Leaf area index estimated by direct, semi-direct, and indirect methods in European beech and sycamore maple stands

Leaf area index(LAI)is one of the most important characteristics of forest stands that affects the fundamentals of tree physiological processes,biomass production,and mechanical stability.The LAI results obtained by the semi-direct and indirect methods(the needle technique and an LAI-2000 PCA)in three European beech(Fagus sylvatica L.)stands and one sycamore maple(Acer pseudoplatanus L.)stand were compared with LAI estimated by litter traps during the 2013 growing season.Seasonal LAI was estimated using an LAI-2000 PCA which showed similar trends among the stands and strongly corresponded to phenological phases of deciduous stands in Europe,with the fastest rate of leaf area increment occurring during the first month following bud break.During the growing season,maximum stand LAI value was on June 19th and reached 4.5–5.1,and 4.0 in the beech and maple stands,respectively.The needle technique significantly underestimated(p<0.05)direct LAI on average by 22.0% and 40.0% in the beech and maple stands,respectively.The LAI-2000 PCA insignificantly underestimated(p>05)LAI on average by 15.1%and 5.8%in the beech and maple stands,respectively.All methods for LAI estimation at the stand level could be applicable in deciduous forest stands(beech,maple)with similar site and stand characteristics.However,calibration by direct method is necessary to obtain the required precision.

Allometric equations for estimating leaf area index(LAI) of two important tropical species(Tectona grandis and Dendrocalamus strictus)

Leaf area index（LAI） of Teak（Tectona grandis） and Bamboo（Dendrocalamus strictus） grown in Shoolpaneshwar Wildlife Sanctuary of Narmada District,Gujarat,India was obtained by destructive sampling,photo-grid method and by litter trap method.An allometric equation（between leaf area by litter trap method and canopy spread area） was developed for the determination of LAI.Results show that LAI value calculated by the developed allometric equation was similar to that estimated by destructive sampling and photo-grid method,with Root Mean Square Error（RMSE） of 0.90 and 1.15 for Teak,and 0.38 and 0.46 for Bamboo,respectively.There was a perfect match in both the LAI values（estimated and calculated）,indicating the accuracy of the developed equations for both the species.In conclusion,canopy spread is a better and sensitive parameter to estimate leaf area of trees.The developed equations can be used for estimating LAI of Teak and Bamboo in tropics.

增加光照对林下樟树苗木的影响及作用机理

【目的】揭示增加光照对林下樟树苗木生长的影响,促进退化天然次生林的更新,【方法】选择中上层植物种为常绿阔叶树和苦竹的退化天然次生林,采用伐除苦竹后补植樟树苗木的方法研究增加光照对樟树苗木存活和生长的影响,并通过遮阴试验研究樟树幼苗对光照强度的生理适应机制。【结果】伐除苦竹对林下樟树苗木存活和生长有明显影响,林冠开度由2.36%±0.46%(对照林分)提高到11.37%±0.87%(伐除苦竹林分)时,樟树苗木存活率由16.67%提高到63.89%,地径生长量由0.5 cm提高到0.9 cm,树高生长量由0.16 m提高到0.63 m。在30%~50%遮阴条件下,樟树幼苗高生长显著高于对照(未遮阴)和其他处理的植株,遮阴70%~90%时与对照之间的差异不显著;30%~70%遮阴处理下的叶片数量显著高于对照和90%遮阴处理;叶面积和叶片厚度随着遮阴程度增加而下降,而比叶面积的变化趋势则相反;随着遮阴程度的增加,叶片含水量增加并呈台阶式变化,70%~90%遮阴下的叶片含水量显著高于光照更强的处理。遮阴使樟树幼苗叶片叶绿素a和b含量上升,但遮阴强度达到90%时叶片叶绿素a和b含量出现下降;遮阴强度达到70%及以上时,叶绿素a/b比值低于其他处理。随着遮阴程度上升,樟树幼苗最大净光合速率和表观量子效率均逐渐下降,光补偿点和暗呼吸速率整体呈下降趋势,但有例外(遮阴70%),光饱和点范围为800~1 200 μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),且没有明显变化规律。【结论】在苦竹扩张严重的退化天然次生常绿阔叶林中,伐除苦竹增加林地光照可提高樟树苗木的存活率和生长,有利于林分的更新和提质增效。轻度和中度遮阴条件下,樟树幼苗可通过减少对叶片的投入、降低最大净光合能力及提高叶绿素含量等策略来适应光照限制的生境;强度遮阴将严重抑制樟树幼苗的生长,从控制试验结果看,70%遮阴率是限制樟树幼苗生长的光照强度阈值。

