Impacts and Demonstration Effects of Applying Long-acting Slow-release Fertilizer on Economic Yield of Peanut

[Objectives]To study the impacts and demonstration effects of long-acting slow-release fertilizer application on economic yield of peanut.[Methods]The 25,30,35,40,45,50 kg of long-acting slow-release fertilizers were applied to 667 m 2 of peanuts,and different amounts of urea were applied together.[Results]Applying 40 kg of long-acting slow-release fertilizer and 10.45 kg of urea had the best effect.Compared with the application of ordinary compound fertilizers,the plants did not age prematurely,the leaf diseases were mild,the stems and leaves remained dark green when harvested,and the stems and leaves had a longer functional period.Bearing shoots increased by 1.7,single-plant full pods increased by 2.4,double-seed peanuts increased by 3.2,empty pods decreased by 0.5,and single-seed peanuts decreased by 0.7.The experimental demonstration results show that the spring-sowed peanuts had an average yield increase of 29.0-67.2 kg/667 m 2,and the yield increase rate was 7.35%-16.89%,and the difference was extremely significant.[Conclusions]In the high-yield cultivation of peanuts,the application of long-acting slow-release fertilizer can be promoted to improve peanut production.

Study on Organic Long-acting Fertilizer of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim. and Preliminary Report on its Application Effect

This paper studied the fertilizer requirement and soil fertility supply capacity of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.,discussed the application effects of organic fertilizer in Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.The results showed that the yield of Trichodanthes kirilowii Maxim.at Jinjing site by applying special organic longacting fertilizer increased by 11.3%and earnings by 3.6%,the yield at Ansha site increased by 17.4%,and earnings by 9.2%.It was pointed out that high-yielding fertilization of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.was achieved by first applying organic fertilizer to ensure good soil structure,and then by ensuring an effective supply of nitrogen,potassium,boron,molybdenum and zinc fertilizers.

Study on Liquid Special Fertilizer for Drip Irrigation of Sugarcane and Its Irrigation Mode in Guangxi Lateritic Red Soil Region

[Objective] Liquid special fertilizer for drip irrigation of sugarcane was de- veloped and the fertilizer patterns were explored in the production to provide techni- cal support for fertigation production of modern agriculture. [Method] ROC22 was selected as experimental material, two formulas of liquid special fertilizer for sugar- cane developed by the cooperation between Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sci- ences and New Orientation （Guangxi） Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd. were selected, namely, balanced 21-21-21 ~ TE of Xinfangxiang and hyperkalemic 13-6-39-TE of Xinfangxiang. Taking conventional fertilization as the control （CK）, two modes of ap- plying base fertilizer at the earlier stage ＋ fertigation in the tillering stage and ferti- gation in the whole growth period were set. [Result] The two modes of fertilization had not significant effects on the emergence of sugarcane, but applying base fertil- izer at the earlier stage ＋ timely applying water soluble fertilizer in the tillering stage was conducive to the tillering of sugarcane. Harvest results showed that the effects of different treatments on plant height and yield were significant, in which the yield of sugarcane under the treatment of hyperkalemic water-soluble fertilizer increased by 13.04% compared with conventional treatment, and the income increased by 4 500 yuan/hm2, [Conclusion] Liquid special fertilizer for drip irrigation of sugarcane signifi- cantly promoted the growth of sugarcane, moreover, under the same condition, the effect of hyperkalemic water-soluble fertilizer was better.

Effects of the Combined Use of Tobacco Special Inorganic Fertilizer and Cake Organic Fertilizer on the Quality of Tobacco K326

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of the combined use of cake organic fertilizer and tobacco special fertilizer on the growth and development as well as the quality of tobacco leaves.[Method] Different ratios of cake organic fertilizer and tobacco special fertilizer were applied.Then,the agronomic traits and leaf quality determining factors were measured and analyzed at different growing stages.[Result] Compared with the control,the tobacco plant height was increased by 3.01％-5.84％,while the number of valid leaves was increased by 5.56％-20.39％ in all the treatments with combined use of fertilizers.The ratio of sugar to nicotine of leaf was closer to 10±1,and the ratio of nitrogen to nicotine of leaf was closer to 1±0.1.In addition,the combined use of 750 kg/hm2 tobacco special base fertilizer and 292 kg/hm2 cake organic fertilizer had a better effect for improving the agronomic traits and flavor qualities than all the other treatments.[Conclusion] This study will provide reference for developing special full-aroma tobacco leaf product and new tobacco special fertilizers in Hunan.

