Creatinine(Cr)is a biochemical waste molecule generated from muscle metabolism and primarily cleared from the bloodstream by the kidneys.If kidney function declines,Cr levels in the blood tend to increase.Therefore,Cr...Creatinine(Cr)is a biochemical waste molecule generated from muscle metabolism and primarily cleared from the bloodstream by the kidneys.If kidney function declines,Cr levels in the blood tend to increase.Therefore,Cr serves as an indicator of kidney function.In this work,we present a simple method for the rapid screening for impaired renal function based on the subject's Cr concentration.In our setup,broadband white light is delivered to a finger clamp through a fiber-optic cable to illuminate the patient's finger.The light is transmitted through the finger and collected by a second optical fiber coupled to a visible-near-infrared(VisNIR)spectrometer which covers the spectral range from 400nm to 1100nm.During the calibration process,the transmitted spectra acquired from 60 patients were measured.An average was calculated using the peak level of the transmitted,diffused intensity at three different wavelengths to create a"Cr intensity index".Patients were divided into five groups according to their Cr concentration levels,ranging from 1 mg/dL to 13 mg/dL.Our observations indicated that each group featured a unique spectral fingerprint.Next,we tested the index on 20 patients not included in the cali-bration procedure(unknown samples).We were able to classify patients into groups according to their Cr level with moderate prediction accuracy(R^(2)=0.55)and mean screening error of up to 16%.Future efforts will evaluate the accuracy of this approach with larger patient populations representing a broad range of Cr concentration.Still,this preliminary work is an essential step toward developing this useful noninvasive Cr screening platform using NIR light spectroscopy.展开更多
High peak-to-average-power ratio(PAPR) and spectral leakage are two main drawbacks of multicarrier systems, such as in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM), in future 5G wireless communications. For genera...High peak-to-average-power ratio(PAPR) and spectral leakage are two main drawbacks of multicarrier systems, such as in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM), in future 5G wireless communications. For generating optimized wave forms for 5G communications, this paper proposes an iterative scheme combining time-domain N-continuous OFDM(TD-NC-OFDM) and serial peak cancellation(SPC). Based on the theory of projection onto convex sets(POCS), the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is proved, and the optimized time-frequency domain multicarrier waveforms are analyzed in terms of a balanced tradeoff between out-of-band spectral leakage and PAPR. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed scheme can jointly optimize both the PAPR and out-ofband radiation, with moderate computational complexity.展开更多
The InSight(Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations,Geodesy,and Heat Transport)mission has recorded continuous ambient noise signals with many spectral peaks since its landing in 2018.The majority of these p...The InSight(Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations,Geodesy,and Heat Transport)mission has recorded continuous ambient noise signals with many spectral peaks since its landing in 2018.The majority of these peaks are modes produced by instrumental vibrations and are associated with environmental factors,such as temperature and wind energy fluctuations.Understanding how these modes react under various conditions is crucial because it aids in identifying their origins.In this study,we analyzed the three-component spectra of InSight recordings from sols 184–738 and obtained the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio(HVSR,also known as H/V)curves for different time intervals.The primary modes,such as those at 3.3 and 4.1 Hz,exhibited different behaviors,suggesting diverse origins.Some modes were sensitive to low temperature and some were sensitive to high temperature.Additionally,we investigated the influence of wind and temperature on the H/V curve.The peak frequency was mainly affected by temperature,whereas the H/V value was not associated with the temperature or wind only.Characterizing these modes and elucidating their origins are significant for processing signals from InSight and can provide valuable guidance for designing future planetary seismometers.展开更多
