Data compression plays a key role in optimizing the use of memory storage space and also reducing latency in data transmission. In this paper, we are interested in lossless compression techniques because their perform...Data compression plays a key role in optimizing the use of memory storage space and also reducing latency in data transmission. In this paper, we are interested in lossless compression techniques because their performance is exploited with lossy compression techniques for images and videos generally using a mixed approach. To achieve our intended objective, which is to study the performance of lossless compression methods, we first carried out a literature review, a summary of which enabled us to select the most relevant, namely the following: arithmetic coding, LZW, Tunstall’s algorithm, RLE, BWT, Huffman coding and Shannon-Fano. Secondly, we designed a purposive text dataset with a repeating pattern in order to test the behavior and effectiveness of the selected compression techniques. Thirdly, we designed the compression algorithms and developed the programs (scripts) in Matlab in order to test their performance. Finally, following the tests conducted on relevant data that we constructed according to a deliberate model, the results show that these methods presented in order of performance are very satisfactory:- LZW- Arithmetic coding- Tunstall algorithm- BWT + RLELikewise, it appears that on the one hand, the performance of certain techniques relative to others is strongly linked to the sequencing and/or recurrence of symbols that make up the message, and on the other hand, to the cumulative time of encoding and decoding.展开更多
There are mainly two kinds of equipment to produce synthetic diamond,namely belt press & cubic press.It has been customary in the industry to regard synthetic diamond produced by cubic press is inferior to that ma...There are mainly two kinds of equipment to produce synthetic diamond,namely belt press & cubic press.It has been customary in the industry to regard synthetic diamond produced by cubic press is inferior to that made by belt press.With the on-going improvement in technology,know-how & accumulated experiences, perhaps it’ s time for us to review the qualities & performances of synthetic diamond made by the cubic press more objectively.Studies were carried out on the performances of the two kinds of diamond by choosing from top brands & top qualities,with coarser mesh sizes 20/30 & 30/40.Comparisons were made on parameters, such as TI,TTI,PPC,bulk density,compact,roughness and arealight.And the diamonds chosen were used to produce the relevant diamond core drill bits and saw blades,their respective cutting performances such as cutting efficiency,segments consumption were measured and reported in this paper.The report demonstrates that producing the high quality diamond does not depend on the type of presses(Belt or Cubic) but rather on the know-how,technology and what it is made.展开更多
目的研究Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance更名前后的主要报道方向、国别、发文机构的变化情况等,以期为国内同行提供参考。方法主要利用CiteSpace的共词网络功能来对期刊报道方向、发刊国别、发文机构等变化进行分析。数据来...目的研究Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance更名前后的主要报道方向、国别、发文机构的变化情况等,以期为国内同行提供参考。方法主要利用CiteSpace的共词网络功能来对期刊报道方向、发刊国别、发文机构等变化进行分析。数据来自Web of Science核心合集的SCI拓展版,以期刊名“Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine”检索,时间跨度为1991年1月1日至2014年12月31日,剔除征稿启事、会议通知等非学术文献。导入NoteExpress软件进行去重,共有4830篇文章。该刊于2015年更名为“Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance”,检索策略为:时间跨度为2015年1月1日至2023年6月13日,数据清洗方法同上,共检索到1076篇文章。结果(1)主要发文机构:更名前主要供稿机构为美国空军(160篇)、美国国防部(93篇)和美国宇航局(NASA,77篇);更名后主要供稿机构未发生变化,但发文数量均较更名前减少,美国空军47篇,美国国防部24篇,NASA 24篇。