The population dynamics and breeding behaviors of Black-crowned Night Herons （ Nycticorax nycticorax ）, Egrets （Egtetta garzetta）, Chinese Pond Herons （Ardeola bacchus） and Great Egrets （Casmerodius albus） wer...The population dynamics and breeding behaviors of Black-crowned Night Herons （ Nycticorax nycticorax ）, Egrets （Egtetta garzetta）, Chinese Pond Herons （Ardeola bacchus） and Great Egrets （Casmerodius albus） were observed in Tanghai Wetlands, Hebei Province from August 2004 to July 2005. Further, we studied the relationship of nest space distribution and directly calculated the nest density of vertical and horizontal levels, the niche overlapping index and the niche breadth. The results showed that there were two breeding areas, named Area Ⅰ and Area Ⅱ . The maximum population occurred in the period from April to September and was approximately 5800 individuals. Area Ⅰ was occupied earlier than Area Ⅱ by approximately half a month. In the breeding period, Black-crowned Night Herons were dominant in numbers and most occupied the upper nests of the core areas. Great Egrets also took the upper nests but they have the smallest population. Most Egrets took the middle nests of the edges of the area. Chinese Pond Herons, with a smaller population than the Egret, mostly nested in the edges, but some of them also took the lower nests of the core area. On the whole, the vertical niche of Egrets is the widest, the horizontal niche of Black-crowned Night Herons is the widest and the niche breadth of Chinese Pond Herons is the largest. The nest distribution pattern is the most similar between Chinese Pond Herons and Black-crowned Night Herons, and the niche overlapping index of Chinese Pond Herons and Egrets is the largest. Black-crowned Night Herons and Great Egrets control Egrets and Chinese Pond Herons in competition. Rich food and the optimal ecological environments lead to plenty of herons in the wetlands. In addition, it is a distinguishing feature of the four species that nests are built in poplar trees over 22 m tall.展开更多
Ancient fruit trees, grape vines, traditional crop and garden cultivars have been inventoried in Pollino National Park by adopting a spatial sampling grid which covers 23 different municipalities (~1500 Km2) and 190 s...Ancient fruit trees, grape vines, traditional crop and garden cultivars have been inventoried in Pollino National Park by adopting a spatial sampling grid which covers 23 different municipalities (~1500 Km2) and 190 surveyed sites. Each site is a circle with a visible radius of 200 - 250 m. The spatial analysis of the diversity of plant genetic resources has been conducted with pre-fixed landscape units (size: 4 Km × 4 Km). Overall, 49 different woody long cycle (455 ancient cultivars) and 53 short cycle species (102 ancient cultivars) have been scored. Long cycle species exhibit higher cultivar richness than short cycle species. The analysis has recognized that pre-Columbian indigenous cultivars had not been displaced by the American species introduced after the 16th century. In addition, it is confirmed that small-scale poly-production, under conditions of spatial niche variation, is associated to high species and cultivar richness. The mapped realized niche, for both pre- and post-Columbian genetic resources, includes the actual genetic reserve suitable for in situ conservation of plant agro-biodiversity. Agro-biodiversity models, drivers of genetic erosion, and realistic responses to genetic erosion are outlined.展开更多
祁连山是我国西北重要的生态屏障,明确其生态系统服务时空分异及演变机制对区域生态保护修复和可持续发展具有重要意义。本文基于InVEST(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs)与CASA(Carnegie-Ames-Stanford App...祁连山是我国西北重要的生态屏障,明确其生态系统服务时空分异及演变机制对区域生态保护修复和可持续发展具有重要意义。本文基于InVEST(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs)与CASA(Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach)模型对2000—2020年间祁连山地区产水量、碳储存、土壤保持、水质净化、碳固定和生境质量六项生态系统服务进行计算,分析其在不同尺度上的时空变化及分布特征,识别其生态系统服务热点区域。研究发现:2000年以来,祁连山地区六项生态系统服务在区域整体以及不同土地覆盖类型供给量均呈增加趋势,山区是增量的高值区,热点分析中的Ⅲ类和Ⅳ类热点区面积呈增加趋势;在空间上,祁连山地区六项生态系统服务表现为“东高西低”的分异特征,林地与草地单位面积供给量值较高,不同地形梯度生态系统服务供给能力差异较大,多在海拔3100 m以上达到峰值,热点分析中的Ⅴ类热点区主要分布在东部山区。研究成果识别了祁连山地区六项生态系统服务时空分异特征以及探讨了影响其时空变化的自然和人类活动因素,可为祁连山地区制订针对性的生态保护战略以及高质量可持续发展的政策提供依据和建议。展开更多
