A novel coated urea(MVCU)was prepared,and its application effect was verified by field trials of oilseed rape in three main cultivation areas.Meanwhile,the nutrient release and coating layer changes of MVCU in static ...A novel coated urea(MVCU)was prepared,and its application effect was verified by field trials of oilseed rape in three main cultivation areas.Meanwhile,the nutrient release and coating layer changes of MVCU in static water at 25C and different soils were systematically evaluated.MVCU showed a long nutrient release time under static water(77 days)and soil incubation(140 days)conditions due to the slow degradation of the coating layer in MVCU,and its nitrogen release coincided well with oilseed rape nitrogen demand.The above results were further confirmed by FT-IR spectra and SEM analysis.Compared with conventional urea(U),the field trials of MVCU in the three main cultivation areas showed high nitrogen utilization efficiency and yield advantages in oilseed rape.The field trials results indicated that the MVCU significantly enhanced the aboveground dry matter(28.7%),the seed nitrogen concentration(9.5%)and aboveground nitrogen accumulation(42.5%)of oilseed rape at the mature stage as compared to that of the U.The oilseed rape yield enhanced by 932.8 kg/hm^(2),the average growth rate was 65.1%,and nitrogen utilization efficiency increased by 21.2%.In short,MVCU has the advantages of excellent slow-release performance and strong applicability,and its yield-increasing effect on oilseed rape could reach or even be better than that of traditional fertilization.展开更多
为探明安徽省直播冬油菜种植中适宜的氮肥用量、氮肥种类和施氮方式,通过田间小区试验,研究尿素不同用量及等氮量尿素和控释尿素不同施用方式对直播冬油菜产量、氮肥累积量及氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明:施氮水平和施氮方式对直播冬油...为探明安徽省直播冬油菜种植中适宜的氮肥用量、氮肥种类和施氮方式,通过田间小区试验,研究尿素不同用量及等氮量尿素和控释尿素不同施用方式对直播冬油菜产量、氮肥累积量及氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明:施氮水平和施氮方式对直播冬油菜产量具有显著影响,成株率与产量之间呈显著正相关,施氮量180 kg N·hm-2条件下,尿素分次施用处理(N180)和控释尿素一次性施用处理(CRU180)在生育中后期能有效提高直播冬油菜密度。施氮量240 kg N·hm-2、尿素分次施用处理(N240)角壳和茎秆氮素累积量分配比例增加,籽粒分配比例减少,氮肥表观利用率、氮肥农学效率、氮肥生理效率和氮肥偏生产力显著降低,籽粒产量不增反降,较CRU180和N180分别降低2.87%和9.67%。各施氮处理中,N180处理产量最高,较其他施氮处理显著增产7.53%~82.15%。施氮量180 kg N·hm-2条件下,相比尿素一次性施用处理(U180),CRU180和N180显著增产8.53%和16.69%,籽粒氮素累积量显著增加8.80%和16.02%,氮肥表观利用率显著增加11.68%和14.30%,氮素农学效率显著增加12.53%和24.46%,氮素生理效率增加0.74%和9.13%,氮肥偏生产力显著增加8.59%和16.76%。综合本试验直播冬油菜产量、氮素累积量和氮肥利用率结果来看,合理的氮肥用量和氮肥品种可以有效增加直播冬油菜的成株率和氮素累积量,进而增加产量、提高氮肥利用率。安徽省直播冬油菜施氮量180 kg N·hm-2,尿素分次施用和控释尿素一次性施用,均能达到产量和氮肥利用率的双向提升。考虑到直播冬油菜轻简化发展大趋势,建议采用控释尿素一次性基施。展开更多