Development and Application of Special Fertilizer for Crops in Guangxi Region

Different crops need different kinds of nutrients. In this paper,formula of special fertilizer for common field crops in Guangxi is explored from the angle of grain crops,fruits,vegetables,sugar crops,oil crops,etc.,and corresponding production equipment and methods are provided,which could convenience for agricultural precision fertilization and theoretical basis and technical reference for cost saving and efficiency increasing of fertilizer.

小麦专用肥配施改良剂对旱地小麦产量、品质及肥水效率的影响

为探讨小麦专用肥配施改良剂的肥效,明确其对旱地强筋小麦产量、根系发育、品质及养分、肥水效率的影响,于2021—2023年定位研究了不施氮肥(CK)、农民习惯施肥(FP)、小麦专用肥(T1)、小麦专用肥+秸秆原位腐熟剂(T2)、小麦专用肥+秸秆原位腐熟剂+羧甲基纤维素钾(T3)处理下,旱地强筋小麦的产量及其构成、根系发育、品质及养分、肥水效率。结果表明:与FP处理相比,T2、T3处理籽粒产量及其构成因素均呈上升趋势,分别增产5.89%和11.53%;地上部生物量分别增加3.67%和4.26%;蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和籽粒养分均有所增加;氮肥农学效率分别提高43.42%和70.55%;肥料偏生产力分别增加5.93%和7.77%;氮肥利用率分别提高10.78个百分点和27.73个百分点;经济效益分别增长5.13%和12.01%。T2处理下,面团的粉质特性和拉伸特性指标均表现最好。研究表明,N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O配比为21∶18∶5的小麦专用肥配施秸秆腐熟剂和保水剂可提高旱地小麦产量和肥水效率。

剑麻专用肥对石漠化山区剑麻生长及产量的影响

石漠化山区自然条件恶劣,剑麻具备耐瘠薄、耐旱、综合利用价值高、发展前景广阔等特点,成为石漠化山区产业扶贫的较好选择。试验结果表明,剑麻新增叶片数、叶长和鲜叶产量随专用肥施入量增加而增加,每株剑麻施用专用肥量为200 g时,鲜叶产量、经济效益最高。该结论为石漠化山区剑麻高产栽培技术提供技术参考。

专用肥用量对油菜籽产量及品质的影响

肥料是保障农作物生长的重要物质基础,油菜专用配方肥施用作为油菜轻简化种植的关键技术在生产中广泛应用,明确兼顾丰产和优质双重目标的油菜专用配方肥适宜用量将为油菜绿色高质生产提供关键技术支撑。通过2020-2021年在湖北省江陵县、沙洋县及洪湖市等3个地点的田间试验,设置了0、450、600、750和900 kg/hm^(2)5个肥料用量,研究不同专用配方肥用量对油菜产量、产量构成因子、养分含量及品质的影响。施用专用配方肥可显著提高单株角果数、每角粒数及千粒重,进而提升油菜籽产量。与不施肥处理相比,专用配方肥施用量为900kg/hm^(2)时,单株角果数、每角粒数及千粒重平均值分别增加277.4%、17.9%和9.2%,油菜籽增产率达300%。油菜专用配方肥的施用显著影响了油菜籽油分及蛋白质含量,与不施肥处理相比,油菜籽蛋白质含量在专用配方肥用量为900 kg/hm^(2)时最高,增长率为16.0%~34.6%,而含油量最低,相较于不施肥降低了4.4%~11.6%。相关性分析表明,增施专用肥显著增加了油菜籽产量、含水率、蛋白质、芥酸及脂肪酸组成,减少了油菜籽硫甙含量。兼顾产量、油菜籽品质和饲用等方面,专用肥用量控制在750~900 kg/hm^(2)时,能够在获得较高的菜籽产量及蛋白质产量的同时,菜籽中硫甙、芥酸及饱和脂肪酸的生成增幅较小并提高了产油量。要在油菜增产的基础上继续追求品质提升,可结合不同地力条件,适量增加中微量元素,以进一步提高油菜籽含油率和改善脂肪酸的组成,实现产量与品质的协同。

