Attributes of Specialized Households'Resilience and Its Impact on Rural Industrial Advancement:A Case Study of National Musical Instrument Production Specialized Households in Lankao County,Henan,China

Specialized households serve as the primary units within specialized villages in China,and their capacity to withstand risks and external influences significantly shapes the future trajectory of specialized villages and the overall vitality of the rural economy.In this study,we established a measurement indicator system based on the definition of specialized households’resilience,elucidating the logical connection between specialized households’resilience and rural industrial development in China.The musical instrument industry in Lankao County,Henan Province of China,was employed as a case;survey data,the entropy method,and an obstacle diagnosis model were used to examine how instrument production specialized households responded to the challenges posed by Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)and the tightening of national environmental protection policies,yielding the following key findings:1)there exists substantial variation in the comprehensive resilience levels among different specialized households;2)the ability to learn and adapt is the most significant contributor to the overall resilience level of specialized households;3)technological proficiency and access to skilled talent emerge as pivotal factors influencing specialized households’resilience;4)the positioning of specialized households within the industrial supply chain and the stability of their income have a direct bearing on their resilience level.The influence of specialized households’resilience on industrial development primarily manifests in the following ways:stronger resilience correlates with increased stability in production and sales,fostering a more proactive approach to future actions.However,heightened exposure to the external macroeconomic environment can lead to a higher rate of export reduction.To enhance the development resilience of entities like specialized households and family farms,and to invigorate rural economic development,escalating investments in rural science and technology and prioritizing the training of technical talent become imperative.

The Effects of Industrial Park Development on Manufacturing Firms’Performance in Ethiopia

This study examines the effects of industrial parks on export earnings,employment creation,and FDI attraction in Ethiopia.Despite varying degrees of successes and failures,several countries have utilized industrial park and other forms of special economic zones as a policy instrument for fostering economic transformation.China is at the forefront of using special economic zones as a policy tool for economic transformation.Ethiopia is one of the African countries that has adopted industrial park development as a policy tool to enhance its economic transformation.However,the issue is not well researched and this study aims to contribute to fill the research gap.The analysis of the hypotheses test reveals that industrial parks in Ethiopia have statistically significant effects on export earnings,employment creation,and FDI attraction with significant levels of p≤0.001.Low labor productivity,domestic raw material supply constraints,weak forward and backward linkage,transport cost and logistic constraints,and government institutions’capacity constraints are identified as the major constraints that affect the effectiveness of industrial parks and manufacturing firms.On the other hand,the availability of a trainable labor force,raw material potential,preferential policies and incentives,the economic growth of the country,and the labor wage rise in China and other emerging countries are identified as the main five potentials and opportunities for sustained and dynamic industrial parks development.Based on the findings,three policy implications are suggested.First,formulating and implementing manufacturing labor force development and utilization policies and strategies are vital.Second,the forward-backward linkage along the value chain needs to be enhanced through proper policies.Finally,institutional capacity building through learning by doing and public-private partnership has to be strengthened.

Design of Industrial Floors—Review of Guidelines, Special Designing Issues (Part 1)

We are placing more and more emphasis on the design of industrial floors when designing the structure of buildings. Currently there are only a few approved designing guidelines that practicing engineers can use to easily design industrial floors. Rather the best practice is that the manufacturers of certain products (concrete fibre reinforcement, dilatation joints) carry out the more or less professional designing. In addition, there are numerous incurring questions in connection with applying the internationally approved guidelines in terms of applicability and reliability. Our paper is based on years of experience in designing industrial floors. In the first part the main guidelines, their characteristics and opportunities of application are discussed. In the second part we take a closer look at the most common TR34 British guideline, presenting its most significant designing formulas, which support engineering practitioners in carrying out the design of industrial floors on their own. In the third part we demonstrate advanced finite element analyses, comparing results with real sized experiments and with results of the guidelines.

