Robust detection algorithm with triple constraints for cooperative target based on spectral residual

The accurate detection of cooperative targets plays a key and foundational role in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) landing autonomously. The standard method based on fixed threshold is too susceptible to both illumination variations and interference. To overcome issues above, a robust detection algorithm with triple constraints for cooperative targets based on spectral residual (TCSR) is proposed. Firstly, by designing an asymmetric cooperative target, which comprises red background, green H and triangle target, the captured original image is converted into a Lab color space, whose saliency map is yielded by constructing the spectral residual. Then, the triple constraints are developed according to the prior knowledge of the cooperative target. Finally, the salient region in saliency map is considered as the cooperative target, and it meets the triple constraints. Experimental results in complex environments show that the proposed TCSR outperforms the standard methods in higher detection accuracy and lower false alarm rate.

Method for pests detecting in stored grain based on spectral residual saliency edge detection

Pests detecting is an important research subject in grain storage field.In the past decades,many edge detection methods have been applied to the edge detection of stored grain pests.Although some of them can realize the stored grain pests detecting,precision and robustness are not good enough.Spectral residual(SR)saliency edge detection defines the logarithmic spectrumof image as novelty part of the image information.The remaining spectrumis converted to the airspace to obtain edge detection results.SR algorithm is completely based on frequency domain processing.It not only can effectively simplify the target detection algorithm,but also can improve the effectiveness of target recognition.The experimental results show that the edge results of stored grain pests detected by SR method are effective and stable.

Integration of Multiple Spectral Data via a Logistic Regression Algorithm for Detection of Crop Residue Burned Areas:A Case Study of Songnen Plain,Northeast China

The burning of crop residues in fields is a significant global biomass burning activity which is a key element of the terrestrial carbon cycle,and an important source of atmospheric trace gasses and aerosols.Accurate estimation of cropland burned area is both crucial and challenging,especially for the small and fragmented burned scars in China.Here we developed an automated burned area mapping algorithm that was implemented using Sentinel-2 Multi Spectral Instrument(MSI)data and its effectiveness was tested taking Songnen Plain,Northeast China as a case using satellite image of 2020.We employed a logistic regression method for integrating multiple spectral data into a synthetic indicator,and compared the results with manually interpreted burned area reference maps and the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)MCD64A1 burned area product.The overall accuracy of the single variable logistic regression was 77.38%to 86.90%and 73.47%to 97.14%for the 52TCQ and 51TYM cases,respectively.In comparison,the accuracy of the burned area map was improved to 87.14%and 98.33%for the 52TCQ and 51TYM cases,respectively by multiple variable logistic regression of Sentind-2 images.The balance of omission error and commission error was also improved.The integration of multiple spectral data combined with a logistic regression method proves to be effective for burned area detection,offering a highly automated process with an automatic threshold determination mechanism.This method exhibits excellent extensibility and flexibility taking the image tile as the operating unit.It is suitable for burned area detection at a regional scale and can also be implemented with other satellite data.

New Sr Isotope Evidence to Support the Material Source of the Mengyejing Potash Deposit in the Simao Basin from Ancient Marine Halite or Residual Sea

Objective The Mengyejing potash deposit in the Simao Basin is the only producing area of solid potash at present in China. There is still controversy about the material source and distribution of the potash in this deposit （Shen Lijian et al., 2017）, which has influenced not only the prospecting direction and efficiency but also the understanding of the control of Tethys tectonic evolution on the formation and distribution of the mineral resources. This work analyzed the Sr isotope geochemical characteristics of evaporites from core samples in the well MZK-3 in order to further clarify the material source and to explore the potash distribution in the Simao Basin.

Extraction and kinetic analysis of Pb and Sr from the leaching residue of zinc oxide ore

NH4HCO3 conversion followed by HCl leaching was performed and proven to be effective in extracting Pb and Sr from zinc extracted residual.The mechanism and operating conditions of NH4HCO3 conversion,including molar ratio of NH4HCO3 to zinc extracted residual,NH4HCO3 concentration,conversion temperature,conversion time,and stirring velocity,were discussed,and operating conditions were optimized by the orthogonal test.Experimental results indicate that NH4HCO3 conversion at temperatures ranging from 25 to 85°C follows the shrinking unreacted core model and is controlled by inner diffusion through the product layer.The extraction ratios of Pb and Sr under optimized conditions reached 85.15%and 87.08%,respectively.Moreover,the apparent activation energies of Pb and Sr were 13.85 and 13.67 kJ·mol^−1,respectively.

