Three Types of Spatial Function Zoning in Key Ecological Function Areas Based on Ecological and Economic Coordinated Development: A Case Study of Tacheng Basin, China

Three types of spatial function zoning is an effective measure for regional environmental protection and orderly development.For ecological and economic coordinated development, spatial function zones should be divided scientifically to clear its direction of development and protection. Therefore, based on ecological constraints, a beneficial discussion would be about the key ecological function areas adopting the concept of ecological protection restriction and supporting socioeconomic development for spatial function zoning. In this paper, the researchers, taking Tacheng Basin, Xinjiang of China as an example, choose township as basic research unit and set up an evaluation index system from three aspects, namely, ecological protection suitability, agricultural production suitability, and urban development suitability, which are analyzed by using spatial analysis functions and exclusive matrix method. The results showed that: 1) This paper formed a set of multilevel evaluation index systems for three types of spatial function zoning of the key ecological function areas based on a novel perspective by scientifically dividing Tacheng Basin into ecological space, agricultural space, and urban space,which realized the integration and scientific orientation for spatial function at the township scale. 2) Under the guidance of three types of spatial pattern, the functional orientation and suggestions of development and protection was clearly defined for ecological protection zones,ecological economic zones, agricultural production zones, and urban development zones. 3) A new idea of space governance is provided to promote the coordinated and sustainable development between ecology and economy, which can break the traditional mode of thinking about regional economic development, and offers a scientific basis and reference for macro decision-making.

Spatial Function Regionalization Based on an Ecological-economic Analysis in Wuxi City, China

As a result of rapid urbanization in China, urban sprawl has increased rapidly, and land-use regulation and smart urban growth are equally important. Spatial function regionalization can provide the scientific groundwork for the regulation of land use and protection. This paper probes the system of evaluation indices and applies the methods of spatial analysis and classification clustering to the calculation of the ecologically significant value and economically significant value in each evaluation unit. After use of a classification matrix integrated by the two significant values, city space can be divided into four functional types, namely, feasible development area, moderate development area, moderate conservation area and prohibited exploiting area, and these are the basis for spatial development and control.

A Cautionary Note on the Application of GIS in Spatial Optimization Modeling

Spatial optimization as part of spatial modeling has been facilitated significantly by integration with GIS techniques. However, for certain research topics, applying standard GIS techniques may create problems which require attention. This paper serves as a cautionary note to demonstrate two problems associated with applying GIS in spatial optimization, using a capacitated p-median facility location optimization problem as an example. The first problem involves errors in interpolating spatial variations of travel costs from using kriging, a common set of techniques for raster files. The second problem is inaccuracy in routing performed on a graph directly created from polyline shapefiles, a common vector file type. While revealing these problems, the paper also suggests remedies. Specifically, interpolation errors can be eliminated by using agent-based spatial modeling while the inaccuracy in routing can be improved through altering the graph topology by splitting the long edges of the shapefile. These issues suggest the need for caution in applying GIS in spatial optimization study.

Effect of tetramethylpyrazine on the spatial learning and memory function of rats after focal cerebral ischemia