亚热带树种在未成林造林地的凋落物量和周转与叶片性状的关系

【目的】测定亚热带树种的叶片功能性状、凋落叶质量、凋落物量和周转期,揭示叶片性状对凋落物量和周转的影响,为杉木采伐后如何选择造林树种以改善土壤肥力提供科学依据。【方法】选取在二代杉木林采伐迹地营造的17种亚热带树种,测定其在3年生未成林造林地的凋落物量和周转期,同时测定各树种的叶片功能性状(比叶面积、干物质含量、氮含量等)和凋落叶质量(碳氮比、单宁含量、可溶性糖含量等),建立叶片性状与凋落物量和周转期的回归关系。【结果】17种树种中,米老排凋落物量最高(6.67 t·hm^(-2)a^(-1)),杉木凋落物量最低(0 t·hm^(-2)a^(-1));江南桤木凋落叶周转期最短(0.09年);深山含笑凋落叶周转期最长(1.09年)。凋落物量随比叶面积增加而增加,随叶氮含量增加而降低;凋落叶周转期随凋落叶碳氮比和单宁含量增加而增加,随凋落叶最大持水率增加而降低。【结论】在亚热带未成林造林地中,凋落物量受比叶面积和叶氮含量的影响,凋落叶周转期受凋落叶碳氮比、单宁含量和最大持水率的影响;杉木在未成林造林地阶段的凋落物归还量极少。经营亚热带人工林时,要考虑种植比叶面积和凋落叶最大持水能力较高、凋落叶单宁含量和碳氮比较低的树种,以提高林地凋落物归还量和周转速率,改善退化人工林的土壤肥力。

北京山区黄栌叶片水分和光能利用效率季节变化及影响因子

未来气候变化将影响光合环境资源供给,尤其是水分和光能。为深入了解植物对气候变化的适应性,使用LI-6800便携式光合仪,于2021年5-10月份(完全展叶期)测定了北京山区广布灌木黄栌(Cotinus coggygria)叶片的光响应曲线,分析其水分利用效率(WUE=最大净光合速率[P_(nmax)]/气孔导度[g_(s)])和光能利用效率(LUE)的季节变化特征及影响因子。结果显示:黄栌叶片WUE在5-6月份呈下降趋势,7-10月份比较稳定;LUE在5-7月份呈上升趋势,8-10月份比较稳定。WUE和LUE的生长季平均值分别为98.25μmol/mol和0.06 mol/mol,变异系数分别为22%和17%,两者呈负相关(R^(2)=0.86;P<0.01)。环境因子中,WUE和LUE主要受土壤含水量(SWC)影响,WUE随SWC增加呈线性降低趋势,而LUE随SWC增加呈线性增加趋势。SWC每增加0.1 m^(3)/m^(3),P_(nmax)和g_(s)分别线性增加4.23μmol m^(-2)s^(-1)和0.07 mol m^(-2)s^(-1),即g_(s)对SWC变化的敏感性比P_(nmax)高。光合有效辐射(PAR)对WUE和LUE的影响不显著。生物因子中,比叶面积(SLA)是影响WUE和LUE的主要因子,WUE随SLA上升而上升,LUE随SLA上升而下降。叶氮含量(LNC)与WUE和LUE均不显著相关。SWC和SLA双因子线性回归模型均可以较好模拟WUE和LUE的季节变化,解释度分别为91%和71%,且其中SWC的标准回归系数较大,说明SWC是影响WUE和LUE变异的主导因子。结果表明SWC是限制黄栌叶片WUE和LUE的主要环境因子,SLA是调控WUE和LUE的关键生物因子,其中SWC起主要调控作用。研究结果利于深入了解北京山区灌木生态功能对未来气候变化的响应。