China's Industrial Upgrade in Global Factor Specialization

China has operated as a proactive destination of technology transfer and diffusion from the Western world since reform and opening-up in 1978.This enabled the country to seize strategic opportunities of global factor specialization and helped it achieve great industrial development and upgrade.Nevertheless,the traditional path of integration into the global system of factor specialization has also brought about problems of imbalance and incoordination such as an excessive consumption of natural resources and environmental damage,making it necessary for China's industrial development to increase sustainability.Deepening of global factor specialization,increased cross-border liquidity,and the strategy of "reverse integration" of multinational firms based on developing economies are tendencies highly consistent with the direction of China's industrial development and upgrade and present new strategic opportunities for integration into global factor specialization and industrial transformation.Rather than simply acting passively as a destination of foreign investment,a new round of opening-up is required for China to take a more efficient route in the global system of factor specialization.Therefore,in the area of industrial development,China must keep a down-to-earth attitude,effectively utilize the existing comparative advantages,and follow a gradual and science-based approach.Only by following this course will China be able to take advantage of the new opportunities,foster advanced indigenous and international factors,and increase its capabilities of innovation and global operation on the basis of global resources integration.

THE DIFFERENCE OF ECONOMIC FUNCTION AND THE TRENDS OF INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT IN CENTRAL CITIES ALONG THE XIJIANG RIVER

The Xijiang River is an important link between Guangdong Province and the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and a tie between its basin and the world. The zone which consists of 12 cities backing onto the main channel, including Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Nanning and Bose, etc., is an economic growing point and industry spreading origin of all the river basin. According to the nonagricultural population scale, these cities are divided into four grades. By analyzing seven indexes (GDP, nonagricultural population, gross values of industrial output, postal and telecommunication service scales, social commodity total volume of retail sales,resident saving balance, student sum in college), these cities are divided into four kinds of growing points, which show the different radiating function in different regions. The 12 cities, which have differed obviously in industry structure and the scale of the secondary＆ tertiary industry, are divided into three industry steps. By studying the difference of urban industrial function specialization in the 12 cities, the problems have been revealed in the urban industry structure developing. They are about the lower levels of the three industries, the lack of coordination with city status in the development of specialized departments, the similarity of the industry structure and the specialized departments, and so on. Based on the pattern of urban industry structure developing and the theory of regional economic step transferring, some suggestions have been discussed. They include the trends of cities’ industry developing, the change and improvement of the percentage of the three industries, the adjustment and amendment of the region and industry structure, and the labor division and location of cities manufacture.

Rice industrial economy and its development strategy

On the basis of the analysis of the present situation of food grain and rice production in China, countering the beginning tendency to neglect rice production because of rice grain structural surplus and low market price after China’s agriculture entering the new development stage, this paper puts forward the concept of rice industrial economy, explains its attribute, connotation, key factors, etc., forms the basic idea of developing the rice industrial economy, and suggests some strategic measures such as regionalized layout of rice production,etc. to develop the rice industrial economy.

Technological Sophistication of China's Industrial Finished Goods for Export——A New Approach to Estimation

Based on the perspective of international vertical specialization,this paper creates a set of new approach to estimating the domestic technological sophistication(DTS)of export goods.Deducting the values of imported intermediate inputs contained in export goods,this paper conducts an estimation and analysis of the DTS of China's industrial finished goods for export between 2002 and 2007 at the national,industrial and regional levels.Results of our study indicate that:(1) the DTS of China's export goods demonstrates an overall tendency of steady increase and its evolving pattern demonstrates distinctive differences across sectors;(2) the DTS is on the increase for natural resources sectors,low-technology sectors,medium-technology sectors and certain high-technology sectors including transportation equipment manufacturing,general and dedicated equipment manufacturing,and electrical machinery and apparatus manufacturing while the DTS is on the significant decrease for electronic and communication equipment manufacturing and instruments,meters and other metering devices manufacturing;and(3) provinces with relatively high average values of DTS of export goods are primarily located in China's eastern region while provinces with significant DTS growth rates are mainly located in China's central and western regions and the gaps of DTS of export goods among China's eastern,central and western regions have a tendency of convergence.

沈阳市农业特色产业发展现状与对策研究

随着国家农业战略结构不断优化和调整,新时期下发展农业特色产业具有广阔前景和重要意义。该文在分析沈阳市农业特色产业发展现状基础上,提出农业企业自主创新能力较弱、国家重点农业龙头企业少、特色产业聚集度不强等主要问题,并对沈阳市农业特色产业未来发展提供思路与对策。

民用航空产业集聚对经济高质量发展的影响——基于省级面板数据的门槛回归模型检验

民用航空产业集聚是构建高端供求市场、高度产业协作、高度交通便利而实现区域资源优化配置与区域经济发展的重要因素。采用2009—2020年省级数据,探究民用航空产业的专业化集聚、多样化集聚和竞争效应3种集聚模式对区域经济高质量发展的影响,进一步检验集聚效应的阶段性作用。结果表明,随着集聚水平的上升,民用航空产业的专业化集聚与多样化集聚对区域经济高质量发展呈先抑制、后驱动的影响,竞争效应与区域经济高质量发展呈正相关关系。

