着广泛的应用前景。

多接收子阵下特征波束的角度空间调制方法

基于波束赋形的波束切换空间调制算法,不仅可以提高频谱效率,还可以利用天线阵列增益提高能量效率。该文利用信道响应构造统计平均的协方差矩阵,构造正交特征向量作为阵列的加权矢量,形成相互独立的多个等效传输信道,利用波束赋形增益和分集增益提高无线通信的传输可靠性和传输能力。进一步采用天线子阵分组方法,克服信道相关性带来的不利影响。性能分析和仿真结果表明,特征波束角度空间调制方案可获得更多的波束组合数目,会明显改善译码性能和频谱效率。

基于增强嵌入特征超图学习的恶意域名检测方法

攻击者利用域名灵活地实施各类网络攻击,诸多学者针对性地提出了一些基于统计特征和基于关联关系的恶意域名检测方法,但这2类方法在域名属性高阶关系表示方面存在不足,无法准确呈现域间全局高阶关系.针对这类问题,提出一种基于嵌入式特征超图学习的恶意域名检测方法:首先基于域名空间统计特征利用决策树构建域名超图结构,利用决策树倒数第2层节点的输出结果作为先验条件形成超边,快速将域名流量之间的多阶关联关系清晰地表示出来;其次基于超图结构特征对字符嵌入特征进行增强编码,基于域名空间统计特征和域名字符嵌入编码特征从域名数据中挖掘出字符间隐藏的高阶关系;最后结合中国科技网真实的域名系统(domain name system,DNS)流量,对有效性和可行性进行了分析与评估,能够快速高效地检测隐蔽的恶意域名.

空间耦合低密度奇偶校验码残差滑窗译码算法

针对空间耦合低密度奇偶校验(SC-LDPC)码滑窗译码(SWD)算法中错误传播导致的高误码率问题,该文提出基于动态残差的滑窗译码(RSWD)算法。通过在窗口内计算边信息更新前后的残差值,动态选择可靠度最低(残差值最大)的边信息优先更新,降低边信息无效更新的频率,提高窗内译码收敛速度。仿真结果表明:相比于传统SWD算法,RSWD算法在窗口中各位置的误比特数明显降低,抑制错误传播效果明显;在高信噪比(SNR)区域或者低迭代次数的情况下,RSWD算法的误码率性能优于SWD算法;此外,将动态残差应用到消息复用(MR)和窗口扩展(WE)两种窗译码算法中,亦能得到类似结论,提升窗译码性能。

半双工译码转发中继信道下的空间耦合RA码设计

针对半双工译码转发中继信道,提出了一种可逼近三节点中继信道容量限的空间耦合RA码的设计方法。针对二进制删除信道,源节点分别向中继节点和目的节点发送空间耦合RA码,中继节点先正确恢复出源节点发送的空间耦合RA,然后再次编码产生额外的校验比特并转发给目的节点;目的节点结合中继节点发送的额外校验比特和源节点发送的空间耦合RA码进行译码,正确恢复出源节点的信息。为了评估所设计的空间耦合RA码在三节点中继信道下的渐近性能,推导了密度进化算法用于计算阈值。阈值分析结果表明,所提出的空间耦合RA码能够同时逼近源到中继链路和源到目的链路的容量限。同时,基于半双工二进制删除中继信道,仿真了所设计的空间耦合RA码的误码性能,结果表明,其误码性能与所推导的密度进化算法计算的阈值结果一致,呈现出逼近于容量限的优异性能,且优于采用空间耦合低密度奇偶校验(Low Density Parity Check,LDPC)码的性能。

空间耦合量子LDPC码的双窗口滑动译码

量子纠错码是应对量子计算过程中不可避免的噪声干扰的关键途径。和其经典情形一样,空间耦合量子LDPC码理论上也可在纠错性能和译码时延间取得良好的均衡。考虑到目前采用常规置信传播算法(BPA)的空间耦合量子LDPC(SC-QLDPC)码在译码过程中仍存在复杂度高和译码时延长的问题,受经典滑窗译码算法的启发,并结合和利用SC-QLDPC码所对应的两个奇偶校验矩阵在主对角线和副对角线上具有非零对角带的结构特点,提出了针对量子SC-QLDPC码的滑窗译码算法(称为量子双窗口滑动译码算法)。在该策略中,通过窗口在两个经典校验矩阵主副对角线上的同时滑动,保证了相应量子比特部分译码所需的相位与比特翻转错误图样信息的提取,从而使其在译码性能和时延之间取得良好均衡。对所提量子双窗口滑动译码算法进行仿真验证,结果表明其不仅能提供灵活的低时延译码输出,并且当窗口扩大时,其译码性能逼近标准的量子置信传播算法,显著提升了SC-QLDPC码的应用范围。

