Spectral shift of solid high-order harmonics from different channels in a combined laser field

We investigate theoretically the spectral shift of the high-order harmonic generation(HHG)in ZnO driven by a combined laser field by solving the two-band semiconductor Bloch equations(SBEs)in the velocity gauge.The combined laser field is synthesized by a fundamental laser pulse and its seventh-frequency laser pulse.When the seventh-frequency laser pulse is added to the rising or falling parts of the fundamental laser field,we find that the spectral blueshift or redshift appears,which is due to the unequal contribution of the rising and falling parts in the fundamental laser field to the harmonics.By analyzing the time-dependent conduction band population in k space,we found that,in addition to the tunneling ionization channel,there is also the resonant electron injection channels which is induced by the seventh-frequency laser pulse.The harmonics generated by the different channels show the spectral redshift or the spectral blueshift,respectively.Through analyzing the k-integrated transient conduction band population of the electrons from different channels,we found that if there is a certain delay in the process of the electron excitation,it will lead to the delay in the harmonic emission,which results in the spectral redshift of the harmonics.

Spectral Shift of π→π^＊ Transition for p-Nitroaniline Based on a New Expression of Nonequilibrium Solvation Energy

According to the nonequilibrium solvation theory studies, a constrained equilibrium principle is introduced and applied to the derivations of the nonequilibrium solvation energy, and a reasonable expression of the spectral shift of the electronic absorption spectra is deduced. Furthermore, the lowest transition of p-nitroaniline （pNA） in water is investigated by time-dependent density functional theory method. In addition, the details of excited state properties of pNA are discussed. Using our novel expression of the spectral shift, the value of -0.99 eV is obtained for π→π^＊ transition in water, which is in good agreement with the available experimental result of -0.98 eV.

The Nonvelocity Cosmological Spectral Shift

Beginning from the premise that the universe is static, and that the cosmological redshift is due to a nonconservative tired light effect, the following examines evidence supporting the prediction that photons will progressively blueshift when transiting through the gravity wells of galaxies, galaxy clusters, and superclusters. The presence of such a nonvelocity blueshift effect is seen to make a substantial contribution to Virgo cluster galaxy spectra, sufficient to dramatically decrease the cluster’s velocity dispersion and assessed virial mass and eliminate the need to assume the presence of large quantities of dark matter. The effect is also shown to account for the Fingers-of-God effect and Kaiser pancaking effect seen when the spectra of cluster galaxies are plotted in redshift space. The opposite effect, excessive redshifting of photons passing through cosmic voids is able to explain void elongation in redshift space, and also the subnormal luminosity of void galaxies. The proposed cosmological blueshifting phenomenon also explains the downturn of the slope of the Hubble Flow in the vicinity of the Local Group which projects a negative apparent velocity for photons propagating near the Milky Way. It also offers an explanation for the blueshift of the Andromeda galaxy spectra and for Arp’s findings that the spectra of primary galaxies in a cluster tend to be blueshifted relative to their companion galaxies. These photon energy phenomena are anticipated by the physics of subquantum kinetics which predicts that photons traversing long distances through intergalactic space should undergo nonconservative tired-light redshifting, and that photons passing through gravity potential wells should undergo progressive blueshifting. The latter effect may be visualized as a negative nonvelocity Hubble constant.

Humidity-Induced Spectral Shift in a Cross-DispersionEchelle Spectrometer and Its Theoretical Investigation

The relationship between ambient relative humidity H and the position shift of a spectral line was investigated both experimentally and theoretically.An echelle-based ICP emission spectrometer equipped with a CID detector was used for experimental verification of the derived model.The shift of a spectral line is quantitatively described by two defined spectral shift functions: Δλx(x,λ,H)(in the x direction of the CID detector) and Δλy(y,λ,H)(in the y direction of the CID detector).Experimental results indicate that Δλx(x,λ,H) does not change with a variation in ambient relative humidity, but Δλy(y,λ,H) does.A spectral shift equation,i.e.an empirical second-order polynomial equation,can be used to describe the relationship between Δλy(y,λ,H) and H.Based on the classical dipole model,classical mechanics and electrodynamics the empirical spectral-shift equation involving Δλy(y,λ,H) and H was theoretically deduced.The theoretical result is in good agreement with the experimental findings.The theoretical results indicate that the coefficients of the empirical spectral-shift equation are related to the basic physical parameters of materials and the geometric configuration of the echelle CID ICP-AES,and also provide physical meaning to the coefficients of the empirical shift equation obtained experimentally.

A novel chromatic dispersion monitoring method in terms of SO A spectral shift

In this paper a novel low power online chromatic dispersion (CD) monitoring method is presented, which employs spectral shift in the semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). The advantage of this method lies in that the required input power can be much reduced, and the filter output can be used in the dynamic CD compensation system. The simulation indicates that the filtered power decreases with CD increases, and that the monitoring range increases as the filter bandwidth increases.

Optimizational 6-bit all-optical quantization with soliton self-frequency shift and pre-chirp spectral compression techniques based on photonic crystal fiber

In this paper, we optimize a proposed all-optical quantization scheme based on soliton self-frequency shift(SSFS)and pre-chirp spectral compression techniques. A 10m-long high-nonlinear photonic crystal fiber(PCF) is used as an SSFS medium relevant to the power of the sampled optical pulses. Furthermore, a 10m-long dispersion flattened hybrid cladding hexagonal-octagonal PCF(6/8-PCF) is utilized as a spectral compression medium to further enhance the resolution. Simulation results show that 6-bit quantization resolution is still obtained when a 100m-long dispersion-increasing fiber(DIF)is replaced by a 6/8-PCF in spectral compression module.

