The dramatic changes in the Arctic climate system during recent decades are one of the most prominent features of global climate change.Two most striking and fundamental characteristics are the amplified near-surface ...The dramatic changes in the Arctic climate system during recent decades are one of the most prominent features of global climate change.Two most striking and fundamental characteristics are the amplified near-surface warming at a rate twice the global average since the mid 20th century(e.g.,Blunden and Arndt,2012;Huang et al.,2017),and the rapid展开更多
Forty years ago, Klaus Wyrtki （1975） of University of Hawaii discovered that E1 Nifio warming off South America is not a result of local wind change but a response to the relaxed equatorial trade winds some 10 000 k...Forty years ago, Klaus Wyrtki （1975） of University of Hawaii discovered that E1 Nifio warming off South America is not a result of local wind change but a response to the relaxed equatorial trade winds some 10 000 km away near the international dateline. The Kelvin wave mechanism was quickly verified from wind-forced ocean model simulations. Consequent develop- ments show that the dance between the fast-reacting atmosphere and slow-evolving ocean sets the pace of E1 Nifio-Southern Oscillation （ENSO; Philander, 1990）. The concept of ocean-atmosphere interaction has revolutionized our view of the climate system and led to operational climate prediction.展开更多
This special issue of Advances in Atmospheric Sciences provides a selection of research highlights from the Climate Science for Service Partnership China （CSSP China）. This pioneering partnership between China and U...This special issue of Advances in Atmospheric Sciences provides a selection of research highlights from the Climate Science for Service Partnership China （CSSP China）. This pioneering partnership between China and UK based researchers has broken new ground in the development of climate science for services. By accelerating and enhancing collaborative science, CSSP China has built a strong foundation for services to support climate and weather resilient economic development and social welfare in China and the UK. In presenting some of the collaborative work undertaken in the project, this special issue illustrates the advantages of a sustained and ambitious scientific partnership developing leading edge research to support the climate services of the future. In this preface, we describe the genesis of the CSSP China project to develop science for services, explain the structure of the project, and consider some of the potential legacies.展开更多
Abstract Insect populations are prone to respond to global changes through shifts in phenology, distribution and abundance. However, global changes cover several factors such as climate and land-use, the relative impo...Abstract Insect populations are prone to respond to global changes through shifts in phenology, distribution and abundance. However, global changes cover several factors such as climate and land-use, the relative importance of these being largely unknown. Here, we aim at disentangling the effects of climate, land-use, and geographical drivers on aphid abundance and phenology in France, at a regional scale and over the last 40 years. We used aerial data obtained from suction traps between 1978 and 2015 on five aphid species varying in their degree of specialization to legumes, along with climate, legume crop area and geographical data. Effects of environmental and geographical variables on aphid annual abundance and spring migration dates were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models. We found that within the last four decades, aphids have advanced their spring migration by a month, mostly due to the increase in temperature early in the year, and their abundance decreased by half on average, presumably in response to a combination of factors. The influence of legume crop area decreased with the degree of specialization of the aphid species to such crops. The effect of geographical variation was high even when controlling for environmental variables, suggesting that many other spatially structured processes act on aphid population characteristics. Multifactorial analyses helped to partition the effects of different global change drivers. Climate and land-use changes have strong effects on aphid populations, with important implications for future agriculture. Additionally, trait-based response variation could have major consequences at the community scale.展开更多
为了满足气候监测业务日益突出的个性化资料需求,设计和开发了气候监测业务专题数据服务系统。在分析用户资料需求的基础上,重点介绍了系统的设计思路和实现技术。该系统由1个专题数据支撑库和4个功能模块组成,包括资料更新发现、专题...为了满足气候监测业务日益突出的个性化资料需求,设计和开发了气候监测业务专题数据服务系统。在分析用户资料需求的基础上,重点介绍了系统的设计思路和实现技术。该系统由1个专题数据支撑库和4个功能模块组成,包括资料更新发现、专题数据集制作、数据服务和任务调度,其中,专题数据集制作方法和3种任务调度模式是系统设计的核心。系统实现采用SSH(Struts Spring Hibernate)框架,按数据访问层、业务逻辑层和交互表现层进行分层实现;同时,结合DWR(Direct Web Remoting)技术实现了同步异步交互方式,使用灵活的配置管理加强系统的可扩展性。系统投入运行后,已制作出13个专题数据集,提供了良好的数据服务。展开更多
40~30 ka BP在过去被认为是末次冰期的间冰阶,温度稍高,但仍在冰期内.20世纪90年代西昆仑山古里雅冰芯记录研究首次指出,当时气温可能高出现代4℃,即为以前所不知的间冰期.追踪同期湖泊沉积,孢粉与古生物,黄土与沙漠地区古土壤,石灰岩...40~30 ka BP在过去被认为是末次冰期的间冰阶,温度稍高,但仍在冰期内.20世纪90年代西昆仑山古里雅冰芯记录研究首次指出,当时气温可能高出现代4℃,即为以前所不知的间冰期.追踪同期湖泊沉积,孢粉与古生物,黄土与沙漠地区古土壤,石灰岩洞穴中石笋,古河道,滨海地区海相沉积等多种记录,集成研究表明,当时青藏高原与西北干旱区有许多淡水大湖,降水量远比现代丰沛,导致外流水系扩大,如青海境内的黄河上游水系形成.暖湿的气候条下,森林分布区向北向西大范围扩展,华南热带喜湿热的陆均松(Dacrydiumsp.)北界移至22°~24°N,表明当时热带气温高于现代2℃左右,降水量也有较大增加.长江下游石笋资料和北方半干旱、半湿润区的植物、古土壤、河道沉积资料均表示降水增加,森林覆盖度大.由于冰川和极地冰盖萎缩,海平面上升,给合若干地区地面沉降,海河下游、长江三角洲和珠江三角洲均出现相当规模的海侵.上述涉及全中国的特殊暖湿环境的形成与地球轨道运行岁差周期变化导致中低纬度日射增强,致使温度升高,季风区与西风带降水量都有显著增加关系密切,而植被改善又对温度和湿度有正反馈作用.展开更多
文摘The dramatic changes in the Arctic climate system during recent decades are one of the most prominent features of global climate change.Two most striking and fundamental characteristics are the amplified near-surface warming at a rate twice the global average since the mid 20th century(e.g.,Blunden and Arndt,2012;Huang et al.,2017),and the rapid
文摘Forty years ago, Klaus Wyrtki （1975） of University of Hawaii discovered that E1 Nifio warming off South America is not a result of local wind change but a response to the relaxed equatorial trade winds some 10 000 km away near the international dateline. The Kelvin wave mechanism was quickly verified from wind-forced ocean model simulations. Consequent develop- ments show that the dance between the fast-reacting atmosphere and slow-evolving ocean sets the pace of E1 Nifio-Southern Oscillation （ENSO; Philander, 1990）. The concept of ocean-atmosphere interaction has revolutionized our view of the climate system and led to operational climate prediction.