BACKGROUND： Tetramethylpyrazine （TMP） presents the effect of anti-platelet aggregation, reduces arteria resistance, increases cerebral blood flow, and improves microcirculation. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of TMP on the learning and memory abilities and the number of neurons in cortex and hippocampus after focal cerebral ischemia in rats DESIGN： A randomized controlled tria SETTING： Department of Human Anatomy and Histological Embryology, School of Medicine, Xi＇an Jiaotong University. MATERIALS： Fifty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250-300 g were supplied by the Experimental Animal Center, School of Medicine, Xi＇an Jiaotong University. TMP was purchased from Wuxi Seventh Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd （Lot Number： 2004051106, Specification： 2 mL/piece）. METHODS ： The experiments were carried out in School of Medicine of Xi＇an Jiaotong University from June 2004 to May 2005. The 50 rats were randomly divided into five groups according to the random number table method： sham-operated group, cerebral ischemia control group, low-dose TMP group, middle-dose TMP group and high-dose TMP group, 10 rats in each group. Rats in the TMP groups were immediately treated with intraperitoneal injection of TMP of 40, 80 and 120 mg/kg respectively, and those in the sham-operated group and cerebral ischemia control group were injected intraperitoneally by isovolume saline, once a day for 14 days successively. On the 15^th day, the spatial learning and memory abilities of the rats were assessed with the Morris water maze test, and then the changes of neuron numbers in cortex and hippocampus were observed by Nissl staining of brain sections. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES ： The results of Morris water maze test and the changes of neuron numbers in cortex and hippocampus by Nissl staining of brain sections were observed. RESULTS： Finally 39 rats were involved in the analysis of results, and the other 11 died of excessive anesthesia or failure in model establishment. ① The rats in the cerebral ischemia control group manifested obvious spatial cognitive deficits in the place navigation trial and spatial probe trial. The mean values of escape latency in the sham-operated group, low, middle and high-dose TMP groups were obviously shorter than that in the cerebral ischemia control group [（23.92±2.21）, （41.84±3.74）, （39.50 ±3.80）, （31.38_±3.72）, （61.60±3.61） s, P 〈 0.05-0.01]. In the spatial probe trial, significant differences in the percentage of time spending in the former platform quadrant and frequency of crossing the former platform site in the sham-operated group, lose, middle and high-dose TMP groups were obviously higher or more than those in the cerebral ischemia control group [（36.27±3.42） %, （35.84±2.54）%, （38.43±3.08）%, （36.51±1.96）%, （22.24±3.46）%; （11 ±1 ）, （10±1）, （8_±1）, （8±1）, （4±1） times, P 〈 0.01]. ② In the morphological observation, the numbers of neurons in ipsilateral （left） parietal cortex in the sham-operated group, low, middle and high-dose TMP groups were obviously more than that in the cerebral ischemia control group [（98±8）, （65±5）, （53±6）, （57±6）, （37±6）/0.625 mm^2, P 〈 0.01], but the number of neurons in left hippocampus had no obvious differences among the groups （P 〉 0.05）. CONCLUSION ： TMP can improve obviously the spatial learning and memory function after permanent focal cerebral ischemia in rats, and the neuroprotective role of the drug in cortex may be involved in its mechanism.

Major Function Oriented Zone: New Method of Spatial Regulation for Reshaping Regional Development Pattern in China

Newest planning methods implemented by Chinese government are promoting a coordinated regional development and shaping an orderly spatial structure by applying the regulation of territorial function. This article analyzes the problems of spatial planning and regional strategy caused by the wrongly-set primary goal of economic development; it states that the three-fold objective of competitiveness, sustainability, and welfare fairness shall be the principal for China to implement the spatial regulation in the new era; it discusses about theoretical thoughts and technology framework of conducting the ′Major Function Oriented Zone′ based on their different major functions that each region plays in urbanization and industrialization, ecological constructions, grain productions, and protection of natural and cultural heritages; it introduces the new concept of ′Major Function Oriented Zone′ that include the major functions category, the stereo regional equilibrium mode, the two-level zoning specification, and the territorial development intensity; it offers a zoning scheme that defines development-optimized and development-prioritized zones as regions with massive urbanization and industrialization, development-restricted zones as ecological constructing or grain producing regions, development-prohibited zones as natural and cultural heritage protecting regions; and finally it addresses the main obstacle for implementing ′Major Function Oriented Zone′, which is the institutional arrangement of the supreme goal of high GDP growth rate that is currently being implemented.

Temporal and spatial distribution of phytoplankton functional groups and role of environment factors in a deep subtropical reservoir

Phytoplankton and environment factors were investigated in 2015 and phytoplankton functional groups were used to understand their temporal and spatial distribution and their driving factors in Wanfeng Reservoir. Seventeen functional groups(B, D, E, F, G, J, Lo, MP, P, S1, T, W1, W2, X1, X2, Xph, Y) were identified based on 34 species. The dominant groups were: J/B/P/D in dry season, X1/J/Xph/G/T in normal season and J in flood season. Phytoplankton abundance ranged from 5.33×10~4 cells/L to 3.65×10~7 cells/L, with the highest value occurring in flood season and lowest in dry season. The vertical profi le of dominant groups showed little differentiation except for P, which dominated surface layers over 20 m as a result of mixing water masses and higher transparency during dry season. However, the surface waters presented higher values of phytoplankton abundance than other layers, possibly because of greater irradiance. The significant explaining variables and their ability to describe the spatial distribution of the phytoplankton community in RDA diff ered seasonally as follows: dry season, NH4-N, NO_3-N, NO_2-N, TN:TP ratio and transparency(SD); normal season, temperature(WT), water depth, TN, NH4-N and NO_3-N; flood season, WT, water depth, NO_3-N and NO_2-N. Furthermore, nitrogen, water temperature, SD and water depth were significant variables explaining the variance of phytoplankton communities when datasets included all samples. The results indicated that water physical conditions and hydrology were important in phytoplankton community dynamics, and nitrogen was more important than phosphorus in modifying phytoplankton communities. Seasonal differences in the relationship between the environment and phytoplankton community should be considered in water quality management.