针对传统密度峰值聚类在波段选择时缺乏信息论角度的相似性度量以及波段数目确定问题,提出基于光谱角-光谱信息散度的自适应密度峰值波段选择方法(SSDPC:Spectral angle mapping and Spectral information divergence Density Peaks Clu...针对传统密度峰值聚类在波段选择时缺乏信息论角度的相似性度量以及波段数目确定问题,提出基于光谱角-光谱信息散度的自适应密度峰值波段选择方法(SSDPC:Spectral angle mapping and Spectral information divergence Density Peaks Cluster)。该方法将光谱信息散度和光谱角用于高光谱图像密度峰值聚类进行波段选择,取代传统的欧氏距离构建波段相似矩阵。通过构建波段评分策略,有效自动选择出重要的光谱波段子集。在3组高光谱数据集上调用RX(Reed-Xiaoli)算法进行异常检测,在SSDPC的相似性度量方法下,异常检测精度较欧氏距离度量方法分别平均提高1.16%、1.18%和0.07%;在自适应的SSDPC波段选择方法下,异常检测精度相较原始RX算法分别提升6.49%、2.71%和0.05%。结果表明,该算法具有良好的鲁棒性,能提升高光谱图像异常检测的性能并降低其虚警率。展开更多
基岩面埋深是公路工程建设中的重要参考依据。本文通过福建地区两个探测实例,研究了微动H/V谱比法探测基岩面埋深的方法技术,介绍了微动H/V(Horizontal to Vertical)谱比法提取基岩面埋深的方法原理。首先对微动单个三分量检波器采集地...基岩面埋深是公路工程建设中的重要参考依据。本文通过福建地区两个探测实例,研究了微动H/V谱比法探测基岩面埋深的方法技术,介绍了微动H/V(Horizontal to Vertical)谱比法提取基岩面埋深的方法原理。首先对微动单个三分量检波器采集地震记录进行处理和分析,获取了测点的峰值频率F 0。在钻孔较多的情况下,可根据钻孔的中风化岩深度与峰值频率F 0的幂函数拟合,得到了该区的经验参数a和b,从而可以计算整个测区每个测点的中风化岩深度三维分布。在钻孔较少的情况下,可根据测区内部分钻孔的孔内剪切波值计算该区的覆盖层平均横波速度,进而根据经验公式计算覆盖层厚度和基岩面三维埋深分布。两个探测实例研究结果表明:微动H/V谱比法是一种快速获取公路工程三维基岩面的方法,在一定条件下,相对误差能够控制在5%左右,能够满足工程勘察的需求。微动谱比法具有简便性和易操作性,点位可随机布置,几乎不受场地条件限制,能够取得较好的地质效果,可推广应用。展开更多
High field asymmetric wave ion mobility spectrometry （FAIMS） is a powerful tool to detect and characterize gas-phase ions, while the unsolvable partial differential equation of ions moving in ion drift tube poses a ...High field asymmetric wave ion mobility spectrometry （FAIMS） is a powerful tool to detect and characterize gas-phase ions, while the unsolvable partial differential equation of ions moving in ion drift tube poses a big challenge to FAIMS spectral peak analysis. In this work, a universal and effective model of FAIMS spectral peak profile has been proposed by introducing ion trajectory and loss height. With this model, the influence of the structure of ion drift tube, dispersion voltages, compensation voltages, and carrier gas flow rate on the FAIMS spectral peak characteristics like peak shape, full width at half maximum and peak height is analyzed and discussed. The results show that the influence of different factors on the FAIMS spectral peak profile can be qualitatively described by the model which agrees with the experimental data.展开更多
文摘Creatinine(Cr)is a biochemical waste molecule generated from muscle metabolism and primarily cleared from the bloodstream by the kidneys.If kidney function declines,Cr levels in the blood tend to increase.Therefore,Cr serves as an indicator of kidney function.In this work,we present a simple method for the rapid screening for impaired renal function based on the subject's Cr concentration.In our setup,broadband white light is delivered to a finger clamp through a fiber-optic cable to illuminate the patient's finger.The light is transmitted through the finger and collected by a second optical fiber coupled to a visible-near-infrared(VisNIR)spectrometer which covers the spectral range from 400nm to 1100nm.During the calibration process,the transmitted spectra acquired from 60 patients were measured.An average was calculated using the peak level of the transmitted,diffused intensity at three different wavelengths to create a"Cr intensity index".Patients were divided into five groups according to their Cr concentration levels,ranging from 1 mg/dL to 13 mg/dL.Our observations indicated that each group featured a unique spectral fingerprint.Next,we tested the index on 20 patients not included in the cali-bration procedure(unknown samples).We were able to classify patients into groups according to their Cr level with moderate prediction accuracy(R^(2)=0.55)and mean screening error of up to 16%.Future efforts will evaluate the accuracy of this approach with larger patient populations representing a broad range of Cr concentration.Still,this preliminary work is an essential step toward developing this useful noninvasive Cr screening platform using NIR light spectroscopy.