有机无机肥料配施对生姜养分吸收和产量及品质的影响

我国生姜生产中不合理施肥现象普遍,研究不同有机无机肥用量及配比对生姜生长、营养品质及其产量的影响可为生姜高效施肥和优质生产提供参考依据,同时,也是提高生姜生产效益、保护生态环境的重要措施。在大田条件下,以山东莱芜大姜(Zingiber Officinale Roscoe)为供试材料,以有机肥和无机肥为试验因子,采用2因素3水平完全区组设计,即分别设计有机和无机肥料低、中、高3种施肥水平共9组处理组合的专用肥,进行田间小区试验。所有有机肥和无机肥均作为基肥。在生姜成熟时随机采取各小区3株生姜样品,分别测定其生长参数、养分吸收量、品质指标和产量。研究发现,各种有机无机肥配施的生姜专用肥均促进生姜生长发育,提高N、P、K、Fe、Zn等矿质元素的吸收、改善生姜品质,并增加生姜产量。综合比较以T6(有机肥45 t·hm^(-2)+复合肥2.25 t·hm^(-2),即施用有机肥N+P_(2)O_(5)+K_(2)O=400.5+1390.5+1165.5 kg·hm^(-2),配施复合肥N+P_(2)O_(5)+K_(2)O=337.5+135+450 kg·hm^(-2))处理总体效果最好,是最佳肥料处理组合。与对照相比,提高了成熟期地上部和姜块N、P、K含量,分别为30.07%和25.57%、31.73%和67.68%、43.33%和62.37%;提高姜块可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、姜辣素和姜黄素含量分别为32.42%、54.15%、35.10%和49.25%;各处理生姜增产达到15.76%~66.38%。试验结果表明,有机无机肥配施可有效促进生姜生长,提高生姜养分吸收,改善姜块品质,增加生姜产量。综合考虑,以有机肥45 t·hm^(-2)+复合肥2.25 t·hm^(-2)为最佳农艺施肥方案,建议在相关地区推广应用。

桃专用有机肥及配套施肥技术对桃园土壤理化性质及收益的影响

旨在比较桃专用有机肥及配套施肥技术与化肥、农家肥对桃园土壤理化性质、鲜桃产量及效益的影响。在10 a生桃园(品种:浅涧白桃)基肥设置为,化肥(CK)、农家肥(T_(1))、桃专用有机肥及配套施肥(T_(2))3个处理组(各处理追肥相同)。结果显示,T_(1)和T_(2)处理与CK相比均降低土壤体积质量,增加土壤贮水量,显著提高土壤有机质含量,在0~20 cm土层中有机质较CK分别提高36.77%和33.73%;T_(2)处理提高土壤中速效养分含量,其0~60 cm土层碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾平均含量分别较CK提高7.34%、9.05%、5.90%;各处理桃年均产量为T_(2)>T_(1)≥CK,T_(2)处理的果实含糖量达到23°,糖酸比为33.23;专用肥及配套施肥技术能显著提高鲜桃的产量和品质,改善桃园土壤结构,提高土壤肥力。

鄂中地区油菜专用肥施用效果

为明确油菜(Brassica napus L.)专用肥对鄂中地区直播油菜产量的提升效果,于2019—2021年在湖北省沙洋县开展了连续2年的田间试验,设置了不施肥、常规施肥、宜施壮专用肥和洋丰专用肥4个施肥处理,考察各处理下成熟期油菜产量、地上部生物量、地上部养分含量、地上部养分积累量以及肥料偏生产力等的差异。结果表明,与不施肥对照相比,常规施肥和专用肥处理均能显著提高油菜子产量;与常规施肥相比,专用肥处理总养分投入减少了41.3%,而两者油菜子产量无明显差异。施肥显著增加了油菜地上部生物量,促进了油菜地上部对养分的吸收。油菜专用肥处理显著提高了肥料偏生产力,与常规施肥处理相比,宜施壮专用肥和洋丰专用肥处理平均肥料偏生产力在2019—2020年、2020—2021年分别提高了80.6%和68.2%。综上所述,油菜专用肥在保障油菜高产稳产的同时,提高了肥料利用率。