花生叶面积指数精准快速监测方法研究

为探索适用于花生叶面积指数快速精准测量方法,基于田间调查实测数据,分别采用网格法、比叶重法、系数法、AutoCAD法以及扫描法等5种方法计算了花生不同生育时期的叶面积指数,并以基于扫描法的估算结果为对照,评价了基于其他4种监测方法估算结果的精度,并优化了系数法和比叶重法调查花生叶面积的关键技术指标。结果表明,比叶重法精度较高、监测速度较快、可操作性强,利用比叶重法监测花生叶面积指数,苗期、花针期、结荚期和饱果期叶片取样数分别为24、30、24和30片,相对误差分别为4.13%、4.07%、0.02%和0.13%,标准均方根误差为7.494%,适宜的干重比系数分别为150.00、143.26、187.58和157.20 cm^(2)/g。比叶重法是适宜于花生叶面积快速精准测量的方法。

泛中亚干旱区植物比叶面积观测数据集

泛中亚干旱区的气候复杂多变,植被具有较高的生态敏感性。比叶面积(Specific leaf area,SLA)是反映植物获取资源和适应环境能力的关键叶功能性状,已被广泛应用于植被响应环境变化研究。本数据集收集了2000–2023年泛中亚干旱区公开发表的植物比叶面积的文献资料,构建了泛中亚干旱区植物比叶面积观测数据集。本数据集包含362个物种共835条比叶面积的观测记录,涵盖落叶阔叶乔木、落叶针叶乔木、常绿阔叶乔木、常绿针叶乔木、落叶阔叶灌木、常绿阔叶灌木和草本植物7种植物功能类型。此外,还包含了采样点经纬度、海拔、地理区域等辅助信息。建立和共享本数据集有助于深入研究干旱区植物对气候变化的响应与适应,理解植物在资源限制性环境中的生存策略,并为生态系统模型优化提供可靠的数据支持。

人工灌-草群落建植初期草本对灌木幼苗的竞争及密度制约效应

在人工灌-草群落建植初期,灌木幼苗生长经常受到草本植物的抑制。为了明确草本植物及其种植密度对灌木幼苗生长特征的影响,为人工灌-草群落构建提供理论依据。本研究以柠条锦鸡儿(Caragana korshinskii Kom.)、荆条(Vitex negundo Var.Heterophylla)、紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa)为研究对象,设置4个草本种植密度,分别比较3种灌木幼苗生长特征在4个草本种植密度处理之间的差异。结果表明:3种灌木幼苗都受到了草本的抑制和草本种植密度的影响,株高与灌木单一种植相比降低幅度达71%~87%;生物量降低达96%以上。此外,3种灌木幼苗在灌-草群落中竞争能力较弱,且在高密度草本植物种植处理中,出现灌木幼苗死亡现象。在构建人工灌-草群落时,以柠条为灌木物种的灌-草群落,草本植物种植密度建议小于200株·m^(-2);荆条和紫穗槐草本植物种植密度建议小于500株·m^(-2)。