基于多通道时空编码器的交通流量预测模型

传统的交通流量预测模型对历史数据进行时空建模,忽略了交通数据的时间周期性内部潜在关系和交通路网间节点的距离特征和相似性空间特征。据此,提出面向交通流量预测的多通道时空编码器模型MC-STGNN,用于提高交通流量预测的准确率。首先将交通数据处理成三通道的周期性时间序列,并对整体的序列数据进行时间位置编码和自适应的空间位置编码,提取路网节点间的动态相关性;其次引入具有卷积结构的多头自我注意力机制,更大程度地捕获周期数据不同程度的时间相关性;最后提出一种图生成器生成新的时空图,提取路网节点间的相似性和距离特征,并利用门控图卷积网络整合原始图和新时空图的空间信息。在高速公路数据集PEMS03和PEMS08上进行一小时的交通流量综合预测实验,结果表明,MC-STGNN模型与其他的基线模型相比,具有更佳的性能指标,说明MC-STGNN模型具有更优的建模能力。

基于大型工控网络的恶意代码检测技术研究

目前,针对工业控制系统(ICS)网络安全的途径主要是基于防火墙、数据二极管和其他入侵防御方法,这可能不足以应对那些日益增长的、来自积极攻击者的网络威胁。为了提高ICS的网络安全性,提出一种基于行为特征分析的恶意代码检测方法,该方法综合利用网络流量数据、主机系统数据以及测量的过程参数,实现对恶意代码的精准检测。详细分析ICS的业务特征以及网络拓扑,剖析针对ICS的网络攻击技术。所提方法通过对ICS的原始日志信息以及流量信息进行提取,利用基于空间分析和时间分析相互融合的恶意代码检测方法对ICS行为数据进行异常检测。实践表明,所提方法可以有效发现隐藏在网络中的恶意代码攻击行为。

无线通信工程中的 MIMO 系统应用与性能分析

文章深入分析多输入多输出(Multiple InputMultiple Output,MIMO)系统在无线通信工程中的应用及其性能,重点探讨其关键技术和应用场景。MIMO系统通过空间复用和阵列增益提升通信系统的容量和可靠性,尤其在空间复用方面,通过向量偏转传输技术实现在同一时频资源上传输多个独立数据流,从而大幅提高频谱效率。此外,文章讨论了信道编码与交织技术在提高MIMO系统可靠性和抗衰落能力上的重要作用,分析了基于最小均方误差(Minimum Mean Square Error,MMSE)算法的信道估计与均衡技术在保证系统性能上的关键应用。仿真结果显示,MIMO系统在信噪比较高时实现了显著的吞吐量提升,验证了其在无线通信领域的优越性。

空间索引技术及其GIS应用综述

空间索引技术可提供高效的空间数据组织与管理方式,以支撑海量空间数据的挖掘与分析。针对当前空间索引存在的知识体系不明晰、选择难等问题,该文通过文献调查法和CiteSpace工具,依据空间划分及映射方法将空间索引划分为基于树结构、格网、空间填充曲线和地址编码的空间索引四大类,并综述其原理、空间结构、适用范围及在GIS领域的应用,最后对空间索引在数据组织、高效计算、可视化、可靠性等方面的研究进行展望。结论如下:基于树结构的空间索引最具普适性且可以处理多维度及多层次的数据,查询性能依赖于树结构的平衡性及数据的分布;基于格网的空间索引可以均匀划分空间以便于高效范围查询,却不适用于非结构化或动态数据集;基于空间填充曲线的空间索引可以在实现维度压缩的同时保持局部邻近性,但插入或删除数据可能导致整个曲线的重构难以频繁更新;基于地址编码的空间索引将语义地址信息转化为编码信息,便于高效检索,然而语义地址匹配仍存在较大误差和不确定性。研究结果可为空间数据组织和结构设计提供参考。