Numerical modeling calculation for the spatial distribution characteristics of horizontal field transfer functions

Applying 3-dimension finite difference method, the distribution characteristics of horizontal field transfer functions for rectangular conductor have been computed, and the law of distribution for Re-part and Im-part has been given. The influences of source field period, the conductivity, the buried depth and the length of the conductor on the transfer functions were studied. The extrema of transfer functions appear at the center, the four corners and around the edges of conductor, and move with the edges. This feature demonstrates that around the edges are best places for transfer functions' observation.

Aging effects of regional activation in a spatial task A functional magnetic resonance imaging study

BACKGROUND： An increasing number of studies have shown the effects of aging in basic cognitive processing and higher cognitive functions using functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI）. However, little is known about the aging effects in diverse cognitive abilities, such as spatial learning and reasoning. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effect of aging on spatial cognitive performance and regional brain activation based on fMRI. DESIGN, TIME, AND SETTING： A block design for fMRI observation. This study was performed at the fMRI Laboratory, Brain Science Research Center, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology from March 2006 to May 2009. PARTICIPANTS： Eight right-handed, male, college students in their 20s （mean age 21.5 years） and six right-handed, male, adults in their 40s （mean age 45.7 years）, who graduated from college, participated in the study. All subjects were healthy and had no prior history of psychiatric or neurological disorders. METHODS： A spatial task was presented while brain images were acquired using a 3T fMRI system （ISOL Technology, Korea）. The spatial tasks involved selecting a shape that corresponded to a given figure using four examples, as well as selecting a development figure of a diagram. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： The accuracy rate （number of correct answers/total number of items x 100%） of spatial tasks was calculated. Using the subtraction procedure, the activated areas in the brain during spatial tasks were color-coded by T-score. The double subtraction method was used to analyze the effect of aging between the two age groups （20s versus 40s）. RESULTS： The cerebellum, occipital lobe, parietal lobe, and frontal lobe were similarly activated in the two age groups. Increased brain activations, however, were observed in bilateral parietal and superior frontal lobes of the younger group. More activation was observed in bilateral middle frontal and right inferior frontal lobes in the older group. Compared with the older group, the younger men exhibited greater spatial performance （P = 0.012）. CONCLUSION： Reduced cognitive function correlated with decreased activation areas in the parietal lobe and altered activation in the frontal lobe.

Study on Temporal-spatial Distribution of Heavy Rain and Rainstorm in Different Functional Areas of Chongqing

To discuss response ability of five functional areas to rainstorm flood in Chongqing,by taking 8 districts（ counties） as research object,monthly occurrence times of heavy rain and rainstorm in different functional areas over the years and appearance month of the maximum rainfall were conducted statistics. Results showed that frequency distribution of heavy rain in whole year in different functional areas was different,but it was similar in the same functional zone. Temporal-spatial distribution of rainstorm was more independent,and there were different performances in various districts of each functional area. In urban functional core area and urban functional expansion area,rainstorm times was more,and the maximum precipitation was larger. In urban development new district,rainstorm times and the maximum precipitation were relatively smaller in whole Chongqing. In ecological conservation development area of northeast Chongqing,rainstorm duration was longer,and we needed prevention and control during June- September. In ecological protection area of southeast Chongqing,although rainstorm occurrence times was the most in Chongqing,the heavy rainstorm was less.