(2)主要关键词对比:更名后主要关键词与飞行、航天相关的连接强度显著增加,而对一般健康问题的关注相对减少,出现了spaceflight、air travel等直接与飞行行为相关的内容。(3)主要国别:更名前美国发文2411篇(49.91%)、加拿大发文314篇(6.50%)、英国发文279篇(5.77%)、法国发文167篇(3.45%)、德国发文160篇(3.31%);更名后美国发文501篇(46.56%)、英国发文98篇(9.10%)、中国发文54篇(5.01%)、加拿大发文53篇(4.92%)、法国发文42篇(3.90%)。(4)年均发文量:根据检索结果,更名前共24年,年均发文201篇;更名后从2015年至本文检索截止时间共8.5年,年均发文127篇,年均报道量下降较多。(5)影响因子:截止2014年更名前共发文164篇,影响因子1.0051(含自引);2016年是该刊更名有影响因子等统计数据的第一年,共发文132篇,影响因子0.8250;2022年发文109篇,影响因子1.0001(含自引)。综合考量发文量和影响因子,该刊的综合影响力更名后并无显著提升。结论该刊在更名后,对于飞行环境的影响报道有所减少,主要讨论范围从之前的所有飞行类型聚焦为以太空飞行为主,关于飞行行为对人体健康的影响和绩效表现的报道大幅增长,同时也增加了关于飞行装备对飞行安全影响的讨论。随着航空航天技术的进步和航空装备的发展,更深入地探讨航空活动中环境因素对人体长时间复合作用的影响是必然。在该刊更名后,我国的发文数量排名第三,也在一定程度上说明存在高质量原创性成果外流的情况。我国期刊在坚持刊物原有特色的前提下,根据领域研究的发展,与时俱进,探索可持续发展的办刊模式;要进一步明确期刊定位与服务对象,以国家重大需求为导向,聚焦航空航天领域前沿、热点,适时调整栏目设置,提升期刊的学术质量和学科影响力,打造高质量的学术交流平台。展开更多
The effects of three factors on combustion performance of petroleum coke, Herin Coal and Shenmu Coal have been studied, including the ratio of primary air, excess air factor, and the swirling intensity of outer second...The effects of three factors on combustion performance of petroleum coke, Herin Coal and Shenmu Coal have been studied, including the ratio of primary air, excess air factor, and the swirling intensity of outer secondary air. The experiments were carried out on a one-dimensional furnace with dual channel swirling burner, in which temperature of center furnace, emission of air pollutants, and burn-out rate of fuel were measured. The results provide the optimal ratio of primary air, excess air factor and swirling intensity of outer secondary air for the fuels. The combustion performance of petroleum coke B is much better than petroleum coke A, but worse than Hejin coal and Shenmu coal. In addition, the burn-out rate of petroleum coke depends much more on the temperature in terminal stage of combustion than in the early stage of combustion.展开更多
Huangdi's Internal Classics(Neijin) is one of the most important ancient medical classics, which plays far-reaching influence in medical field. More and more domestic and overseas scholars published their translat...Huangdi's Internal Classics(Neijin) is one of the most important ancient medical classics, which plays far-reaching influence in medical field. More and more domestic and overseas scholars published their translated texts on Neijing. Due to the diversity of editions and different understanding, the translating styles and contents are widely different. This study will focus on the different translating styles on culture-specific lexicon、figure of speech and four-Chinese-character structures in Neijin.展开更多
目的 评价ICU意识模糊评估量表(Confusion Assessment Method of Intensive Care Unit,CAM-ICU)和重症监护谵妄筛查量表(Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist,ICDSC)对重症患者谵妄发生的应用效果,为重症患者谵妄筛查的工具选...目的 评价ICU意识模糊评估量表(Confusion Assessment Method of Intensive Care Unit,CAM-ICU)和重症监护谵妄筛查量表(Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist,ICDSC)对重症患者谵妄发生的应用效果,为重症患者谵妄筛查的工具选择提供依据。方法 计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库从建库至2023年2月24日关于CAM-ICU与ICDSC的诊断试验准确性比较研究。经过文献筛选、文献质量评估、资料提取后,采用Rev Man 5.3软件和Meta-DiSc软件进行数据分析。结果 共纳入10篇研究,CAM-ICU和ICDSC的合并灵敏度分别为0.73和0.77;合并特异度分别为0.93和0.91;合并诊断比值比为37.62和36.95。结论 CAM-ICU与ICDSC在重症患者谵妄筛查中均具有良好的诊断效度;基于谵妄的波动性特点,CAM-ICU可能更适合ICU环境下患者的谵妄评估。展开更多
随着中国在非洲西部国家援建项目逐渐增多,研究非洲西部硬质沥青在内的典型材料的技术性能,对于中国技术标准走出去和在当地属地化应用具有重要意义。研究了非洲西部地区常用的3种典型硬质沥青:Termcotank、DHS、ERES,对其常规物理性能...随着中国在非洲西部国家援建项目逐渐增多,研究非洲西部硬质沥青在内的典型材料的技术性能,对于中国技术标准走出去和在当地属地化应用具有重要意义。研究了非洲西部地区常用的3种典型硬质沥青:Termcotank、DHS、ERES,对其常规物理性能、流变性能、高低温等级及疲劳性能进行了测试分析。研究结果表明,Termcotank沥青高温性能最好,低温性能略差,适合用于对高温性能要求较为严格的地区;DHS和ERES沥青高温性能和低温性能较好,适合针对高低温均有要求的路面;3种硬质沥青除了Termcotank的低温延度,其他指标均能满足中国规范要求。按照美国战略公路研究计划(strategic highway research program,SHRP),3种沥青的性能分级(performance grade,PG)分别为PG76-10、PG70-16、PG70-16。根据PG分级确定了两种沥青适合的气候分区,同时根据统计分析给出了评价硬质沥青低温性能的建议性能指标。展开更多