Spectral Parameters of Nd^(3+)∶Sr_6YSc(BO_3)_6

The crystal Nd 3+∶Sr 6YSc(BO 3) 6 was grown by the top-seeded solution growth method from a Li 6B 4O 9 flux. The s pectral properties of Nd 3+∶Sr 6YSc(BO 3) 6 crystal were investigated. Using Judd-Ofelt theory to ana lyze the optical strength measured in absorption spectrum, the following spectr al parameters were obtained: parameters of oscillator strengths Ω λ are Ω 2=1.194×10 -20 cm2, Ω 4=4.186×10 -20 cm2 and Ω 6=3.3 51×10 -20 cm2. The radiative lifetime is 322 μs, and the fluorescence b ranch ratios were calculated: β 1=0.465, β 2=0.453, β 3=0.079 and β 4=0.004. The results indicate that Nd 3+∶Sr 6YSc(BO 3) 6 c rystal seems to be a potential high-efficient laser material.

Nonlinear elastic constitutive relations of residually stressed composites with stiff curved fibres

Mechanical models of residually stressed fibre-reinforced solids,which do not resist bending,have been developed in the literature.However,in some residually stressed fibre-reinforced elastic solids,resistance to fibre bending is significant,and the mechanical behavior of such solids should be investigated.Hence,in this paper,we model the mechanical aspect of residually stressed elastic solids with bending stiffness due to fibre curvature,which up to the authors’knowledge has not been mechanically modeled in the past.The proposed constitutive equation involves a nonsymmetric stress and a couple-stress tensor.Spectral invariants are used in the constitutive equation,where each spectral invariant has an intelligible physical meaning,and hence they are useful in experiment and analysis.A prototype strain energy function is proposed.Moreover,we use this prototype to give results for some cylindrical boundary value problems.

激光诱导击穿光谱技术分析土壤中的Cr和Sr

采用波长1064nm的调Q脉冲Nd∶YAG激光器和多通道小型光纤光栅光谱仪,建立了一套激光诱导击穿光谱分析装置。记录了系列土壤标准样品的激光诱导等离子体发射光谱,详细研究了重金属原子Cr和Sr的特征辐射谱线信号强度、标准偏差与数据采样方式以及采样平均次数的关系,首次采用300个激光脉冲轰击样品表面同一点,并取其中最大光谱信号后的200次激光轰击等离子体发射光谱的平均值进行分析的取样平均方式,发现能较好地把对重金属Cr和Sr浓度分析测量的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别减小到9.02%和10.5%,并得到了定量分析Cr和Sr等金属的定标曲线,对Cr和Sr元素的检测灵敏度分别为25.3和15.2μg.g-1,优于目前国内外报道的结果。研究表明我们的采用的数据采集、分析定标方法对提高了LIBS技术在土壤中金属检测检测灵敏度和精密度具有很好的应用价值。