基金supported in part by the National Science Foundation of China under Grant number 61471090the National HighTech R&D Program of China under Grant number 2014AA01A707+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.ZYGX2013J112)the Foundation Project of National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications under Grant 9140C020108140C02005
文摘High peak-to-average-power ratio(PAPR) and spectral leakage are two main drawbacks of multicarrier systems, such as in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM), in future 5G wireless communications. For generating optimized wave forms for 5G communications, this paper proposes an iterative scheme combining time-domain N-continuous OFDM(TD-NC-OFDM) and serial peak cancellation(SPC). Based on the theory of projection onto convex sets(POCS), the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is proved, and the optimized time-frequency domain multicarrier waveforms are analyzed in terms of a balanced tradeoff between out-of-band spectral leakage and PAPR. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed scheme can jointly optimize both the PAPR and out-ofband radiation, with moderate computational complexity.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB 41000000).
文摘The InSight(Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations,Geodesy,and Heat Transport)mission has recorded continuous ambient noise signals with many spectral peaks since its landing in 2018.The majority of these peaks are modes produced by instrumental vibrations and are associated with environmental factors,such as temperature and wind energy fluctuations.Understanding how these modes react under various conditions is crucial because it aids in identifying their origins.In this study,we analyzed the three-component spectra of InSight recordings from sols 184–738 and obtained the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio(HVSR,also known as H/V)curves for different time intervals.The primary modes,such as those at 3.3 and 4.1 Hz,exhibited different behaviors,suggesting diverse origins.Some modes were sensitive to low temperature and some were sensitive to high temperature.Additionally,we investigated the influence of wind and temperature on the H/V curve.The peak frequency was mainly affected by temperature,whereas the H/V value was not associated with the temperature or wind only.Characterizing these modes and elucidating their origins are significant for processing signals from InSight and can provide valuable guidance for designing future planetary seismometers.
文摘针对传统密度峰值聚类在波段选择时缺乏信息论角度的相似性度量以及波段数目确定问题,提出基于光谱角-光谱信息散度的自适应密度峰值波段选择方法(SSDPC:Spectral angle mapping and Spectral information divergence Density Peaks Cluster)。该方法将光谱信息散度和光谱角用于高光谱图像密度峰值聚类进行波段选择,取代传统的欧氏距离构建波段相似矩阵。通过构建波段评分策略,有效自动选择出重要的光谱波段子集。在3组高光谱数据集上调用RX(Reed-Xiaoli)算法进行异常检测,在SSDPC的相似性度量方法下,异常检测精度较欧氏距离度量方法分别平均提高1.16%、1.18%和0.07%;在自适应的SSDPC波段选择方法下,异常检测精度相较原始RX算法分别提升6.49%、2.71%和0.05%。结果表明,该算法具有良好的鲁棒性,能提升高光谱图像异常检测的性能并降低其虚警率。
文摘基岩面埋深是公路工程建设中的重要参考依据。本文通过福建地区两个探测实例,研究了微动H/V谱比法探测基岩面埋深的方法技术,介绍了微动H/V(Horizontal to Vertical)谱比法提取基岩面埋深的方法原理。首先对微动单个三分量检波器采集地震记录进行处理和分析,获取了测点的峰值频率F 0。在钻孔较多的情况下,可根据钻孔的中风化岩深度与峰值频率F 0的幂函数拟合,得到了该区的经验参数a和b,从而可以计算整个测区每个测点的中风化岩深度三维分布。在钻孔较少的情况下,可根据测区内部分钻孔的孔内剪切波值计算该区的覆盖层平均横波速度,进而根据经验公式计算覆盖层厚度和基岩面三维埋深分布。两个探测实例研究结果表明:微动H/V谱比法是一种快速获取公路工程三维基岩面的方法,在一定条件下,相对误差能够控制在5%左右,能够满足工程勘察的需求。微动谱比法具有简便性和易操作性,点位可随机布置,几乎不受场地条件限制,能够取得较好的地质效果,可推广应用。
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.60871037 andNo.61004133） and the Innovation and Technology Fund of Hefei Institutes of Physical Science.
文摘High field asymmetric wave ion mobility spectrometry （FAIMS） is a powerful tool to detect and characterize gas-phase ions, while the unsolvable partial differential equation of ions moving in ion drift tube poses a big challenge to FAIMS spectral peak analysis. In this work, a universal and effective model of FAIMS spectral peak profile has been proposed by introducing ion trajectory and loss height. With this model, the influence of the structure of ion drift tube, dispersion voltages, compensation voltages, and carrier gas flow rate on the FAIMS spectral peak characteristics like peak shape, full width at half maximum and peak height is analyzed and discussed. The results show that the influence of different factors on the FAIMS spectral peak profile can be qualitatively described by the model which agrees with the experimental data.