In this paper, the net power output, exergy efficiency and levelized energy cost of system were selected as performance indicators for assessing Organic Rankine Cycle(ORC). Firstly, the turbine inlet temperature and p...In this paper, the net power output, exergy efficiency and levelized energy cost of system were selected as performance indicators for assessing Organic Rankine Cycle(ORC). Firstly, the turbine inlet temperature and pressure meeting the requirement of pinch point temperature difference of evaporator in transcritical ORC(trans-ORC) were determined based on performance optimization. Subsequently, the thermo-economic performance of a subcritical ORC(sub-ORC) using R601 as working fluid and a trans-ORC using R134 a as working fluid were compared under different heat source temperatures and a fixed outlet temperature of flue gas. Results show that for trans-ORC, when the pinch point temperature difference of evaporator lies between the inlet and outlet of evaporator, a lower inlet pressure of turbine is favorable; when the pinch point temperature difference of evaporator is located at the outlet of evaporator, there exists an optimal inlet pressure of turbine. Either for sub-ORC or trans-ORC, the net power output increases and levelized energy cost decreases with the increase in heat source temperature. For sub-ORC,exergy efficiency of system increases monotonously with heat source temperature, while for trans-ORC, exergy efficiency of system grows up firstly and then reduces(or keeps constant) with the increasing of heat source temperature. Moreover, for net power output and exergy efficiency of system, there exist a range of heat source temperatures making trans-ORC better than sub-ORC, and the heat source temperature region extends with the increase in pinch point temperature difference of evaporator. For levelized energy cost of system, the sub-ORC is always superior to trans-ORC.展开更多
文摘Data compression plays a key role in optimizing the use of memory storage space and also reducing latency in data transmission. In this paper, we are interested in lossless compression techniques because their performance is exploited with lossy compression techniques for images and videos generally using a mixed approach. To achieve our intended objective, which is to study the performance of lossless compression methods, we first carried out a literature review, a summary of which enabled us to select the most relevant, namely the following: arithmetic coding, LZW, Tunstall’s algorithm, RLE, BWT, Huffman coding and Shannon-Fano. Secondly, we designed a purposive text dataset with a repeating pattern in order to test the behavior and effectiveness of the selected compression techniques. Thirdly, we designed the compression algorithms and developed the programs (scripts) in Matlab in order to test their performance. Finally, following the tests conducted on relevant data that we constructed according to a deliberate model, the results show that these methods presented in order of performance are very satisfactory:- LZW- Arithmetic coding- Tunstall algorithm- BWT + RLELikewise, it appears that on the one hand, the performance of certain techniques relative to others is strongly linked to the sequencing and/or recurrence of symbols that make up the message, and on the other hand, to the cumulative time of encoding and decoding.