内蒙古二连浩特北部阿仁绍布地区晚石炭世花岗岩Sr-Yb分类及其成因

对分布在内蒙古二连浩特北部阿仁绍布地区的晚石炭世花岗岩类,依据Sr、Yb含量,划分为低Sr高Yb型、极低Sr高Yb型和低Sr低Yb型花岗岩3种类型。低Sr高Yb型花岗岩类相对低Si、富Al,Na2O>K2O,稀土元素分馏中等,有或无负Eu异常,Sr含量低,平均为183×10-6,Ba含量较高,平均585×10-6,Y含量高,平均30.06×10-6,Rb/Sr比值较低,平均0.97;极低Sr高Yb型花岗岩富Si、REE,低Al、Sr、Ba,高的Rb/Sr比值(平均为7.47),具明显的负Eu异常等;低Sr低Yb型花岗岩富Si,贫Al、Ca、Mg,重稀土元素(Y、Yb)含量低,Y含量在(7.26～10.6)×10-6之间,平均9.76×10-6,Yb含量在(1.04～1.89)×10-6之间,平均1.44×10-6,δEu=0.64～0.94,具弱负Eu异常,微量元素Ba含量高,Rb/Sr比值低。3种类型的花岗岩类过铝指数(A/CNK)多小于1.0,说明它们均源自变质火成岩的部分熔融。由于源区的深度不同(pT条件不同)和残留的主要矿物相不同,它们的岩石地球化学特征存在差异。极低Sr高Yb型花岗岩形成深度最浅(中上地壳),熔融残留相以斜长石为主;低Sr高Yb型花岗岩类形成于中下地壳,熔融残留相为斜长石和辉石;低Sr低Yb型花岗岩形成深度最深,推测可能形成于加厚下地壳(>40km)底部,熔融残留相为石榴子石、斜长石和角闪石。

基于IEWT和噪能转移SR-MLS反演识别技术的低频振荡信号分析

电力系统低频振荡信号是典型的多分量混噪信号,特征提取较困难。为此,采用基于顺序统计滤波原理(order statistics filter,OSF)平顶上包络的改进经验小波变换算法(improved empirical wavelet transform,IEWT)和随机共振—移动最小二乘(resonance-moving least squares,SR-MLS)反演识别技术相结合的方法实现对振荡信号的特征分析。IEWT结合了小波分析的完备理论性和经验模态分解的自适应性,通过构造一系列正交小波滤波器组对信号进行分解。首先,根据OSF最大值滤波器原理得到频谱的有效平顶上包络,进而确定EWT的边界并对原始振荡信号进行抗噪主导模态分离,然后结合SR-MLS反演识别技术,在残余噪声的帮助下增强振荡特征并有效提取。最后,在自合成模拟信号仿真、IEEE 16机68节点系统仿真以及电网实测数据3个算例仿真下通过与经典Prony法、VMD-Hilbert法对比,表明了所提方法的可行性及有效性。

On the Spectral Moments of Wind Waves

In order to obtain high order spectral moments, the residual moment M(w(n))(i) = integral(0)(wn) w(i)S(w)dw, as proposed by Denis s, is presented for approximate estimation of spectral moment m(i) = integral(0)(infinity) w(i)S(w)dw. Glazman's partial averaging idea is discussed. It is pointed out that Glazman's method and definition of non-dimensional spectral moment can not be used to estimate spectral moments for engineering purposes and that method is not supported by theory and computation. The non-dimensional spectral moment of PM spectrum, which should be expressed as [GRAPHICS] is related to wind speed. The 0 - 8th moments of PM spectrum are estimated for wind speeds of 10, 20 and 30 m/s and some discussions are given.

Time-Spectral Solution of Initial-Value Problems—Subdomain Approach

Temporal and spatial subdomain techniques are proposed for a time-spectral method for solution of initial-value problems. The spectral method, called the generalised weighted residual method (GWRM), is a generalisation of weighted residual methods to the time and parameter domains [1]. A semi-analytical Chebyshev polynomial ansatz is employed, and the problem reduces to determine the coefficients of the ansatz from linear or nonlinear algebraic systems of equations. In order to avoid large memory storage and computational cost, it is preferable to subdivide the temporal and spatial domains into subdomains. Methods and examples of this article demonstrate how this can be achieved.