不同特肥配施在促进玉米生长中的效应研究

[目的]本文旨在研究不同特肥产品的养分效应及其施用方法,为玉米高产栽培提供理论依据。[方法]以市场主流特肥产品为研究对象,按其功能分类后布置盆栽试验,测试特肥产品对玉米生长的促进作用。通过Pearson相关性分析和主成分分析对玉米的14个指标进行综合评价,筛选出优质高效的特肥产品并予以复配施用。试验设10个处理:CK1(不施肥)、CK2(常规施肥)、T1(有机肥O12+无机肥I3+生物刺激素M7)、T2(有机肥O12+无机肥I5+生物刺激素M7)、T3(有机肥O12+无机肥I5+生物刺激素M1)、T4(有机肥O12+无机肥I3+生物刺激素M1)、T5(有机肥O2+无机肥I3+生物刺激素M7)、T6(有机肥O2+无机肥I5+生物刺激素M7)、T7(有机肥O2+无机肥I5+生物刺激素M1)、T8(有机肥O2+无机肥I3+生物刺激素M1),每处理3次重复,按随机区组排列设计。[结果]与CK1处理相比,特肥处理显著增加土壤的速效氮、有效磷、速效钾含量(P<0.05),然而CK2处理土壤的速效氮、有效磷、速效钾含量在整个生育期中均维持最高水平,6叶期(35 d)时分别达到46.0、38.9和179.6 mg·kg^(-1)。玉米根系扫描结果显示,T4处理对玉米根系发育具有明显促进作用,与CK2处理相比,其总根长、根体积、根总表面积、根尖数均显著增加,其增幅分别为35.5%、43.9%、42.2%和28.9%。各特肥处理也均促进了玉米对矿物质营养的吸收利用,根、茎、叶的N、P、K^(+)、Ca^(2+)、Na^(+)、Mg^(2+)等元素含量明显增加。同时,特肥处理均显著促进玉米生长,其中T4处理均显著增加玉米株高、茎粗、茎叶鲜重、根鲜重。[结论]由有机肥、无机肥、生物刺激素复配而成的特肥能促进玉米营养吸收,协调玉米根系与茎叶生长,其中T4处理(3.0 t·hm^(-2)有机肥O12+45.0 kg·hm^(-2)无机肥I3+稀释20 000倍生物刺激素M1复配)为玉米最佳特肥施用方法。

专用生物有机肥对衰弱症杨梅土壤改良及果实品质提升的作用

近年来出现的杨梅新型衰弱症可导致树体落叶、死亡,并降低杨梅果实品质和产量。施用针对性的生物有机肥或可解决由此衰弱症状导致的问题。该研究基于前期调查,针对杨梅果树生长的特殊营养需求,研发并施用以商品蚕沙为有机肥载体,分别复配以地衣芽孢杆菌、贝莱斯芽孢杆菌、叶状微杆菌为主的微生物菌群而成的3种专用生物有机肥初级产品,通过对患衰弱症树体的根际土壤性质、杨梅果实相关指标的测定,探究专用生物有机肥初级产品对土壤改良以及果实品质提升的作用。结果表明,相较于施用复合肥的对照组,施用3种生物有机肥初级产品均可改善杨梅种植土壤的酸化问题,使土壤pH值有效提高约0.2;增加土壤有效态氮、有效态磷、有效态钾含量,并保持土壤有机质含量,显著提升土壤肥力。同时,杨梅果实中可溶性固形物含量分别提高1.44、1.70、1.47百分点,最大单果重达22.5 g,且果实硬度降低、口感提升。以上研究为研发杨梅专用生物有机肥从而降低杨梅新型衰弱症造成的不利影响提供理论和应用基础。

水稻施肥效果及肥料利用率研究

为了明确不同肥料对水稻产量及植株氮磷钾含量的影响,选用天禾水稻专用配方肥(24-7-19)和雅冉复合肥(15-15-15)作为试验材料,进行了施肥效果及肥料利用率研究。结果表明:2种肥料均可以提高水稻产量,各养分元素对产量的贡献率大致表现为氮>钾>磷,表明水稻生产中要特别注意氮素和钾素的投入;总体来看,天禾水稻专用配方肥(24-7-19)的表观利用率、生理效率、农学效率、产量贡献率和偏生产力均高于雅冉复合肥(15-15-15),表明水稻生产中可使用水稻专用配方肥替代普通复合肥。

新型烟草专用基肥对郴州烤烟生长及产质量的影响

为探究新型烟草专用基肥配方对烤烟生长发育及产质量的影响。以云烟87为试验材料,分别在郴州市桂阳县和安仁县进行田间小区试验,研究了不同新型专用基肥配方对烤烟农艺、经济性状及化学品质的影响。结果表明:新型专用基肥配方2号对于烟株生长发育促进作用效果最佳,可提高株高1.72%~1.97%,有效叶片数2.24%~3.32%,茎围4.03%~9.23%;在桂阳烟区施用新型专用基肥配方2号对于改善烟叶化学品质及提高烤烟产量、产值、上等烟比例和均价方面效果较佳,可提升烤烟产量7.94%和产值8.78%;在安仁烟区施用新型专用基肥配方3号,提升烤烟产值、上等烟比例和均价方面效果较佳,可提高烤烟产值6.13%和上等烟比例9.98%。