文摘There are mainly two kinds of equipment to produce synthetic diamond,namely belt press & cubic press.It has been customary in the industry to regard synthetic diamond produced by cubic press is inferior to that made by belt press.With the on-going improvement in technology,know-how & accumulated experiences, perhaps it’ s time for us to review the qualities & performances of synthetic diamond made by the cubic press more objectively.Studies were carried out on the performances of the two kinds of diamond by choosing from top brands & top qualities,with coarser mesh sizes 20/30 & 30/40.Comparisons were made on parameters, such as TI,TTI,PPC,bulk density,compact,roughness and arealight.And the diamonds chosen were used to produce the relevant diamond core drill bits and saw blades,their respective cutting performances such as cutting efficiency,segments consumption were measured and reported in this paper.The report demonstrates that producing the high quality diamond does not depend on the type of presses(Belt or Cubic) but rather on the know-how,technology and what it is made.
文摘目的研究Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance更名前后的主要报道方向、国别、发文机构的变化情况等,以期为国内同行提供参考。方法主要利用CiteSpace的共词网络功能来对期刊报道方向、发刊国别、发文机构等变化进行分析。数据来自Web of Science核心合集的SCI拓展版,以期刊名“Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine”检索,时间跨度为1991年1月1日至2014年12月31日,剔除征稿启事、会议通知等非学术文献。导入NoteExpress软件进行去重,共有4830篇文章。该刊于2015年更名为“Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance”,检索策略为:时间跨度为2015年1月1日至2023年6月13日,数据清洗方法同上,共检索到1076篇文章。结果(1)主要发文机构:更名前主要供稿机构为美国空军(160篇)、美国国防部(93篇)和美国宇航局(NASA,77篇);更名后主要供稿机构未发生变化,但发文数量均较更名前减少,美国空军47篇,美国国防部24篇,NASA 24篇。(2)主要关键词对比:更名后主要关键词与飞行、航天相关的连接强度显著增加,而对一般健康问题的关注相对减少,出现了spaceflight、air travel等直接与飞行行为相关的内容。(3)主要国别:更名前美国发文2411篇(49.91%)、加拿大发文314篇(6.50%)、英国发文279篇(5.77%)、法国发文167篇(3.45%)、德国发文160篇(3.31%);更名后美国发文501篇(46.56%)、英国发文98篇(9.10%)、中国发文54篇(5.01%)、加拿大发文53篇(4.92%)、法国发文42篇(3.90%)。(4)年均发文量:根据检索结果,更名前共24年,年均发文201篇;更名后从2015年至本文检索截止时间共8.5年,年均发文127篇,年均报道量下降较多。(5)影响因子:截止2014年更名前共发文164篇,影响因子1.0051(含自引);2016年是该刊更名有影响因子等统计数据的第一年,共发文132篇,影响因子0.8250;2022年发文109篇,影响因子1.0001(含自引)。综合考量发文量和影响因子,该刊的综合影响力更名后并无显著提升。结论该刊在更名后,对于飞行环境的影响报道有所减少,主要讨论范围从之前的所有飞行类型聚焦为以太空飞行为主,关于飞行行为对人体健康的影响和绩效表现的报道大幅增长,同时也增加了关于飞行装备对飞行安全影响的讨论。随着航空航天技术的进步和航空装备的发展,更深入地探讨航空活动中环境因素对人体长时间复合作用的影响是必然。在该刊更名后,我国的发文数量排名第三,也在一定程度上说明存在高质量原创性成果外流的情况。我国期刊在坚持刊物原有特色的前提下,根据领域研究的发展,与时俱进,探索可持续发展的办刊模式;要进一步明确期刊定位与服务对象,以国家重大需求为导向,聚焦航空航天领域前沿、热点,适时调整栏目设置,提升期刊的学术质量和学科影响力,打造高质量的学术交流平台。
基金Acknowledgments This work is supported by Natural Science Foundation of China （NO. 51076127） and the Clean Combustion ＆ Gas-solid Two-Phase Flow group in Xi＇an Jiaotong University.