【目的】明确不同冬油菜种植区域油菜专用控释尿素用量对冬油菜产量和氮素吸收的影响,验证油菜专用控释尿素一次性施用的可行性和适宜用量,为指导冬油菜轻简化生产提供依据。【方法】于2015—2016年分别开展油菜专用控释尿素静水释放试...【目的】明确不同冬油菜种植区域油菜专用控释尿素用量对冬油菜产量和氮素吸收的影响,验证油菜专用控释尿素一次性施用的可行性和适宜用量,为指导冬油菜轻简化生产提供依据。【方法】于2015—2016年分别开展油菜专用控释尿素静水释放试验和田间埋袋养分释放以及控释尿素用量施用效果田间试验。油菜专用控释尿素用量试验布置于冬油菜3个主产地区——湖南衡阳、江西九江和湖北武穴。试验共设5个氮肥用量梯度,分别为0、60、120、180和240 kg N·hm^(-2),探究油菜专用控释尿素对不同区域冬油菜产量和氮素吸收的影响。【结果】田间埋袋试验结果表明,油菜专用控释尿素的缓释期在150 d左右,累积释放量为83.4%,与冬油菜氮素需求吻合。施用油菜专用控释尿素可以调控收获密度,增加冬油菜的单株角果数和每角粒数。与不施氮处理相比,单株角果数、每角粒数分别增加15.0—81.5角/株和0.2—2.4粒/角,收获密度随氮肥用量增加或降低协调群体与个体。3个产地的籽粒产量均在施氮量达到180 kg N·hm^(-2)时最高,分别较不施氮增产1 118、1 088和2 049 kg·hm^(-2)。用线性加平台模型拟合的最佳控释尿素用量,湖南衡阳、江西九江和湖北武穴分别为174、180和192 kg N·hm^(-2)。油菜专用控释尿素施用显著增加地上部生物量、氮素含量和氮素积累量。在成熟期时,随氮肥用量增加,茎秆中的氮素分配比例逐渐增加,籽粒中氮素积累分配比例减小,而角壳的氮素分配比例保持在10%左右。不同时期氮肥利用率存在差异,苗期最小,花期最大,成熟期居中,分别为19.20%—23.45%、50.69%—56.89%和39.39%—46.71%。苗期和花期的氮肥利用率随着施氮量的增加,出现先增加后降低的趋势,在控释尿素用量为180 kg N·hm^(-2)时达到最大;成熟期的氮肥利用率随着施氮量的增加呈降低趋势。【结论】油菜专用控释尿素一次性施用可以增加油菜各生育时期的氮素吸收、促进油菜生长发育,提高收获密度、单株角果数和每角粒数,增加油菜产量。不同冬油菜主产区所需专用控释尿素推荐用量差异不大,平均为180 kg N·hm^(-2)。展开更多
基金financial support was provided by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD0200901).
文摘A novel coated urea(MVCU)was prepared,and its application effect was verified by field trials of oilseed rape in three main cultivation areas.Meanwhile,the nutrient release and coating layer changes of MVCU in static water at 25C and different soils were systematically evaluated.MVCU showed a long nutrient release time under static water(77 days)and soil incubation(140 days)conditions due to the slow degradation of the coating layer in MVCU,and its nitrogen release coincided well with oilseed rape nitrogen demand.The above results were further confirmed by FT-IR spectra and SEM analysis.Compared with conventional urea(U),the field trials of MVCU in the three main cultivation areas showed high nitrogen utilization efficiency and yield advantages in oilseed rape.The field trials results indicated that the MVCU significantly enhanced the aboveground dry matter(28.7%),the seed nitrogen concentration(9.5%)and aboveground nitrogen accumulation(42.5%)of oilseed rape at the mature stage as compared to that of the U.The oilseed rape yield enhanced by 932.8 kg/hm^(2),the average growth rate was 65.1%,and nitrogen utilization efficiency increased by 21.2%.In short,MVCU has the advantages of excellent slow-release performance and strong applicability,and its yield-increasing effect on oilseed rape could reach or even be better than that of traditional fertilization.