国土空间规划下海岸带的功能定位及空间响应——以上海海岸带为例

海岸带规划作为国土空间规划体系中的唯一涉海规划,不仅要对海岸带地区进行陆海统筹综合管控,而且要对海岸带地区的发展进行战略功能引导,以适应海洋强国建设的蓝色发展要求。文章分析新一轮国土空间规划对海岸带规划的新要求,提出海岸带规划进行功能定位和空间响应的规划策略和方法;结合上海海岸带发展实际,从多维战略对接、区域功能耦合、未来发展趋势应对3个方面谋划海岸带功能定位,提出海岸带“三心二市”的功能内涵;在此基础上提出海岸带空间响应策略,主要包括对接国土空间分层逻辑、海洋功能区划和岸线区段功能耦合、开放式分圈层分区划分、落实核心功能诉求。

N-丁基吡啶四氟硼酸盐/水二元体系的分子动力学模拟研究

利用分子动力学模拟方法研究了离子液体N-丁基吡啶四氟硼酸盐([BPy]BF4)与Tip4p模型水分子的二元体系的微观结构.比较了各组分间的径向分布函数,结果表明随着离子液体比例的增加,水与阴离子、水与阳离子头部吡啶环、阳离子头部与阴离子上相关原子间的径向分布函数峰值都呈现递增的趋势,而阳离子上丁基链末端碳原子间的径向分布函数没有明显变化;空间分布函数则直观地反映出阴离子主要分布在阳离子的吡啶环周围,水分子在阴离子周围近似呈均等分布,且几率随离子液体比例增大而增加;另外还探讨了不同离子液体比例下的二元体系中氢键的数目和寿命,结果均呈现一定规律的变化.

一种基于模糊融合规则的CFAR检测器

针对单元平均恒虚警检测器(CA-CFAR)在多目标干扰和杂波边缘效应下的性能局限,提出了基于子参考窗口中最小选择单元的恒定虚警检测器(MCA-CFAR)。通过选择子参考单元中的最小单元格,显著提升了检测器的性能,并在瑞利分布背景下详细推导了检测概率、虚警率和检测阈值。为进一步优化性能,设计了模糊逻辑融合检测器(FUMCA-CFAR),它利用两个传感器计算空间隶属函数值,并通过代数和、代数积、MAX、MIN四种规则进行融合,实现了平滑输出,减少了目标信息的丢失。仿真实验表明,基于代数和融合的FUMCA-CFAR检测器在均匀和非均匀背景下均展现出优异的检测性能和抗干扰能力。

HALF-SPACE GREENS'S FUNCTION DUE TO A SPATIALLY HARMONIC LINE LOAD AND SCATTERED FIELDS IN THE FAR FIELD REGION

Half-space Green's function due to a spatially harmonic line load has been expressed as a sum of the full-space Green's functions and a 2-D integral representation of the reflected waves by the free surface of the half-space.By using the obtained half-space Green's function,an integral rep- resentation of the scattered waves by a cylindrical obstacle is then derived.Finally,by analyzing the far-zone behavior of the integrands of the integral representation.the far-field pattern of the scattered waves in a half-space obtained.

基于自然资源综合调查的城市环境品质分析

随着自然资源调查监测体系建设不断的推进,土地、森林、草原、湿地、海域海岛等调查数据逐步衔接融合,自然资源“一套底数”呼之欲出。如何利用数据开展综合应用分析,充分发挥调查监测数据的优势和价值,为自然资源管理工作提供科学依据,已成为目前亟待解决的问题。本文基于研究区域调查数据成果,利用统计分析、空间分析等方法进行数据分类、分项统计,从国土空间规划和监督实施的角度,进行街道活力综合分析、社区生活圈可步性测度分析、社区生活圈分析和碳汇能力分析,为国土空间功能优化和品质提升提供有效的数据支撑。

汉语高功能自闭症儿童词汇语义加工中的空间象似效应——兼与图片知觉加工的比较

研究考察了5~7岁汉语高功能自闭症儿童词汇语义加工中空间经验的激活情况。实验选取了隐含典型方位特征的物体,要求儿童将写有物体名称的词卡和画有物体图形的图卡放置在垂直空间的上方或下方。结果显示,在摆放词卡时,正常发展儿童表现出空间象似效应,倾向于将词卡放在与隐含方位信息一致的位置,而高功能自闭症儿童则随机放置词卡;在摆放图卡时,虽然两组儿童的表现均好于摆放词卡,但是高功能自闭症儿童表现出的空间象似效应仍差于正常发展儿童。研究结果表明高功能自闭症儿童在符号加工和知觉加工中利用空间经验的能力均存在缺陷。

日常的温暖:“为人”的公共空间

后疫情时代背景下,我国城市建设中尤其需要重视“以人为本”的规划设计,实现环境品质的精细化提升。文章针对快速建设中城市公共空间的规划设计重宏大叙事、轻日常使用的现象,通过问题和症结解析,强调公共空间营造需顺应时代发展下的新需求新动向,突出“为人”的初心,成就“日常温暖”的公共场所,并提出了“径、空、用、场”四项关键原则,即“步行力可及、空间好体验、日常多功用、场所有归属”。