1%噻虫胺·氟氯氰菊酯颗粒剂特种药肥对小麦虫害防治及生长影响试验

噻虫胺是一种新烟碱类杀虫剂,是一类高效安全、高选择性的新型杀虫剂,具有触杀、胃毒和内吸活性;氟氯氰菊酯是一种含氟、低毒并有一定抑螨活性的合成拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂,具有触杀和胃毒作用,无内吸及熏蒸作用,杀虫谱广,击倒迅速,持效期长。为了探索1%噻虫胺·氟氯氰菊酯颗粒剂特种药肥对小麦虫害及生长影响,将1%噻虫胺·氟氯氰菊酯颗粒剂设置成不同处理进行小麦大田试验,研究其对小麦害虫的防治效果,并观察对小麦生长的影响。研究结果表明,1%噻虫胺·氟氯氰菊酯颗粒剂对小麦地下害虫防治率88.30%±0.98%,对蚜虫防治率80.51%,而且对小麦具有明显的增产作用,最高增产率9.59%。

SSR Cluster and Fertility Loci Analysis of GC13

[Objective] The research aimed to clarify the genetic mechanism of special wide compatibility of GC13.[Method] The clustering analyses of GC13,five indica,five japonica and five wide compatibility varieties were carried out by using 70 SSR primers.[Result] GC13 was clustered into japonica group and had far genetic relationship with indica and wide compatibility variety.Two fertility loci were detected in GC13,in which one closely linked to RM225 on chromosome 6.According to the position on the chromosome,it speculated that this locus was allelic to S5.GC13 carried the allelic gene S5-n at this locus.The other locus closely linked to RM408 on chromosome 8 and was provisionally designated as Sg(t).At this locus,GC13 carried Sg(t)-i allelic gene,which was consistent with IR36.The effect of S5 locus was stronger than that of Sg(t).[Conclusion] The research laid the good foundation for using the wide compatibility line GC13 to breed the hybrid between subspecies.

氮肥优化对凤头姜产量和养分吸收利用的影响

通过2年田间试验,研究了来凤县凤头姜最佳施氮量及优化施肥对凤头姜产量和养分吸收利用的影响。结果表明,随着施氮量的增加,凤头姜产量、干物质量和氮素累积量均呈先增加后降低的变化趋势,且以450~495 kg/hm2施氮量为最佳。不同施氮量对凤头姜氮素利用效率和氮素农学利用率的影响不显著,但是增加施氮量却降低了氮肥偏生产力。与常规施肥(CF)相比,专用肥(SF)和缓控释肥(SRF)处理凤头姜产量分别增加了25.23%和13.96%,专用肥能够获得更高的干物质量和氮素累积量。较常规施肥而言,专用肥处理氮素利用效率、氮素农学利用率和氮肥偏生产力分别增加了19.33%、62.58%和25.23%,而缓控释肥处理则分别增加了13.33%、34.66%和13.96%。

草莓专用叶面肥对基质栽培草莓生长、产量和品质的影响

为解决草莓基质栽培生产中的根区施肥难以满足草莓正常生长需求的问题,在京郊基质栽培模式下,研究了草莓专用叶面肥对草莓缺钙情况、产量和品质的影响。结果表明:喷施草莓专用叶面肥可以有效补充钙素营养,显著降低缺钙症状的发生率,草莓总产量、单株结果数、单果质量可分别显著提高17.6%、7.9%、8.9%;同时,能显著提高草莓各茬果实的糖度和糖酸比,改善草莓风味和品质,是实现草莓高产、优质、安全、高效生产的技术途径。

湘西烟区新型烟草专用肥的应用效果

为研究新型烟草专用基肥对烤烟生长及产质量的影响,以云烟87为试验材料,分别在常德市石门县、张家界市慈利县和湘西自治州花垣县进行田间小区试验,研究了不同新型烟草专用肥对烤烟产质量及经济效益的影响。结果表明:新型烟草专用肥2号对于烟株生长发育促进作用效果最佳,可提高株高2.72%~3.24%、有效叶片数(2.16%~5.17%)和茎围(3.18%~5.75%);新型烟草专用肥3号对于协调烟叶化学品质、提升烤烟产量、中上等烟比例和均价方面效果最佳,可使烤烟产量提升3.90%~10.02%,中上等烟比例提高1.12%~4.42%。综合各项指标,新型烟草专用基肥3号更适合湘西烟区。