要素禀赋改善、产业结构优化与特殊类型地区共同富裕

特殊类型地区是推进高质量发展的重点区域,建构“以要素禀赋改善为支撑,产业结构转型升级为引擎,协同驱动区域共同富裕”的逻辑框架,计量分析要素禀赋和产业结构耦合协调度,实证检验三者之间互动关联并探讨其理论蕴含,有益于加快构建支持特殊类型地区振兴发展的政策体系和长效机制。结果表明,产业结构调整在要素禀赋影响特殊类型地区振兴发展的过程中发挥中介作用;实现要素禀赋与产业结构的耦合协调可以更好推进区域共同富裕,二者耦合协调程度在要素禀赋促进区域共同富裕过程中发挥门槛效应;要素禀赋及其与产业结构耦合协调度发挥正向作用时,其滞后一期变量对促进区域共同富裕具有阻滞作用。据此针对要素品质提升、产业结构高阶演进以及政府与市场作用协同发挥等领域给出相关建议,力争推动特殊类型地区在要素禀赋改善与产业结构优化良性互动中实现高质量发展。

“双循环”促进利用外资“稳中提质”的效应评估

受日趋复杂和严峻的外部环境变化冲击以及内部传统低成本优势不断丧失的影响,近年来,中国利用外资虽面临挑战,但与全球对外直接投资下滑相比却成功实现了“逆势上扬”,其根本逻辑在于“双循环”能够形成吸引外资的新优势。具体而言,超大本土市场规模优势下的产业配套能力提升和消费需求规模的扩大、更高开放水平下的国际循环畅通以及二者的相互作用,高度契合了全球价值链分工条件下跨国公司布局全球生产网络,尤其是布局高端生产环节和阶段的现实需求,在利用外资上即表现为“稳中提质”。在创新性地对国内国际双循环进行定量和有效测度的基础上,进一步开展的计量检验结果证实了上述理论预期的正确性,即“双循环”能够显著促进利用外资“稳中提质”,并且主要通过更加畅通的国内循环和国际循环及其二者相互促进的机制发挥作用。在经济全球化新形势下和中国迈入高质量发展新阶段后,为充分发挥外资在现代化建设中的作用,中国应加快构建新发展格局,依托超大本土市场规模优势,在实施扩大内需战略、加快国内市场一体化和制度创新的同时积极参与全球生产网络和价值链分工体系,以形成利用外资“稳中提质”的新优势。

京津冀城市群产业链分工格局、机制与发展方向

区域产业分工历经从部门间分工向部门内分工再到产业链分工为主的形式演进,产业链分工表现为功能专业化。以功能专业化指数为基础,运用区位商对京津冀城市群产业链分工进行测度,结果表明:京津冀城市群中心城市与外围城市功能性分工显著,形成中心城市主要承担生产性服务功能,外围城市主要承担生产制造功能的分工格局。其生产性服务功能呈现明显的单中心集聚趋势,各城市优势产业突出。市场需求的多样化、交易成本的降低、城市间密切的经济联系,以及便捷的交通联系会促进京津冀产业链分工的形成与发展。未来京津冀应形成超大城市、特大城市、大城市、中小城市和县城特色突出、功能各异、协调发展的产业链分工体系。

会计师事务所行业专门化对企业创新的影响研究

以我国A股2007-2020年上市公司为样本,实证检验了会计师事务所行业专门化对企业创新的影响。研究结果证实,会计师事务所行业专门化显著促进了企业创新,表现为专利数量和专利质量的提升,这种促进作用主要通过缓解融资约束和抑制研发操纵的渠道实现。进一步研究发现,会计师事务所行业专门化对企业创新的激励效应在外部融资依赖程度高、内部治理水平差、市场竞争度低的企业表现得更加明显。同时,会计师事务所行业专门化通过促进企业创新推动了企业高质量发展。研究结论对加强资本市场中介机构职能化及专业化建设,服务国家创新驱动发展战略提供了经验支持。

