The semantic segmentation of very high spatial resolution remote sensing images is difficult due to the complexity of interpreting the interactions between the objects in the scene. Indeed, effective segmentation requ...The semantic segmentation of very high spatial resolution remote sensing images is difficult due to the complexity of interpreting the interactions between the objects in the scene. Indeed, effective segmentation requires considering spatial local context and long-term dependencies. To address this problem, the proposed approach is inspired by the MAC-UNet network which is an extension of U-Net, densely connected combined with channel attention. The advantages of this solution are as follows: 4) The new model introduces a new attention called propagate attention to build an attention-based encoder. 2) The fusion of multi-scale information is achieved by a weighted linear combination of the attentions whose coefficients are learned during the training phase. 3) Introducing in the decoder, the Spatial-Channel-Global-Local block which is an attention layer that uniquely combines channel attention and spatial attention locally and globally. The performances of the model are evaluated on 2 datasets WHDLD and DLRSD and show results of mean intersection over union (mIoU) index in progress between 1.54% and 10.47% for DLRSD and between 1.04% and 4.37% for WHDLD compared with the most efficient algorithms with attention mechanisms like MAU-Net and transformers like TMNet.展开更多
Fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithm is one of the most popular methods for image segmentation. However, the standard FCM algorithm is sensitive to noise because of not taking into account the spatial information in the im...Fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithm is one of the most popular methods for image segmentation. However, the standard FCM algorithm is sensitive to noise because of not taking into account the spatial information in the image. An improved FCM algorithm is proposed to improve the antinoise performance of FCM algorithm. The new algorithm is formulated by incorporating the spatial neighborhood information into the membership function for clustering. The distribution statistics of the neighborhood pixels and the prior probability are used to form a new membership func- tion. It is not only effective to remove the noise spots but also can reduce the misclassified pixels. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm is more accurate and robust to noise than the standard FCM algorithm.展开更多
This study developed spatial Poisson model to incorporate spatial autocorrelation in crash frequency across contagious freeway segments. Spatial autocorrelation is the presence of spatial pattern in crash frequency ov...This study developed spatial Poisson model to incorporate spatial autocorrelation in crash frequency across contagious freeway segments. Spatial autocorrelation is the presence of spatial pattern in crash frequency over space due to geographic proximity. Usually crash caused congestion on a freeway segment propagates upstream and creates chance of occurring secondary crashes. This phenomenon makes the crash frequency on the contiguous freeway segments correlated. This correlation makes the distributional assumption of independence of crash frequency invalid. The existence of spatial autocorrelation is investigated by using Conditional autoregressive models (CAR models). The models are set up in a Bayesian modeling framework, to include terms which help to identify and quantify residual spatial autocorrelation for neighboring observation units. Models which recognize the presence of spatial dependence help to obtain unbiased estimates of parameters quantifying safety levels since the effects of spatial autocorrelation are accounted for in the modeling process. Based on CAR models, approximately 51% of crash frequencies across contiguous freeway segments are spatially auto-correlated. The incident rate ratios revealed that wider shoulder and weaving segments decreased crash frequency by factors of 0.84 and 0.75 respectively. The marginal impacts graphs showed that an increase in longitudinal space for segments with two lanes decreased crash frequency. However, an increase of facility width above three lanes results in more crashes, which indicates an increase in traffic flows and driving behavior leading to crashes. These results call an important step of analyzing contagious freeway segments simultaneously to account for the existence of spatial autocorrelation.展开更多