复杂战场环境下改进YOLOv5军事目标识别算法研究

复杂战场环境下军事目标识别技术是提升战场情报获取能力的基础和关键。针对当前军事目标识别技术在复杂战场环境下漏检误检率高、实时性差等问题,提出一种基于改进YOLOv5模型的PB-YOLO军事目标识别算法。将改进的目标识别算法对于陆战场军事单元的识别锚框进行重新聚类,以提升模型对于目标大小适应度,加速模型收敛;采用通道-空间并行注意力机制,增加模型对复杂战场环境下目标特征信息与位置信息关注度;在特征融合网络部分使用BiFPN以提升模型对于特征的融合能力与速度;采用Alpha_IoU损失函数加速模型收敛,解决当真实框与预测框重合时IoU计算退化问题。实验结果表明,在自建军事目标数据集下,改进算法与主流目标识别算法相比,在保证模型空间复杂度的同时,mAP值达到了90.17%。消融实验对比结果表明,改进后网络较原模型精度提升11.57%,具有较好的识别性能,能够为战场情报获取提供有效的技术支撑。

都市圈“三生”功能空间关联网络特征与形成机制分析——以杭州都市圈为例

研究目的:以杭州都市圈为例,探究都市圈国土空间“三生”功能空间关联网络特征及其形成机制,为促进区域国土空间功能协同提升、完善国土空间开发保护策略提供参考依据。研究方法:综合评价法、社会网络分析法、QAP回归模型。研究结果:(1)2000—2020年杭州都市圈生产功能呈现先升后降的态势,生活功能快速提升,生态功能稳中有降;生产和生态功能的空间分异特征显著,生活功能表现出日益均衡的空间分布特征。(2)研究期内,杭州都市圈生活功能网络密度持续提升,生产功能网络密度先升后降,生态功能网络密度保持稳定,在空间上形成了以杭州和绍兴主城区为核心节点的复杂、稳定的网络结构形态。(3)地理空间邻近性对“三生”功能空间关联网络的形成均产生正向影响,耕地和林地资源禀赋差异、经济发展水平差距、产业结构差异、固定资产投资差异等因素在不同程度上对“三生”功能空间关联网络的形成产生显著影响。研究结论:应以网络化思维促进都市圈“三生”功能协同提升,依托一体化建设统筹资源优化配置,并通过因地制宜、优势互补促进区域空间协调发展。

优化国土空间发展格局视域下推进城市群一体化发展的空间逻辑

城市群是推动新型城镇化的主体形态和促进发展要素合理流动的空间载体,在支撑国民经济社会发展和提升国际竞争力方面发挥关键作用。优化国土空间发展格局蕴含引导要素优化配置的目标指向、提升空间结构韧性的实质内容、加快构建新发展格局的时代背景,为考察城市群一体化发展的空间逻辑提供有益视角。从宏观顶层设计、中观权力运作、微观主体行动来看,优化国土空间发展格局中的城市群一体化发展,涉及空间规划与发展规划协同引领、空间尺度与权力结构的动态适配、核心城市与重要主体的辐射带动。根据优化国土空间发展格局的价值导向与功能预期,新时期健全城市群一体化发展机制应规范完善空间规划程序、优化升级空间治理体系、渐进实现空间正义,逐步形成优势互补、均衡发展的城市群布局与国土空间体系。

城市更新中的空间转化与集体记忆重塑——以佛山岭南天地为例

文章以佛山岭南天地为研究对象,采取历史文本分析、深度访谈、参与式观察等研究方法,分析佛山岭南新天地的空间转化与功能重构,理解城市更新背景下地方集体记忆的变化和重塑。研究发现,城市更新过程中,生活空间转向历史文化空间、历史文化空间与商业空间交融、邻里空间转向公共开放空间是城市空间转化的三种主要形式。空间重构过程推动了地方集体记忆的动态流变,基于日常生活空间的集体记忆延续、非惯常环境下的集体记忆重塑、城市再造过程中新的集体记忆的生成,分别从三个层面反映了原住居民、游客和城市新市民对于城市改造区域的感知和认同。研究将为历史文化街区改造和城市文化营造提供决策依据。