数字科技何以驱动新质生产力发展——以专精特新企业为实现主体

习近平总书记强调要立足实际,充分释放新质生产力的巨大潜能。新质生产力以创新、质优和先进性为鲜明特征,成为中国经济高质量发展的核心引擎。以驱动新质生产力发展为目标诉求,以“革命性技术突破、生产要素创新性配置、产业深度转型升级”三大核心要素为中间承载,以专精特新企业为实现主体,以数字科技为支撑赋能,建构“新质生产力—三大核心要素—专精特新—科技赋能”逻辑关系。首先,从宏观层面解构新质生产力的形成机制,指出革命性技术突破、生产要素创新性配置和产业深度转型升级是催生新质生产力的三大核心要素。其次,聚焦专精特新企业的“专业化、精细化、特色化、新颖化”特点,阐释三大核心要素引领、推动、实现专精特新企业专注深挖、精益求精、别具一格和引领创新指标的承载作用。最后,基于数字科技的持续性创新、数字经济、核心竞争力和数字人才培育维度,揭示出专精特新企业通过数字科技赋能,能够更精准地把握市场需求,更高效地推动技术创新,更灵活地配置资源,是形成新质生产力的有效途径。

基于稻米特质化生产溯源的乡村产业振兴策略研究

乡村产业振兴行动到底如何从乡村禀赋资源配置到农产品产业的特质化发展是一个需要从学理上回答的紧迫性问题。基于此,本文以新发展观为视角,以稻米特质化生产为参照系,构建以农产品特质化生产为中心的乡村产业振兴行动理论框架。研究表明,农产品特质化生产是基于农产品自然属性与社会属性深度融合、持续演变的文明进化结果,是支撑乡村社会物质文明和精神文明协同演进的自组织载体。因此,解决当前乡村产业振兴行动诸如动能衰减、产业空洞、社会空心等痼疾难除的问题,必须按照农产品特质化生产的理论,遵循农产品特质化生产的历史演进规律,推动以农产品特质化生产为中心的“一村一品”与“一县一特”乡村社会建设,真正实现以乡村产业振兴行动的乡村振兴战略。

人口规模回旋空间与区域产业发展

未来30年是中国式现代化进程的关键时期,实现人口规模巨大的现代化意味着需要雄厚物质基础,这个物质基础需要一个相对完整、自主、庞大而丰裕度较高的产业体系予以支撑。深入认识人口增长时期区域经济发展过程中人口因素在产业发展中起到的作用有助于在人口负增长条件下更好地保持产业体系完整性,进一步提高劳动生产率,提升产业丰裕度。为此,本文基于文献析出方法从理论上阐释区域产业发展过程中存在依据自身人口规模进行专业化与多样性选择的情况,并且存在两者互动关系。在此基础上,选择以地级市和城市群为观察样本,采用两步广义矩模型(GMM)、空间杜宾模型,并通过工具变量解决内生性问题,检验了在一定技术水平和人力资本水平等其他条件下,区域产业专业化和多样性变动发展过程中人口规模的回旋效应和具体作用。研究发现:区域人口规模对区域产业专业化集聚和发展的互动影响呈现倒“U”型;区域人口规模对区域产业多样性集聚和发展的互动影响呈现“U”型;在区域产业专业化、多样性集聚过程中,存在空间溢出效应;中原城市群、珠三角城市群和京津冀城市群产业集聚的专业化效应和多样性效应得到充分释放,长三角城市群产业集聚的多样性效应更加明显。这充分说明在拥有巨大人口规模形成的超大市场和充沛的劳动力供给且国土广袤的前提下,各个空间单元(行政区域)可以根据自身禀赋优势和人口规模,在国内大市场中选择更适宜的产业集聚模式,即专业化和多样性,从而实现区域产业分工协调发展,如此便能够在总体人口负增长和区域人口增减分异明显的状态下,保持全国产业体系完整和基础性产业丰裕度提升。这一结果充分证明巨大的人口规模以及各个区域合理的分布使我国在区域产业专业化、多样性和产业体系完整性方面具有较大的回旋空间。当然,人口规模回旋空间效应的释放不会完全自动形成,需要以国家战略需求为导向,推进国内统一大市场建设,畅通要素流动,破除行政壁垒;人口需要朝着规模稳定、素质提升、结构均衡、分布合理和世代赓续的高质量发展方向和轨道转变。只有人口高质量发展才能够为现代化产业体系建设和经济高质量发展提供更大更多的新动能。