西藏拉萨亏组山4种常见植物的比叶面积与叶片含水率:围封和海拔效应

目的 比叶面积和叶片含水率作为衡量植物适应策略的关键生理指标,能够揭示植物对海拔变化和放牧压力的响应机制。该研究以拉萨亏组山四种常见植物—钉柱委陵菜(Potentilla saundersiana)、弱小火绒草(Leontopodium pusillum)、圆穗蓼(Bistorta macrophylla)和缘毛紫菀(Aster souliei)为研究对象,对比分析植物的比叶面积和叶片含水率,旨在探究四种植物在不同海拔和围封生境下的生理生态适应策略。方法 在不同海拔梯度、草地类型(高寒草原、高寒灌丛草甸、高寒草甸)和放牧模式(围封与自然放牧)下对四种植物比叶面积和叶片含水率进行测定和分析。结果 围封样地中,钉柱委陵菜和圆穗蓼的比叶面积随海拔升高无显著变化;自由放牧样地中,钉柱委陵菜和弱小火绒草比叶面积与海拔呈相反趋势。围封样地中,弱小火绒草和圆穗蓼叶片含水率随海拔升高而降低;自由放牧样地中,钉柱委陵菜、弱小火绒草和圆穗蓼叶片含水率均随海拔升高而降低。缘毛紫菀叶片含水率在两种放牧样地中均随海拔升高而降低。不同海拔下,四种植物比叶面积和叶片含水率存在显著差异。自由放牧和围封处理对两种性状有显著影响,围封样地植物比叶面积和叶片含水率普遍高于自由放牧样地。不同草地类型植物的比叶面积和叶片含水率变化具有一定规律性。四种植物比叶面积与海拔总体呈现负相关性,其中圆穗蓼负相关性显著;叶片含水率与海拔之间同样呈现负相关性,其中缘毛紫菀负相关性显著。结论 四种植物通过调整其比叶面积和叶片含水率来适应不同海拔的生态环境,尤其在围封和自由放牧两种不同放牧模式下,这种适应性特征表现得更为突出。这些发现为理解植物如何响应和适应环境变化提供了重要的科学依据。

浦城丹桂冠型因子与叶片性状的相关性分析

运用单因素方差分析、Pearson相关性分析、冗余分析和多元线性回归法对浦城丹桂(Osmanthus fragrans,‘Pucheng Dan’)叶片功能性状指标与冠型因子的相关性进行研究。结果表明:着枝角和分枝率是与叶片功能性状相关性较强的两种冠型因子。着枝角与叶长、叶宽、叶厚、叶面积、叶周长、叶干重和叶鲜重都表现出正相关;分枝率和下级枝数量都与叶长、叶宽、叶面积、叶干重和叶鲜重表现出负相关。树冠圆满度与枝条长度的提高有助于叶片生长,胸径与比叶面积呈负相关,其他冠型因子与叶片功能性状相关性较小。结果表明:浦城丹桂叶片性状受枝条分布情况的影响,一级枝着枝角、下级枝数量与分枝率是与叶片相关性较强的冠型因子,研究结果可为优化浦城丹桂冠型结构提供依据和参考。

10种茶花苗木叶片的主要养分特征与SLA比较

选取广东省佛山林业科学研究所的山茶园中10种茶花为研究对象,对其叶片养分以及比叶面积进行测定分析。结果表明:10种茶花的叶片特征存在差异,茶花叶片中N、P、K、Ca、Mg含量范围分别为9.46~15.55、0.53~1.37、5.03~11.18、3.37~18.62、0.66~1.86 g·kg-1;SLA的范围为35.34~65.57 cm2·g-1;茶花叶片中N/P范围为9.61~17.85、N/K范围为1.18~1.99、K/P范围为5.10~9.92。主成分分析表明:茶花叶片特征排序为皇家天鹅绒>杰作>海泡>皇家天鹅绒>黄绣球>赛桃红>甜香水>烈香>恒丰9号>茶梅>张氏红山茶。

Differences in leaf functional traits between exotic and native Compositae plant species