柠檬汁还原法制备AgNPs用于果蔬农药残留的SERS快速检测

[目的/意义]为满足目前市场上对农产品农药残留的快速灵敏检测需求,报道一种基于柠檬汁还原制备银纳米粒子(AgNPs)的方法。[方法]首先将新鲜柠檬汁经滤纸过滤,稀释成2%的柠檬汁水溶液,再配制一定浓度的AgNO3溶液、50 mM的NaOH溶液,放置室温保存。然后在室温下,将10 mL的ddH2O、2mL的NaOH、2mL的2%柠檬汁和5 mL的AgNO3溶液混合,待溶液颜色变为澄清的黄色时,溶液离心即可获得AgNPs。[结果和讨论]该方法制备的AgNPs,其颗粒形貌大小基本均一,约为20 nm,具有很好的表面增强拉曼散射(Surface Enhancement of Raman Scattering,SERS)增强效应,即良好的SERS信号稳定性,较强的SERS增强性能。该胶体中AgNPs分散较均匀,并且具有较长时间储存的稳定性,因此可用于微量农残检测。柠檬汁中主要还原成分抗坏血酸、葡萄糖和果糖,其含量分别为395.76μg/mL、5.95 mg/mL和5.90 mg/mL。将柠檬汁还原法制备的AgNPs用于果蔬表面农残检测,对于百草枯、多菌灵的检出限分别最低至3.90 ng/kg及0.22μg/kg。[结论]这项工作为果蔬农残快检提供了一种绿色、便捷的SERS材料制备方法,为实现农产品农药残留的快速、灵敏检测提供一种新的途径。

基于破乳诱导萃取和ICP-MS/MS分析渣油中的微量金属元素

基于破乳诱导萃取提出利用电感耦合等离子体串联质谱(ICP-MS/MS)测定渣油中多种金属元素的新策略。渣油样品经二甲苯稀释降低黏度后采用质量分数6%的Triton X-114乳化,超声水浴破乳25 min,利用体积分数40%的盐酸萃取渣油中金属元素至水相,采用ICP-MS/MS测定其中10种金属元素Na、Mg、Al、Ca、V、Cr、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn的含量。详细评估了破乳诱导萃取条件对渣油中金属元素萃取效率的影响,在串联质谱(MS/MS)模式下,利用氦碰撞气或不同反应气消除了金属元素的质谱干扰,采用标准参考物质NIST SRM 1634c(燃油中的微量元素)验证了方法的准确性,以微波消解技术处理渣油样品并采用扇形磁场电感耦合等离子体质谱(SF-ICP-MS)进行对比分析验证了方法的可靠性。结果显示,金属元素在各自的含量范围内呈现良好的线性关系(线性相关系数≥0.9997),检出限(LOD)为2.05~31.4 ng/L,NIST SRM 1634c的测定结果与标准参考物质提供的认证值及文献报道的参考值基本一致,置信度水平达到95%,ICP-MS/MS方法与SF-ICP-MS的对比分析结果无显著性差异。所建立的ICP-MS/MS方法操作简单,分析速率快,准确可靠性好,已用于渣油中多种金属元素的质量评价。

Spatial-Aware Supervised Learning for Hyper-Spectral Image Classification Comprehensive Assessment

A comprehensive assessment of the spatial.aware mpervised learning algorithms for hyper.spectral image （HSI） classification was presented. For this purpose, standard support vector machines （ SVMs ）, mudttnomial logistic regression （ MLR ） and sparse representation （SR） based supervised learning algorithm were compared both theoretically and experimentally. Performance of the discussed techniques was evaluated in terms of overall accuracy, average accuracy, kappa statistic coefficients, and sparsity of the solutions. Execution time, the computational burden, and the capability of the methods were investigated by using probabilistie analysis. For validating the accuracy a classical benchmark AVIRIS Indian pines data set was used. Experiments show that integrating spectral.spatial context can further improve the accuracy, reduce the misclassltication error although the cost of computational time will be increased.

基于注意力残差网络的快照式多光谱相机图像重构

随着光谱成像技术的飞速发展,使用多光谱滤光片阵列(multispectral filter array,MSFA)采集多光谱图像的空间和光谱信息已经成为研究热点。如何利用低采样率且具有强频谱互相关性的原始数据进行重构成为制约其发展的瓶颈。本文基于一种含有全通波段的8波段4×4 MSFA,提出了一种空谱联合的多分支注意力残差网络模型。使用多分支模型对各个波段插值后的图像特征进行学习。利用本文设计的空间通道注意力模型对8个波段和全通波段的特征信息进行联合处理。该模型通过多层卷积和卷积注意力模块以及残差补偿机制,有效减小了各波段的颜色差异,增强了边缘纹理等相关特征信息。对于初步插值的全通波段和其他波段的特征信息,通过无需进行批量归一化的残差密集块对多光谱图像空间和光谱相关性进行特征学习,以匹配各个波段的光谱信息。实验结果表明,对于在D65光源下测试图像,本文所提模型的峰值信噪比、结构相似度和光谱角相似度分别较最先进的深度学习方法提升了3.46%、0.27%和6%。该方法不仅减少了伪影还获得了更多的纹理细节。