Building model data organization is often programmed to solve a specific problem,resulting in the inability to organize indoor and outdoor 3D scenes in an integrated manner.In this paper,existing building spatial data...Building model data organization is often programmed to solve a specific problem,resulting in the inability to organize indoor and outdoor 3D scenes in an integrated manner.In this paper,existing building spatial data models are studied,and the characteristics of building information modeling standards(IFC),city geographic modeling language(CityGML),indoor modeling language(IndoorGML),and other models are compared and analyzed.CityGML and IndoorGML models face challenges in satisfying diverse application scenarios and requirements due to limitations in their expression capabilities.It is proposed to combine the semantic information of the model objects to effectively partition and organize the indoor and outdoor spatial 3D model data and to construct the indoor and outdoor data organization mechanism of“chunk-layer-subobject-entrances-area-detail object.”This method is verified by proposing a 3D data organization method for indoor and outdoor space and constructing a 3D visualization system based on it.展开更多
街道场景视频实例分割是无人驾驶技术研究中的关键问题之一,可为车辆在街道场景下的环境感知和路径规划提供决策依据.针对现有方法存在多纵横比锚框应用单一感受野采样导致边缘特征提取不充分以及高层特征金字塔空间细节位置信息匮乏的...街道场景视频实例分割是无人驾驶技术研究中的关键问题之一,可为车辆在街道场景下的环境感知和路径规划提供决策依据.针对现有方法存在多纵横比锚框应用单一感受野采样导致边缘特征提取不充分以及高层特征金字塔空间细节位置信息匮乏的问题,本文提出锚框校准和空间位置信息补偿视频实例分割(Anchor frame calibration and Spatial position information compensation for Video Instance Segmentation,AS-VIS)网络.首先,在预测头3个分支中添加锚框校准模块实现同锚框纵横比匹配的多类型感受野采样,解决目标边缘提取不充分问题.其次,设计多感受野下采样模块将各种感受野采样后的特征融合,解决下采样信息缺失问题.最后,应用多感受野下采样模块将特征金字塔低层目标区域激活特征映射嵌入到高层中实现空间位置信息补偿,解决高层特征空间细节位置信息匮乏问题.在Youtube-VIS标准库中提取街道场景视频数据集,其中包括训练集329个视频和验证集53个视频.实验结果与YolactEdge检测和分割精度指标定量对比表明,锚框校准平均精度分别提升8.63%和5.09%,空间位置信息补偿特征金字塔平均精度分别提升7.76%和4.75%,AS-VIS总体平均精度分别提升9.26%和6.46%.本文方法实现了街道场景视频序列实例级同步检测、跟踪与分割,为无人驾驶车辆环境感知提供有效的理论依据.展开更多
本文研究主要针对伪装复杂背景下的图像进行实例分割.由于分割对象的伪装性以及缺少大规模训练集来支撑模型训练,这对于复杂背景下的实例对象分割构成了巨大挑战.受SOTR(Segmenting Objects with Transformer)的启发下,本文设计了一种...本文研究主要针对伪装复杂背景下的图像进行实例分割.由于分割对象的伪装性以及缺少大规模训练集来支撑模型训练,这对于复杂背景下的实例对象分割构成了巨大挑战.受SOTR(Segmenting Objects with Transformer)的启发下,本文设计了一种方法框架,以解决动物野生环境和其他各类复杂伪装背景下的实例分割问题.相较于原始模型在特征目标的检测表现效果不佳,以及分割掩码存在上下文信息丢失的问题,本文提出的框架主要采用以下方法:引入特定的上下文特征金字塔提取网络CEM-FPN,以解决在高分辨率图像与感受野之间的矛盾.具体而言,高分辨率图像需要更大的感受野,但大感受野会导致小目标的检测误判为背景.在多层级融合模块加入通道空间注意力模块(CS Module),以提升对不同尺度上的各个实例对象的关注度,从而提高原型掩码的质量.实验结果表明,本文方法相较于原模型在COD10K-Test数据集上提升了4.1%的精确度,并在NC4K-Test数据集上提升了4.5%的精确度.展开更多
文摘The semantic segmentation of very high spatial resolution remote sensing images is difficult due to the complexity of interpreting the interactions between the objects in the scene. Indeed, effective segmentation requires considering spatial local context and long-term dependencies. To address this problem, the proposed approach is inspired by the MAC-UNet network which is an extension of U-Net, densely connected combined with channel attention. The advantages of this solution are as follows: 4) The new model introduces a new attention called propagate attention to build an attention-based encoder. 2) The fusion of multi-scale information is achieved by a weighted linear combination of the attentions whose coefficients are learned during the training phase. 3) Introducing in the decoder, the Spatial-Channel-Global-Local block which is an attention layer that uniquely combines channel attention and spatial attention locally and globally. The performances of the model are evaluated on 2 datasets WHDLD and DLRSD and show results of mean intersection over union (mIoU) index in progress between 1.54% and 10.47% for DLRSD and between 1.04% and 4.37% for WHDLD compared with the most efficient algorithms with attention mechanisms like MAU-Net and transformers like TMNet.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(6087403160740430664)
文摘Fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithm is one of the most popular methods for image segmentation. However, the standard FCM algorithm is sensitive to noise because of not taking into account the spatial information in the image. An improved FCM algorithm is proposed to improve the antinoise performance of FCM algorithm. The new algorithm is formulated by incorporating the spatial neighborhood information into the membership function for clustering. The distribution statistics of the neighborhood pixels and the prior probability are used to form a new membership func- tion. It is not only effective to remove the noise spots but also can reduce the misclassified pixels. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm is more accurate and robust to noise than the standard FCM algorithm.