This study aims to determine the differences in leaf functional traits and phenotypic plasticity of leaf functional traits between exotic and native Compositae plant species. Leaf width of exotic plants was significantly lower than that of native species. Leaf length, specific leaf area(SLA), single-leaf wet and dry weights, leaf moisture, and leaf thickness of exotic plants were also lower than those of native species but not significantly. The leaf shape index of exotic plants was higher than that of native species but not significantly. This implies that the relatively low leaf construction cost for exotic plants may play an important role in the success of their invasions. The higher leaf shape index and lower leaf width of exotic plants can enhance the efficiency of resource capture(especially sunlight capture) via adjustments to leaf shape and size, thereby increasing the survival of exotic plants. The plasticity indices of single-leaf wet weight and leaf thickness of exotic plants were significantly lower than those of native species. The lower phenotypic plasticity of single-leaf wet weight and leaf thickness of exotic plants may be the result of a cost to plasticity. That is, if the plasticity is too high, the fitness of plant species might be reduced sharply under unfavorable environments. Thus, lower plasticity of leaf functional traits may compensate for the negative impact of adverse environments and stabilize leaf construction costs for exotic plants. Moreover, reduced phenotypic plasticity might be one of the key competitive strategies by which exotic plants successfully invade new habitats. Overall, exotic plants did not always exhibit higher values of leaf functional traits or increased phenotypic plasticity of leaf functional traits compared with native species.

Differences in leaf functional traits between red and green leaves of two evergreen shrubs Photinia×fraseri and Osmanthus fragrans

Leaf functional traits are adaptations that enable plants to live under different environmental conditions. This study aims to evaluate the differences in leaf functional traits between red and green leaves of two evergreen shrubs Photinia × fraseri and Osrnanthus fragrans. Specific areas of red leaves are higher than that of green leaves in both species. Thus, the material investment per unit area and per lamina of red leaves is significantly lower than that of green leaves, implying an utmost effort of red leaves to increase light capture and use efficiency because of their low leafchlorophyll concentration. The higher petiole length of green leaves compared with that of red leaves indicates that adult green leaves may have large fractional biomass allocation to support the lamina structures in capturing light with maximum efficiency and obtaining a high growth rate. The high range of the phenotypic plasticity of leaf size, leaf thickness, single-leaf wet and dry weights, and leaf moisture of green leaves may be beneficial in achieving efficient control of water loss and nutrient deprivation. The high range of phenotypic plasticity of leaf chlorophyll concentration of red leaves may be advantageous in increasing resource （especially light） capture anduse efficiency because this leaf type is juvenile in the growth stage and has low leaf-chlorophyll concentration.

Variability of leaf functional traits of invasive tree Rhus typhina L. in North China

Functional traits, specifically leaf functional traits, are core-topics to explore importance to the invasion success of invasive plant species. This study aims to address the differences in leaf functional traits and their corresponding variability of the invasive tree staghorn sumac Rhus typhina L. with different invasion success, including lower and higher invasion success, in two climatic regions in North China, including a warm temperate region and a cold temperate region. No significant differences were found for leaf functional traits of staghorn sumac across different invasion success. However, the variability of leaf chlorophyll and nitrogen concentrations of staghorn sumac under higher invasion success were approximately 66.023% and 68.615% higher than those under lower invasion success, respectively. The leaf chlorophyll and nitrogen concentrations of staghorn sumac in the warm temperate region were approximately 18.432% and 16.337% higher than those in cold temperate region, respectively. The variability of specific leaf area of staghorn sumac in warm temperate region was approximately 59.802% higher than that in cold temperate region. Accordingly, leaf chlorophyll and N concentrations as well as specific leaf area of staghorn sumac and their corresponding variability may play an essential role in shaping ecological success of studied invader along a climatic gradient.

Leaf Morphological and Stomatal Variations in Paper Birch Populations along Environmental Gradients in Canada

Variations in leaf morphology and stomatal characteristics have been extensively studied at both inter- and intraspecific levels although not explicitly in the context of paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh) populations. The birch populations might have developed the leaf variations that allowed them to adapt to a wide climatic gradient. Therefore, in this study we examined variations in the leaf morphological and stomatal characteristics of sixteen paper birch populations collected across Canada and grown in a common garden. We also examined the relationship between these leaf characteristics and the climate of the population’s origin. Significant genotypic differences were found in the leaf characteristics measured among the birch populations. Thus, we expected that the observed leaf variations may be partly explained as natural diversity in the birch due to differences in environment of origin. We noticed that along mean annual precipitation and aridity gradients, hair density on leaf adaxial surface had decreased whereas stomatal density increased significantly. Our results showed that the populations with larger leaf area and specific leaf area had higher hair density but low stomatal density. These leaf characteristics provided a structural basis in reducing water loss through leaves and increasing water use efficiency. A trade-off between stomatal area and density resulted in this study might be a strategy of the birch to balance stomatal conductance in decreased precipitation.