文摘This special issue of Advances in Atmospheric Sciences provides a selection of research highlights from the Climate Science for Service Partnership China （CSSP China）. This pioneering partnership between China and UK based researchers has broken new ground in the development of climate science for services. By accelerating and enhancing collaborative science, CSSP China has built a strong foundation for services to support climate and weather resilient economic development and social welfare in China and the UK. In presenting some of the collaborative work undertaken in the project, this special issue illustrates the advantages of a sustained and ambitious scientific partnership developing leading edge research to support the climate services of the future. In this preface, we describe the genesis of the CSSP China project to develop science for services, explain the structure of the project, and consider some of the potential legacies.
文摘Abstract Insect populations are prone to respond to global changes through shifts in phenology, distribution and abundance. However, global changes cover several factors such as climate and land-use, the relative importance of these being largely unknown. Here, we aim at disentangling the effects of climate, land-use, and geographical drivers on aphid abundance and phenology in France, at a regional scale and over the last 40 years. We used aerial data obtained from suction traps between 1978 and 2015 on five aphid species varying in their degree of specialization to legumes, along with climate, legume crop area and geographical data. Effects of environmental and geographical variables on aphid annual abundance and spring migration dates were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models. We found that within the last four decades, aphids have advanced their spring migration by a month, mostly due to the increase in temperature early in the year, and their abundance decreased by half on average, presumably in response to a combination of factors. The influence of legume crop area decreased with the degree of specialization of the aphid species to such crops. The effect of geographical variation was high even when controlling for environmental variables, suggesting that many other spatially structured processes act on aphid population characteristics. Multifactorial analyses helped to partition the effects of different global change drivers. Climate and land-use changes have strong effects on aphid populations, with important implications for future agriculture. Additionally, trait-based response variation could have major consequences at the community scale.
文摘为了满足气候监测业务日益突出的个性化资料需求,设计和开发了气候监测业务专题数据服务系统。在分析用户资料需求的基础上,重点介绍了系统的设计思路和实现技术。该系统由1个专题数据支撑库和4个功能模块组成,包括资料更新发现、专题数据集制作、数据服务和任务调度,其中,专题数据集制作方法和3种任务调度模式是系统设计的核心。系统实现采用SSH(Struts Spring Hibernate)框架,按数据访问层、业务逻辑层和交互表现层进行分层实现;同时,结合DWR(Direct Web Remoting)技术实现了同步异步交互方式,使用灵活的配置管理加强系统的可扩展性。系统投入运行后,已制作出13个专题数据集,提供了良好的数据服务。
文摘40~30 ka BP在过去被认为是末次冰期的间冰阶,温度稍高,但仍在冰期内.20世纪90年代西昆仑山古里雅冰芯记录研究首次指出,当时气温可能高出现代4℃,即为以前所不知的间冰期.追踪同期湖泊沉积,孢粉与古生物,黄土与沙漠地区古土壤,石灰岩洞穴中石笋,古河道,滨海地区海相沉积等多种记录,集成研究表明,当时青藏高原与西北干旱区有许多淡水大湖,降水量远比现代丰沛,导致外流水系扩大,如青海境内的黄河上游水系形成.暖湿的气候条下,森林分布区向北向西大范围扩展,华南热带喜湿热的陆均松(Dacrydiumsp.)北界移至22°~24°N,表明当时热带气温高于现代2℃左右,降水量也有较大增加.长江下游石笋资料和北方半干旱、半湿润区的植物、古土壤、河道沉积资料均表示降水增加,森林覆盖度大.由于冰川和极地冰盖萎缩,海平面上升,给合若干地区地面沉降,海河下游、长江三角洲和珠江三角洲均出现相当规模的海侵.上述涉及全中国的特殊暖湿环境的形成与地球轨道运行岁差周期变化导致中低纬度日射增强,致使温度升高,季风区与西风带降水量都有显著增加关系密切,而植被改善又对温度和湿度有正反馈作用.