文摘This study developed spatial Poisson model to incorporate spatial autocorrelation in crash frequency across contagious freeway segments. Spatial autocorrelation is the presence of spatial pattern in crash frequency over space due to geographic proximity. Usually crash caused congestion on a freeway segment propagates upstream and creates chance of occurring secondary crashes. This phenomenon makes the crash frequency on the contiguous freeway segments correlated. This correlation makes the distributional assumption of independence of crash frequency invalid. The existence of spatial autocorrelation is investigated by using Conditional autoregressive models (CAR models). The models are set up in a Bayesian modeling framework, to include terms which help to identify and quantify residual spatial autocorrelation for neighboring observation units. Models which recognize the presence of spatial dependence help to obtain unbiased estimates of parameters quantifying safety levels since the effects of spatial autocorrelation are accounted for in the modeling process. Based on CAR models, approximately 51% of crash frequencies across contiguous freeway segments are spatially auto-correlated. The incident rate ratios revealed that wider shoulder and weaving segments decreased crash frequency by factors of 0.84 and 0.75 respectively. The marginal impacts graphs showed that an increase in longitudinal space for segments with two lanes decreased crash frequency. However, an increase of facility width above three lanes results in more crashes, which indicates an increase in traffic flows and driving behavior leading to crashes. These results call an important step of analyzing contagious freeway segments simultaneously to account for the existence of spatial autocorrelation.
文摘Building model data organization is often programmed to solve a specific problem,resulting in the inability to organize indoor and outdoor 3D scenes in an integrated manner.In this paper,existing building spatial data models are studied,and the characteristics of building information modeling standards(IFC),city geographic modeling language(CityGML),indoor modeling language(IndoorGML),and other models are compared and analyzed.CityGML and IndoorGML models face challenges in satisfying diverse application scenarios and requirements due to limitations in their expression capabilities.It is proposed to combine the semantic information of the model objects to effectively partition and organize the indoor and outdoor spatial 3D model data and to construct the indoor and outdoor data organization mechanism of“chunk-layer-subobject-entrances-area-detail object.”This method is verified by proposing a 3D data organization method for indoor and outdoor space and constructing a 3D visualization system based on it.
文摘街道场景视频实例分割是无人驾驶技术研究中的关键问题之一,可为车辆在街道场景下的环境感知和路径规划提供决策依据.针对现有方法存在多纵横比锚框应用单一感受野采样导致边缘特征提取不充分以及高层特征金字塔空间细节位置信息匮乏的问题,本文提出锚框校准和空间位置信息补偿视频实例分割(Anchor frame calibration and Spatial position information compensation for Video Instance Segmentation,AS-VIS)网络.首先,在预测头3个分支中添加锚框校准模块实现同锚框纵横比匹配的多类型感受野采样,解决目标边缘提取不充分问题.其次,设计多感受野下采样模块将各种感受野采样后的特征融合,解决下采样信息缺失问题.最后,应用多感受野下采样模块将特征金字塔低层目标区域激活特征映射嵌入到高层中实现空间位置信息补偿,解决高层特征空间细节位置信息匮乏问题.在Youtube-VIS标准库中提取街道场景视频数据集,其中包括训练集329个视频和验证集53个视频.实验结果与YolactEdge检测和分割精度指标定量对比表明,锚框校准平均精度分别提升8.63%和5.09%,空间位置信息补偿特征金字塔平均精度分别提升7.76%和4.75%,AS-VIS总体平均精度分别提升9.26%和6.46%.本文方法实现了街道场景视频序列实例级同步检测、跟踪与分割,为无人驾驶车辆环境感知提供有效的理论依据.
文摘本文研究主要针对伪装复杂背景下的图像进行实例分割.由于分割对象的伪装性以及缺少大规模训练集来支撑模型训练,这对于复杂背景下的实例对象分割构成了巨大挑战.受SOTR(Segmenting Objects with Transformer)的启发下,本文设计了一种方法框架,以解决动物野生环境和其他各类复杂伪装背景下的实例分割问题.相较于原始模型在特征目标的检测表现效果不佳,以及分割掩码存在上下文信息丢失的问题,本文提出的框架主要采用以下方法:引入特定的上下文特征金字塔提取网络CEM-FPN,以解决在高分辨率图像与感受野之间的矛盾.具体而言,高分辨率图像需要更大的感受野,但大感受野会导致小目标的检测误判为背景.在多层级融合模块加入通道空间注意力模块(CS Module),以提升对不同尺度上的各个实例对象的关注度,从而提高原型掩码的质量.实验结果表明,本文方法相较于原模型在COD10K-Test数据集上提升了4.1%的精确度,并在NC4K-Test数据集上提升了4.5%的精确度.