Changes in regeneration and leaf traits of Rhododendron campanulatum along a treeline ecotone in central Nepal

Changes in population structure and plant functional traits across environmental gradient in the near natural treeline is a critical determinant of environmental changes in treelines. In this study we analyzed population characteristics and leaf traits of Rhododendron campanulatum across treeline ecotone in a trans-Himalayan region of Mustang district in central Nepal. Along 4 vertical transects, a total of 72 quadrats(5 m × 5 m)-34 above Betula utilis treeline and 38 below treeline-were sampled to analyze the population structure, regeneration,specific leaf area(SLA) and leaf-stem relationship of R. campanulatum. Our results showed that the regeneration of R. campanulatum was fairly good in both habitats, as evident from density-diameter curve.The species showed type Ⅲ survivorship curve in both habitats with the highest mortality during early stage of life. However, the seedling density and mortality was higher below treeline than above treeline. Canopy cover and basal cover were found to be the major factors affecting regeneration, as indicated by higher number of juveniles in relatively open areas above treeline. The total leaf area increased(p <0.001) with stem cross-section area in both habitats. However, the SLA was higher below treeline(55 cm^2/g) than above(47 cm^2/g)(p < 0.001);it also increased with the canopy cover of trees(R^2 =0.59, p <0.001) below the treeline. In conclusion,high density of juvenile, low mortality of seedlings,and low SLA above treeline indicated that the species has successfully adapted in climatically stressful alpine habitat with potential to expand upward.

Plasticity of leaf morphology of Bruguiera sexangula to salinity zones in Bangladesh's Sundarbans

Bruguiera sexangula(Lour.)Poir is an exclusive evergreen mangrove species to the Sundarbans of Bangladesh.It grows well in moderate saline zones with full sunlight.This study presents leaf morphological plasticity in B.sexangula to saline zones.Leaves were sampled from different saline zones and various morphological traits were measured.The results exposed a wide deviations of leaf size parameters:leaf length varied 6.6–17.3 cm;width 2.7–7.8 cm;upper quarter width 2.2–6.5 cm;down quarter width 2.5–7.3 cm;and petiole length 0.17–1.43 cm.Leaf length was significantly larger in fresh water than in other salinity zones,whereas,leaf width,upper and lower leaf quarters were significantly larger in medium saline zone.Leaf shape parameters showed a large variation among saline zones.Leaf base angle was significantly larger in both medium and strong salinity zones.Tip angle was significantly greater in medium salinity zone.Leaf perimeter was significantly larger in fresh water but leaf area was significantly bigger in medium saline zone.Leaf index and specific leaf area were maximum in moderate saline zone.Plasticity index was the highest in moderate saline for almost all the parameters presented.The ordination(PCA)showed clusters of leaf samples although there were some overlap among them which suggested a salt-stress relationship among salinity zones.The results indicate that B.sexangula had a plasticity strategy on leaf morphological parameters to salinity in the Sundarbans.This study will provide basic information of leaf plasticity of this species among saline zones which will help for site selection of coastal planting and will also provide information for policy makers to take necessary steps for its conservation.

