Spatial Measurement on the Evidence of Ionospheric Alfvén Resonator

Using the data of ULF/ELF electric and magnetic wave field measured on board AUREOL-3 satellite, by the high resolution spectral analyses, one obtained for the first time the spatial measurement on the evidence of ionospheric alfvén resonator. The result of the measurement indicates that there are 7. 8 Hz for fundamental frequency, 14 Hz for second resonant frequency in the electric field component, and also the spectral resonance structure, but not in the magnetic vertical component for the magnetic field components.

Novel Method for Spatial Angle Measurement Based on Rotating Planar Laser Beams

Spatial angle measurement, especially the measurement of horizontal and vertical angle, is a basic method used for industrial large-scale coordinate measurement. As main equipments in use, both theodolites and laser trackers can provide very high accuracy for spatial angle measurement. However, their industrial applications are limited by low level of automation and poor parallelism. For the purpose of improving measurement efficiency, a lot of studies have been conducted and several alternative methods have been proposed. Unfortunately, all these means are either low precision or too expensive. In this paper, a novel method of spatial angle measurement based on two rotating planar laser beams is proposed and demonstrated. Photoelectric receivers placed on measured points are used to receive the rotating planner laser signals transmitted by laser transmitters. The scanning time intervals of laser planes were measured, and then measured point＇s horizontal/vertical angles can be calculated. Laser plane＇s angle parameters are utilized to establish the abstract geometric model of transmitter. Calculating formulas of receiver＇s horizontal/vertical angles have been derived. Measurement equations＇ solvability conditions and judgment method of imaginary solutions are also presented after analyzing. Proposed method for spatial angle measurement is experimentally verified through a platform consisting of one laser transmitter and one optical receiver. The transmitters used in new method are only responsible for providing rotating light plane signals carrying angle information. Receivers automatically measure scanning time of laser planes and upload data to the workstation to calculate horizontal angle and vertical angle. Simultaneous measurement of multiple receivers can be realized since there is no human intervention in measurement process .Spatial angle measurement result indicates that the repeatable accuracy of new method is better than 10＂. Proposed method can improve measurement＇s automation degree and speed while ensuring measurement accuracy.

Spatial resolved temperature measurement based on absorption spectroscopy using a single tunable diode laser

A novel method based on wavelength-multiplexed line-of-sight absorption and profile fitting for nonuniform flow field measurement is reported. A wavelength scanning combing laser temperature and current modulation WMS scheme is used to implement the wavelength-multi- plexed-profile fitting method. Second harmonic （2f） signal of eight H20 transitions features near 7,170 cm^-1 are measured in one period using a single tunable diode laser. Spatial resolved temperature distribution upon a CH4/air premixed flat flame burner is obtained. The result validates the feasibility of strategy for non-uniform flow field diagnostics by means of WMS-2f TDLAS.

Shape Similarity Measures of Linear Entities

The essential of feature matching technology lies in how to measure the similarity of spatial entities.Among all the possible similarity measures,the shape similarity measure is one of the most important measures because it is easy to collect the necessary parameters and it is also well matched with the human intuition.In this paper a new shape similarity measure of linear entities based on the differences of direction change along each line is presented and its effectiveness is illustrated.

Industrial Green Spatial Pattern Evolution of Yangtze River Economic Belt in China

We use the directional slacks-based measure of efficiency and inverse distance weighting method to analyze the spatial pattern evolution of the industrial green total factor productivity of 108 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt in 2003–2013.Results show that both the subprime mortgage crisis and ‘the new normal' had significant negative effects on productivity growth,leading to the different spatial patterns between 2003–2008 and 2009–2013.Before 2008,green poles had gathered around some capital cities and formed a tripartite pattern,which was a typical core-periphery pattern.Due to a combination of the polarization and the diffusion effects,capital cities became the growth poles and ‘core' regions,while surrounding areas became the ‘periphery'.This was mainly caused by the innate advantage of capital cities and ‘the rise of central China' strategy.After 2008,the tripartite pattern changed to a multi-poles pattern where green poles continuously and densely spread in the midstream and downstream areas.This is due to the regional difference in the leading effect of green poles.The leading effect of green poles in midstream and downstream areas has changed from polarization to diffusion,while the polarization effect still leads in the upstream area.

Study on a reference optical system applied to the outline loss measurement of complicated three-dimension object

In this paper, laser Doppler reference optical technique is studied, and an optical system with high resolving power which is applied to longitudinal displacement measurement of complicated 3-D object is brought forward. Structure of the measuring optical head is designed reasonably. The experiments prove that the new-type reference optical system can achieve the outline loss measurement of object with the relative error of 0.3%.

Design of differential optical system of in-plane remote displacement measurement

In this paper, an optical system for in-plane remote displacement measurement is brought forward. The remarkable characteristic of this optical system is to use a big aperture lens to focus the waists of two Gauss beams on a scatter which have been expanded and collimated, so good laser Doppler signals and high measurement accuracy are achieved. The experiments prove that the measurement system consisting of this optical system, a lock-in amplifier and a digital filter can be used to measure the in-plane displacement of scatters in distance of 50 m with the relative accuracy of 1%.

Investigation of the heat distribution in dry friction systems during fade and recovery using fiber-optic sensing and infrared technology

The design of dry-running friction pairings and systems determines not only their installation space and costs,but also their reliability under critical load conditions,for example in emergencies,in the case of faults,and in the event of misuse.While knowledge of the contact pattern is highly important for the development of clutches and brakes,the contact-related measurement of the temperature of these systems has not yet been solved in a satisfactory manner.Despite its importance,the temperature distribution has only been measured in a few studies.Typically,temperature measurements of complete clutches and brakes are carried out using thermocouples only.In this study,a new innovative test setup is presented.This setup is able to measure the heat distribution of the lining and the steel disk of a brake with high spatial resolution by means of fiber optic sensing technology and thermography.As a novelty,it enables measurement of the heat distribution and allows to correlate it with the fade and recovery behavior.Contrary to the expectations,the contact pattern is heterogeneous in circumferential direction.Possible causes are discussed using simulation results.Along with surface analysis,the new setup contributes to the investigation of the causes of fade and recovery.