Epidemiological Aspects of Diabetic Retinopathy at the Center of the Application of the Diploma of Specialised Studies in Ophthalmology (Cadeso)/Donka-Conakry

Purpose: The authors analyzed the epidemiological and clinical aspects of diabetic retinopathy at the Center for the Application of the Specialized Studies Diploma in Ophthalmology, Gamal Abdel Nasser University (CHU/ Donka) Conakry. Diabetic retinopathy (eye damage: eye and retina) is a serious complication of diabetes that affects 50% of type 2 diabetic patients. The eyes are particularly sensitive to damage to a small vessel. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the retinal localization of diabetic micro angiopathy resulting in impaired blood flow in the affected territories, the consequences of which will determine the clinical manifestations of the disease. DR is the leading cause of vision loss in adults of working age. Patients and Methods: This is a longitudinal prospective study carried out at CADES/O concerning 198 diabetic patients. The selection criteria were that the media be transparent and the fundus accessible over a period of six months from February to July 2018. Results: A total of 73 patients (37%) presented with diabetic retinopathy with an average age of 49.5 +/−9 years. The sex ratio (M/F) was 0.6 with a female predominance of 59%. Liberal profession patients were the most numerous 47.5%. Type 2 diabetes was the most common (85.86%). Diabetes fundus assessment was the most common reason for consultation (52%). Arterial hypertension was the most incriminated risk factor (45.45%) followed by the poor balance of diabetes (40.90%), and the age of diabetes (28.28%). 9.5% had diabetic retinopathy complicated by rubella iris, neovascular glaucoma and retinal detachment. Conclusion: Diabetic retinopathy is a common condition for which early detection and regular monitoring must be the rule to prevent, slow down or avoids irreversible blindness if possible, induced by this pathology by a good balance of diabetes and good control of associated risk factors.

School Support Services Model for Students With Disabilities in General Education Classrooms： Using Data From the Special Needs Education Longitudinal Study in Taiwan

The purposes of this study were to establish a school support service model for students with disabilities in general classroom, and to explore the current status of school support services provided for students with disabilities in preschools, primary, and junior high schools. Therefore, this study used data from the Special Needs Education Longitudinal Study in Taiwan, collected in the 2007-2008 academic year. There were 2,924 students with disabilities selected in the study who were placed in general classrooms; 855 were in preschool, 1,079 were in primary school and 990 were in junior high school. The questionnaires in the database were answered by their teachers. The results of this study are listed, as follows： In terms of the school support service model for students with disabilities in the three stages of education, adjustment in teaching accounts for 1-15% of the explanatory power regarding the overall model, while support services account for 63-85%, which peak in junior high schools. Secondly, itinerant teachers are found to be the most important human resource in preschools. For primary and junior high schools, parents and special education teachers are the more prevalent influences. The more common school support services are tuition refunds, itinerant services, adjustments in examinations, and scholarships.

An SIMS Study on the Fingerprint Characteristics of Minerals with Special Reference to Minerals from the Jinningian Granites in the Yunnan Sector of the Xikang-Yunnan Axis

In this paper such minerals as apatite, zircon and biotite from granites were determined and analyzed bysecondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) for their isotopic ages, REE composition, trace elements and volatilecomponents with an attempt to shed light on the origin and formation environments of the Jinningian granitesin the Yunnan sector of the Kangdian (Xikang- Yunnan) earth's axis. The results show that the apatites,zircons and biotites of different geneses possess different fingerprint characteristics. Some correlations havebeen found between trace elements and volatile components contained in the minerals from granties.

LIU Chang-xiao

Academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering Editor-in-chief of Chinese Herbal Medicines(CHM)Honorary president and director of Academic Committee of TianjinInstitute of Pharmaceutical Research,Tianjin300193,China Tel/Fax:+86-22-23006860 E-mail:liuchangxiao@163.com Professor LIU Chang-Xiao,