小兴安岭红松胸高断面积生长随树龄的变化规律及主要影响因素

【目的】揭示红松胸高断面积生长随树龄的变化规律,探究其在不同生长阶段的主要影响因素,为理解树龄、环境因子和功能性状在树木生长和经营中的重要性提供科学依据。【方法】于黑龙江凉水国家级自然保护区内采集不同树龄(16~285年)红松样树65株,采用胸高断面积生长率(BAGR)表征树木径向生长,测定树木所处的环境因子(光照强度、土壤养分、土壤含水量、土壤pH)和功能性状(叶、枝、根性状),探究红松胸高断面积生长随树龄的变化规律及主要影响因素。【结果】1)红松BAGR随树龄增加呈先增大后减小的变化趋势,树龄小于220年时BAGR随树龄增加而增大,大于220年时BAGR随树龄增加而减小;2)树龄、光照强度和土壤pH对红松幼龄树(16~100年)BAGR存在正向影响,比叶面积对幼龄树BAGR存在负向影响;3)土壤氮含量和木质密度对红松中龄树(100~220年)BAGR存在显著负向影响;4)树龄显著抑制红松老龄树(大于220年)胸高断面积生长,根氮含量及多年生针叶单位质量氮和磷含量促进老龄树胸高断面积生长,且根氮含量的影响更加显著。【结论】树龄、环境因子和功能性状共同驱动红松径向生长,影响效果随树龄变化而异;限制红松生长的资源条件随树龄增加由光照转为土壤养分和自身生理因素。

立竹密度调控对雷竹林下黄精生长及药用价值的影响

为优化雷竹-黄精复合经营中的立竹密度,以粗放经营的雷竹林为试验区域,设置3种立竹密度,D1(6 000~9 000株·hm^(-2))、D2(9 000~12 000株·hm^(-2))和D3(12 000~15 000株·hm^(-2)),分析了三种立竹密度对黄精的生长发育、生物量积累以及块茎药用价值的影响。研究结果表明:3种立竹密度对黄精的株高、地径、生物量、叶绿素含量以及叶片相对性状均产生了不同程度的影响。在D1密度下,黄精地上部和地下部生物量最大,叶片干物质含量最高,地上及地下部折干率最高;另一方面,3种立竹密度下,黄精总多糖含量和黄精总皂苷含量无显著差异。这项研究阐明立竹密度是影响雷竹林下黄精生长的重要因素,雷竹-黄精复合经营适宜的立竹密度为6 000~9 000株·hm^(-2)。

冬季大龙山林下植物叶片性状与光合特征间的关系

林下植物是森林生态系统的重要组成部分,了解其冬季的叶片性状和光合特征间的关系可为研究林下植物的生理生态功能提供重要理论依据。利用LI-6800型光合荧光测量系统测定了安徽省大龙山国家森林公园内6种优势林下植物(木樨Os⁃manthus fragrans、木莓Rubus swinhoei、野蔷薇Rosa multiflora、樟Cinnamomum camphora、忍冬Lonicera japonica和南天竹Nandina domestica)冬季叶片的最大净光合速率(P_(max))、暗呼吸速率(R_(d))、瞬时碳利用效率(ICUE)、蒸腾速率(T_(r))、气孔导度(G_(s))、胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))、水分利用效率(WUE),气孔限制值(L_(s))及比叶面积(SLA)特征。结果表明:6种林下植物的P_(max)为0.82~7.10μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),R_(d)为0.40~0.65μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),物种间存在显著差异;木莓叶片的ICUE最高为0.94;其次忍冬为0.90;野蔷薇和南天竹分别为0.88和0.84;木樨和樟树幼苗则较低,分别为0.71和0.67;6种林下植物的SLA变化范围为79.56~196.20 cm^(2)·g^(-1),且SLA与P_(max)、ICUE、Tr、Gs间均呈显著的正相关关系,与WUE呈显著负相关关系,但与R_(d)间的相关关系并不显著。总之,木莓和忍冬的ICUE较高,表明其在冬季具有较高的碳利用效率,对本地区环境的适应力较强,而木樨和樟树幼苗ICUE较低,表明其适应能力较差。另外,SLA与林下植物P_(max)及ICUE间存在极显著的正相关关系,这为预测冬季林下植物光合特征的变化提供重要途径。