基于编码成像的激光能量调控方法研究

为了有效提升光电成像系统焦平面探测器在外界存在激光干扰条件下的环境适应性,同时不显著降低原成像系统成像性能,提出了一种基于编码成像的激光能量调控方法,构建了一套以液晶空间光调制器为核心器件的编码成像实验系统并对该系统的成像性能进行了测试,设计了一套基于编码成像的激光能量调控实验验证系统并开展了多参数条件下编码成像抗激光干扰实验研究。实验结果表明,基于编码成像的激光能量调控方法可在不显著降低成像质量前提下有效提升焦平面探测器的抗激光干扰性能。

使用Code-Aster软件对桥梁进行空间分析

空间结构分析在当今的桥梁结构计算中已经成为一种趋势,Code-Aster就是一款十分出色的结构分析软件。文中使用Code-Aste对桥梁进行空间分析计算,利用它内置的专业模块对桥梁上部结构的自重及预应力钢束张拉所引起的位移进行求解,并充分考虑了预应力损失和预应力钢束的张拉所引起的结构体系转换的问题。

Visuospatial properties of caudal area 7b in Macaca fascicularis

To proceed from sensation to movement, integration and transformation of information from different senses and reference frames are required. Several brain areas are involved in this transformation process, but previous neuroanatomical and neurophysiological studies have implicated the caudal area 7b as one particular component of this transformation system. In this study, we present the first quantitative report on the spatial coding properties of caudal area 7b. The results showed that neurons in this area had intermediate component characteristics in the transformation system; the area contained bimodal neurons, and neurons in this area encode spatial information using a hybrid reference frame. These results provide evidence that caudal area 7b may belong to the reference frame transformation system, thus contributing to our general understanding of the transformation system.

Visuospatial properties of caudal area 7b in Macaca fascicularis

To proceed from sensation to movement,integration and transformation of information from different senses and reference frames are required.Several brain areas are involved in this transformation process,but previous neuroanatomical and neurophysiological studies have implicated the caudal area 7b as one particular component of this transformation system.In this study,we present the first quantitative report on the spatial coding properties of caudal area 7b.The results showed that neurons in this area had intermediate component characteristics in the transformation system;the area contained bimodal neurons,and neurons in this area encode spatial information using a hybrid reference frame.These results provide evidence that caudal area 7b may belong to the reference frame transformation system,thus contributing to our general understanding of the transformation system.

Multiuser Pre-Coding Aided Quadrature Spatial Modulation for Large-Scale MIMO Channels

Pre-coding aided quadrature spatial modulation(PQSM) is a promising multiple input multiple output(MIMO) transmission technology. The multiuser(MU) detection in PQSM system is investigated in this paper. Based on the known channel state information, pre-coding matrix is designed to pre-process the in-phase and quadrature signals of quadrature spatial modulation(QSM) to reduce the inter-channel interference. In order to lower the complexity at the receiver brought by the orthogonality of the PQSM system, an orthogonal matching pursuit(OMP) detection algorithm and a reconstructed model are proposed. The analysis and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can obtain a similar bit error rate(BER) performance as the maximum likelihood(ML) detection algorithm with more than 80% reduction of complexity.

An Assessment of Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Thunder Storms in Iran

The main purpose of this study is to investigate temporal and spatial distribution of thunderstorm frequency in Iran. In order to do study, observed statistical data of the present weather codes of thunderstorm (17, 29, 91 - 99) in 50 synoptic stations around the country were used in a 35 years statistic period (1979-2013). The results of the study showed that the phenomenon occurs mostly in southwest, west and northwest regions of Iran. Thunderstorm occurrence reduces when moving toward east. Maku station in northwest of Iran shows the maximum thunderstorm frequency during the statistical period (mean annual of 31). Jask station in southern Iran (mean annual of 2) has shown minimum thunderstorm occurrence during the statistical period. In the eastern regions of Iran, Torbat Heydarieh station revealed higher frequency than the other stations which was because of high mountains like Qaenat. In terms of temporal distribution, spring showed the highest frequency of the phenomenon. In monthly scale, the maximum frequency of hail downfall happens in April and May. In hourly scale, the maximum occurrence of thunderstorm observed at 12 - 18 p.m. for UTC time.