文摘The population dynamics and breeding behaviors of Black-crowned Night Herons （ Nycticorax nycticorax ）, Egrets （Egtetta garzetta）, Chinese Pond Herons （Ardeola bacchus） and Great Egrets （Casmerodius albus） were observed in Tanghai Wetlands, Hebei Province from August 2004 to July 2005. Further, we studied the relationship of nest space distribution and directly calculated the nest density of vertical and horizontal levels, the niche overlapping index and the niche breadth. The results showed that there were two breeding areas, named Area Ⅰ and Area Ⅱ . The maximum population occurred in the period from April to September and was approximately 5800 individuals. Area Ⅰ was occupied earlier than Area Ⅱ by approximately half a month. In the breeding period, Black-crowned Night Herons were dominant in numbers and most occupied the upper nests of the core areas. Great Egrets also took the upper nests but they have the smallest population. Most Egrets took the middle nests of the edges of the area. Chinese Pond Herons, with a smaller population than the Egret, mostly nested in the edges, but some of them also took the lower nests of the core area. On the whole, the vertical niche of Egrets is the widest, the horizontal niche of Black-crowned Night Herons is the widest and the niche breadth of Chinese Pond Herons is the largest. The nest distribution pattern is the most similar between Chinese Pond Herons and Black-crowned Night Herons, and the niche overlapping index of Chinese Pond Herons and Egrets is the largest. Black-crowned Night Herons and Great Egrets control Egrets and Chinese Pond Herons in competition. Rich food and the optimal ecological environments lead to plenty of herons in the wetlands. In addition, it is a distinguishing feature of the four species that nests are built in poplar trees over 22 m tall.
文摘Ancient fruit trees, grape vines, traditional crop and garden cultivars have been inventoried in Pollino National Park by adopting a spatial sampling grid which covers 23 different municipalities (~1500 Km2) and 190 surveyed sites. Each site is a circle with a visible radius of 200 - 250 m. The spatial analysis of the diversity of plant genetic resources has been conducted with pre-fixed landscape units (size: 4 Km × 4 Km). Overall, 49 different woody long cycle (455 ancient cultivars) and 53 short cycle species (102 ancient cultivars) have been scored. Long cycle species exhibit higher cultivar richness than short cycle species. The analysis has recognized that pre-Columbian indigenous cultivars had not been displaced by the American species introduced after the 16th century. In addition, it is confirmed that small-scale poly-production, under conditions of spatial niche variation, is associated to high species and cultivar richness. The mapped realized niche, for both pre- and post-Columbian genetic resources, includes the actual genetic reserve suitable for in situ conservation of plant agro-biodiversity. Agro-biodiversity models, drivers of genetic erosion, and realistic responses to genetic erosion are outlined.
文摘祁连山是我国西北重要的生态屏障,明确其生态系统服务时空分异及演变机制对区域生态保护修复和可持续发展具有重要意义。本文基于InVEST(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs)与CASA(Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach)模型对2000—2020年间祁连山地区产水量、碳储存、土壤保持、水质净化、碳固定和生境质量六项生态系统服务进行计算,分析其在不同尺度上的时空变化及分布特征,识别其生态系统服务热点区域。研究发现:2000年以来,祁连山地区六项生态系统服务在区域整体以及不同土地覆盖类型供给量均呈增加趋势,山区是增量的高值区,热点分析中的Ⅲ类和Ⅳ类热点区面积呈增加趋势;在空间上,祁连山地区六项生态系统服务表现为“东高西低”的分异特征,林地与草地单位面积供给量值较高,不同地形梯度生态系统服务供给能力差异较大,多在海拔3100 m以上达到峰值,热点分析中的Ⅴ类热点区主要分布在东部山区。研究成果识别了祁连山地区六项生态系统服务时空分异特征以及探讨了影响其时空变化的自然和人类活动因素,可为祁连山地区制订针对性的生态保护战略以及高质量可持续发展的政策提供依据和建议。