基于深度特征提取残差网络的高光谱图像分类

深度学习由于其模块化设计和强大的特征提取能力,已成为高光谱图像分类的重要手段之一。然而,如何有效地提取更深层次的特征以及同时提高分析空间和光谱联合特征的能力仍是亟待解决的问题。针对这些问题,本文提出了一种深度特征提取的残差网络,该网络由两个关键部分组成:多级传递融合残差网络和空间-光谱多分辨率融合注意力残差网络。多级传递融合残差网络可以有效促进特征信息之间的相互作用,获得更深层次的特征。接着利用空间-光谱多分辨率融合注意力残差网络可以确保从高光谱数据中全面提取空间-光谱联合特征和多分辨率特征。为了验证其有效性,本文在Indian Pines,Pavia University和Salinas Valley三个高光谱数据集上对所提出方法的性能进行了评估,分类精度分别达到了98.10%,99.81%和99.94%。实验结果表明,与其他方法相比,该网络具有更好的泛化能力和分类性能。

基于谱残差方法的工业互联网时间序列异常检测

谱残差算法是一种针对图像显著性检测的算法,也可用于无监督时间序列的异常检测。从频域变换、平滑算法、去除季节性影响、阈值自适应调节等多个环节研究针对谱残差算法的改进,提出一种基于谱残差算法的多变量时间序列异常检测方法。实验证明,所提出的改进可以提高异常检测的准确率,去除环境因素造成的季节性影响,且检测异常用时优于已有算法。另外,所提算法可以根据实际需要,自适应调节异常判定阈值。为了适应工业系统常出现的多变量时间序列数据,在谱残差算法的基础上结合用于处理多变量数据的独立成分分析算法,使算法适用于多变量时间序列。实验表明,谱残差算法与独立成分分析结合的算法能够应用于工业系统的异常自动检测,并且可以保证算法所需的准确性和实时性。

绝缘隔板对空气间隙放电光谱特性的影响及电荷演变机理

在空间有限的开关柜等电力设备中,开展棒-板间隙放电的放电规律以及检测方法的研究具有重要意义。实验探讨了“棒电极-绝缘隔板-接地电极”系统中不同隔板材料、隔板位置时放电光谱的分布规律;采用表面电位计,计算分析了放电后绝缘隔板表面陷阱能级分布特征;通过建立等尺寸绝缘系统仿真模型,分析绝缘隔板的引入对电子密度、电场分布的影响,揭示放电机理。实验研究表明,绝缘隔板的引入,可以显著提高系统的击穿电压,最高可提升1.6倍。不同隔板材料对应的放电光谱特征信息有所不同,环氧树脂隔板的放电光谱强度整体较大,但在波段309.25 nm、589.05 nm处聚酯板的光谱强度略大于环氧树脂。此外,电极间距对放电光谱具有较大的影响。隔板材料表面存在明显的残余电荷,环氧树脂的电荷积聚高于聚酯板,对击穿电压的影响较大。仿真结果显示,隔板材料的改变会影响击穿电压的幅值,同时会改变微观粒子的物理运动,从而改变放电光谱。研究成果可为电力设备光谱放电监测和绝缘状态评估提供理论和实验指导。

基于谱残差法的主动声呐疑似目标自动拾取

针对主动声呐干扰遍布的B显画面上目标亮点难以拾取的问题,本文提出一种基于谱残差法视觉显著性处理的疑似目标自动拾取方法。在主动声呐图像的概念之下,研讨了自然图像中视觉显著体的发现与主动声呐图像中疑似目标拾取的相似机理,依此进而说明了本文方法的机理、核心框架以及关键处理环节,包括预处理声呐图像、生成显著图、估算拾取阈值以及标定疑似目标等。海试数据处理结果表明:相较于基于局部相对能量分析的对照方法,本文方法对已知目标具有更低的漏报率,同时亮点拾取数量减少约40%,且处理耗时减少约37%。