特色蔬菜芦笋产业发展现状与趋势研究

[目的]调研中国特色蔬菜芦笋产业现状与趋势,从芦笋的生产与消费、设施栽培、精深加工以及芦笋国际贸易面临的机遇和挑战等方面提出发展建议,为促进中国芦笋产业可持续发展提供参考依据。[方法]根据FAO(中国内地)的芦笋生产数据和中国海关(全部贸易)的芦笋贸易数据,对中国芦笋的生产、消费态势及进出口贸易现状进行了分析。[结果]中国芦笋的面积和产量都位居世界第1,在全球占据绝对优势地位。近10年,中国芦笋面积和产量的增速比较缓慢,而单产增长幅度非常低,科技含量不高,有进一步提升的空间。2021年中国芦笋表观消费量为734.10万t,远远超过其他国家,人均表观消费量为5.15 kg/人,仅次于秘鲁(6.80 kg/人),超过了发达国家的消费水平。随着当代生活水平的提高和消费水平的提档升级,芦笋产品的消费结构和消费模式呈现多元化趋势。中国鲜或冷藏芦笋主要销往临近地区和亚洲发达国家,2021年对中国澳门和日本的出口量均突破100 t,对日本的出口额突破37万美元,出口创汇非常显著,而进口规模相对较小。近10年中国芦笋罐头出口量保持平稳,出口额显著下跌,出口单价保持较高水平,进口规模极小,芦笋罐头主要销往西班牙、荷兰、德国等欧盟市场。[结论]应认清芦笋消费模式的新特点,推进设施栽培,确保效益稳增,优化产业结构,三产融合发展,进一步实施芦笋贸易多元化战略,促进中国芦笋产业可持续发展。

企业能动性适应与产业链韧性锻造研究——以中国轴承产业为例

锻造产业链韧性是建设现代化产业体系的重要内容,也是构建新发展格局的迫切需要。本文基于“企业能动性适应概念界定—类型划分—锻造产业链韧性作用机理”的逻辑框架,构建企业既通过连续性适应增强技术韧性,又通过非连续性适应增强业务韧性,最终上下游企业通过能动性适应协调互动合力锻造产业链韧性的理论框架。本文以中国轴承产业为例,将目前轴承产业链韧性提升面临的现实问题作为研究起点,代入具体情境进行深入分析。研究表明,中国轴承企业连续性适应不足使得补链能力受限,非连续性适应不强使得固链水平偏低,上下游企业能动性适应相互制约给锻造产业链韧性带来严峻挑战。以往政府对要素市场的干预、以市场换技术、追求产值和体量的政策导向是造成上述问题的原因。本文的研究结论可为政府重新审视企业能动性适应,发挥企业在锻造轴承产业链韧性中的主体作用提供启示。

全球价值链重构对中国制造业竞争优势的影响

中国亟须针对GVC重构的不同趋势特征部署中国制造业应对战略。鉴于此,研究以GVC重构本土化趋势影响中国制造业竞争优势的理论机制为先导,选取1995年—2020年中国制造业14个细分行业的面板数据,构建计量模型进行分组回归检验以明确各组行业所受的差异化影响。实证结果表明:GVC重构本土化趋势对中国制造业部分低技术行业或低技术生产环节影响较大,其存在被其他竞争主体挤出取代的风险;GVC重构本土化趋势使得中国制造业部分具有比较优势的中技术行业短期内无法被其他竞争主体取代;GVC重构本土化趋势使得中国制造业高技术行业短板依旧。研究依据重构后中国制造业各行业竞争优势演变特征,提出分类、分阶段推进制造业渐进式发展的应对战略,以应对行业供应链中断风险。

智慧旅游技术应用专业人才供需分析与对策研究

在调研22所高职院校与63家用人单位的基础上,从行业需求与人才供给两方面分析智慧旅游技术应用专业的人才需求、能力结构与课程设置情况。研究发现:智慧旅游技术应用专业人才需求旺盛,供需匹配度较高,但不同企业的人才需求存在结构化差异;受访院校的人才培养面向与课程类型丰富,侧重于智慧旅游市场营销与旅游企业智慧化管理方向,尚未建立特色化的人才培养模式,面向高端产业与岗位的竞争力不足。优化复合型特色化人才培养定位、打造科技赋能型项目化课程、推进产业科技教学化改造与强化教师数字化培育,是智慧旅游技术应用专业走向成熟的有力支撑。