文摘为探明安徽省直播冬油菜种植中适宜的氮肥用量、氮肥种类和施氮方式,通过田间小区试验,研究尿素不同用量及等氮量尿素和控释尿素不同施用方式对直播冬油菜产量、氮肥累积量及氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明:施氮水平和施氮方式对直播冬油菜产量具有显著影响,成株率与产量之间呈显著正相关,施氮量180 kg N·hm-2条件下,尿素分次施用处理(N180)和控释尿素一次性施用处理(CRU180)在生育中后期能有效提高直播冬油菜密度。施氮量240 kg N·hm-2、尿素分次施用处理(N240)角壳和茎秆氮素累积量分配比例增加,籽粒分配比例减少,氮肥表观利用率、氮肥农学效率、氮肥生理效率和氮肥偏生产力显著降低,籽粒产量不增反降,较CRU180和N180分别降低2.87%和9.67%。各施氮处理中,N180处理产量最高,较其他施氮处理显著增产7.53%~82.15%。施氮量180 kg N·hm-2条件下,相比尿素一次性施用处理(U180),CRU180和N180显著增产8.53%和16.69%,籽粒氮素累积量显著增加8.80%和16.02%,氮肥表观利用率显著增加11.68%和14.30%,氮素农学效率显著增加12.53%和24.46%,氮素生理效率增加0.74%和9.13%,氮肥偏生产力显著增加8.59%和16.76%。综合本试验直播冬油菜产量、氮素累积量和氮肥利用率结果来看,合理的氮肥用量和氮肥品种可以有效增加直播冬油菜的成株率和氮素累积量,进而增加产量、提高氮肥利用率。安徽省直播冬油菜施氮量180 kg N·hm-2,尿素分次施用和控释尿素一次性施用,均能达到产量和氮肥利用率的双向提升。考虑到直播冬油菜轻简化发展大趋势,建议采用控释尿素一次性基施。
文摘【目的】明确不同冬油菜种植区域油菜专用控释尿素用量对冬油菜产量和氮素吸收的影响,验证油菜专用控释尿素一次性施用的可行性和适宜用量,为指导冬油菜轻简化生产提供依据。【方法】于2015—2016年分别开展油菜专用控释尿素静水释放试验和田间埋袋养分释放以及控释尿素用量施用效果田间试验。油菜专用控释尿素用量试验布置于冬油菜3个主产地区——湖南衡阳、江西九江和湖北武穴。试验共设5个氮肥用量梯度,分别为0、60、120、180和240 kg N·hm^(-2),探究油菜专用控释尿素对不同区域冬油菜产量和氮素吸收的影响。【结果】田间埋袋试验结果表明,油菜专用控释尿素的缓释期在150 d左右,累积释放量为83.4%,与冬油菜氮素需求吻合。施用油菜专用控释尿素可以调控收获密度,增加冬油菜的单株角果数和每角粒数。与不施氮处理相比,单株角果数、每角粒数分别增加15.0—81.5角/株和0.2—2.4粒/角,收获密度随氮肥用量增加或降低协调群体与个体。3个产地的籽粒产量均在施氮量达到180 kg N·hm^(-2)时最高,分别较不施氮增产1 118、1 088和2 049 kg·hm^(-2)。用线性加平台模型拟合的最佳控释尿素用量,湖南衡阳、江西九江和湖北武穴分别为174、180和192 kg N·hm^(-2)。油菜专用控释尿素施用显著增加地上部生物量、氮素含量和氮素积累量。在成熟期时,随氮肥用量增加,茎秆中的氮素分配比例逐渐增加,籽粒中氮素积累分配比例减小,而角壳的氮素分配比例保持在10%左右。不同时期氮肥利用率存在差异,苗期最小,花期最大,成熟期居中,分别为19.20%—23.45%、50.69%—56.89%和39.39%—46.71%。苗期和花期的氮肥利用率随着施氮量的增加,出现先增加后降低的趋势,在控释尿素用量为180 kg N·hm^(-2)时达到最大;成熟期的氮肥利用率随着施氮量的增加呈降低趋势。【结论】油菜专用控释尿素一次性施用可以增加油菜各生育时期的氮素吸收、促进油菜生长发育,提高收获密度、单株角果数和每角粒数,增加油菜产量。不同冬油菜主产区所需专用控释尿素推荐用量差异不大,平均为180 kg N·hm^(-2)。