文摘The effects of three factors on combustion performance of petroleum coke, Herin Coal and Shenmu Coal have been studied, including the ratio of primary air, excess air factor, and the swirling intensity of outer secondary air. The experiments were carried out on a one-dimensional furnace with dual channel swirling burner, in which temperature of center furnace, emission of air pollutants, and burn-out rate of fuel were measured. The results provide the optimal ratio of primary air, excess air factor and swirling intensity of outer secondary air for the fuels. The combustion performance of petroleum coke B is much better than petroleum coke A, but worse than Hejin coal and Shenmu coal. In addition, the burn-out rate of petroleum coke depends much more on the temperature in terminal stage of combustion than in the early stage of combustion.
文摘Huangdi's Internal Classics(Neijin) is one of the most important ancient medical classics, which plays far-reaching influence in medical field. More and more domestic and overseas scholars published their translated texts on Neijing. Due to the diversity of editions and different understanding, the translating styles and contents are widely different. This study will focus on the different translating styles on culture-specific lexicon、figure of speech and four-Chinese-character structures in Neijin.
文摘目的 评价ICU意识模糊评估量表(Confusion Assessment Method of Intensive Care Unit,CAM-ICU)和重症监护谵妄筛查量表(Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist,ICDSC)对重症患者谵妄发生的应用效果,为重症患者谵妄筛查的工具选择提供依据。方法 计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库从建库至2023年2月24日关于CAM-ICU与ICDSC的诊断试验准确性比较研究。经过文献筛选、文献质量评估、资料提取后,采用Rev Man 5.3软件和Meta-DiSc软件进行数据分析。结果 共纳入10篇研究,CAM-ICU和ICDSC的合并灵敏度分别为0.73和0.77;合并特异度分别为0.93和0.91;合并诊断比值比为37.62和36.95。结论 CAM-ICU与ICDSC在重症患者谵妄筛查中均具有良好的诊断效度;基于谵妄的波动性特点,CAM-ICU可能更适合ICU环境下患者的谵妄评估。
文摘随着中国在非洲西部国家援建项目逐渐增多,研究非洲西部硬质沥青在内的典型材料的技术性能,对于中国技术标准走出去和在当地属地化应用具有重要意义。研究了非洲西部地区常用的3种典型硬质沥青:Termcotank、DHS、ERES,对其常规物理性能、流变性能、高低温等级及疲劳性能进行了测试分析。研究结果表明,Termcotank沥青高温性能最好,低温性能略差,适合用于对高温性能要求较为严格的地区;DHS和ERES沥青高温性能和低温性能较好,适合针对高低温均有要求的路面;3种硬质沥青除了Termcotank的低温延度,其他指标均能满足中国规范要求。按照美国战略公路研究计划(strategic highway research program,SHRP),3种沥青的性能分级(performance grade,PG)分别为PG76-10、PG70-16、PG70-16。根据PG分级确定了两种沥青适合的气候分区,同时根据统计分析给出了评价硬质沥青低温性能的建议性能指标。
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2011CB710701)
文摘In this paper, the net power output, exergy efficiency and levelized energy cost of system were selected as performance indicators for assessing Organic Rankine Cycle(ORC). Firstly, the turbine inlet temperature and pressure meeting the requirement of pinch point temperature difference of evaporator in transcritical ORC(trans-ORC) were determined based on performance optimization. Subsequently, the thermo-economic performance of a subcritical ORC(sub-ORC) using R601 as working fluid and a trans-ORC using R134 a as working fluid were compared under different heat source temperatures and a fixed outlet temperature of flue gas. Results show that for trans-ORC, when the pinch point temperature difference of evaporator lies between the inlet and outlet of evaporator, a lower inlet pressure of turbine is favorable; when the pinch point temperature difference of evaporator is located at the outlet of evaporator, there exists an optimal inlet pressure of turbine. Either for sub-ORC or trans-ORC, the net power output increases and levelized energy cost decreases with the increase in heat source temperature. For sub-ORC,exergy efficiency of system increases monotonously with heat source temperature, while for trans-ORC, exergy efficiency of system grows up firstly and then reduces(or keeps constant) with the increasing of heat source temperature. Moreover, for net power output and exergy efficiency of system, there exist a range of heat source temperatures making trans-ORC better than sub-ORC, and the heat source temperature region extends with the increase in pinch point temperature difference of evaporator. For levelized energy cost of system, the sub-ORC is always superior to trans-ORC.