The influence of nonparaxiality on the spectral behavior in Young's experiment illuminated by partially coherent light

Starting from the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integral, this paper studies the spectral behavior in Young＇s experiment illuminated by nonparaxial partially coherent light and compares with the paraxial case, where the influence of nonparaxiality of partially coherent light on the spectral shifts and spectral switches is stressed. It is shown that there is a spectral shift in the nonparaxial case relative to the paraxial one and the critical position changes, at which the spectral switch occurs. The ratio of the waist width to the central wavelength ω0/λ0 and relative spatial correlation length △ affect the spectral difference. The smaller ω0/λ0 is, the larger the difference between the nonparaxial and paraxial results appears. The effect of relative spatial correlation length △ is relatively small.

Spectral Feature Analysis of Semiconductor Thin Disk Laser

The semiconductor thin disk laser is a new type of semiconductor laser. This work gives the basic operation function of the semiconductor disk laser, and analyses the heat effect by the experimentally measured photoluminescence spectrum of the laser chip at different pump power and different temperatures. We can see that: with increasing pump power, the thermal effect of the gain material becomes seriously and causes the saturation of carrier lifetime, so the electron-hole pair created in the absorbtion layer has no enough time to rate to one of the wells, and the non-radiative recombination happens in the barrier. When the thermal effect becomes stronger, the chip will be not lasing. This phenomenon is from the smaller energy offset between barrier and quantum well. We optimize the original structure design and experimental technology. A non-absorbing AlGaAs layer which is transparent to the pumping and laser wavelength is added to confine the carriers in the quantum wells. At the same time a DBR with double reflecting band is induced to improve the absorbing efficiency of the pumping light. The single QW is replaced by the three narrow QWs. This three QWs structure can add the quantum state of QW, increase the recombination probability of carriers in the QWs and reduce the heat effect. The chemical etching equipment is also improved to control the surface unevenness to be within 50 nm.

短周期线性密集台阵揭示宣城地区浅部地壳速度结构及断裂发育特征

宣城市位于东南丘陵与长江中下游平原过渡地带,区内经历多期构造活动,地质构造复杂且断裂十分发育,开展宣城地区浅部速度结构和断裂带探测,不仅有助于深入了解区内地质构造和成矿作用,还可以为区域地震危险性和危害性评价提供重要的参考模型.本文在研究区布设了一条由110套三分量地震仪组成的短周期线性密集台阵,利用采集的一个月的三分量背景噪声数据,采用噪声谱比方法(HVSR)探测研究区场地峰值频率及基岩界面结构;通过垂直分量背景噪声数据重建经验格林函数,采用拓距相移法(ERPS)提取相速度频散曲线并反演线性台阵下方浅部地壳精细横波速度结构.基于HVSR计算的场地峰值频率和基岩界面埋深,刻画了测线下方浅部地表松散沉积层的结构,结果显示研究区内皖南山区基岩埋深较浅,盆地区域基岩埋深较深,地表松散沉积层的厚度最大可至地下80 m,此外还评估了区内地震破坏性和建筑的抗震性,认为研究区内平均振幅放大系数相对较高,局部区域可能会产生明显的地震放大效应,并且皖南山区低矮建筑(1~2层)及宣城—南陵盆地区域的高层建筑(7层及以上)在抗震设防上应当特别注意;依据反演的二维横波速度模型,获得了研究区浅部地壳6 km以深的结构,结果显示宣城—南陵盆地在浅部表现为明显的低速特征,其基底深度可达2 km,并且盆地部分区域呈现相对高速的异常特征,指示在区域多期构造活动中产生的岩浆侵入和逆冲推覆构造作用。此外,区内深部总体表现为高低速异常交替分布的“叠瓦状”构造模式,出现的多处低速异常带推断分别是周王断裂、江南断裂和茅山断裂以及清水河—河湾断裂的构造破碎带,指示了研究区内经历的多期次挤压—拉伸的强烈变形改造.综合上述研究成果,本研究为宣城地区地质构造条件的分析、地震危险性及危害性的评价以及区域找矿勘查等相关工作提供了新的依据.

新疆中强地震前震频谱偏移特征分析

运用前震或广义前震识别的频谱偏移法,以2013年1月至2022年11月新疆维吾尔自治区发生的M_(S)≥5.0中强地震的前震为研究对象,通过研究其频率谱,分析新疆地区地震前震的频谱特征。结果表明,中强地震的前震中存在频谱偏移现象高达70%,说明频谱偏移法对该区域的地震研究具有一定的短临预测意义;地震频谱向低端偏移的临界值为1.5 Hz;直接前震中,M_(S)≥3.5地震出现频谱偏移的概率达85%,M_(S)<3.5地震的频谱偏移现象较低;具有前震意义的地震,前震偏移率高低与后续中强地震的强度在M_(S)≥5.2时呈现出明显的正相关趋势,由于数据量较少,认为这种正相关趋势可靠性不高,需进行深入研究。

锥形微纳光纤激发相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射光谱研究

从数值仿真和实验测量方面验证了使用锥形微纳光纤代替聚焦物镜产生相干拉曼散射信号的可行性。通过数值计算以及实验测量分析了超短脉冲在锥形微纳光纤中的传输特性,证明锥区长度为5cm的锥形微纳光纤可以有效保证超短脉冲在其中传输时的时域和谱域特性,并且功率衰减较小,850~1100nm波长范围内的实测插入损耗最大值不超过1.05dB,平均值0.84dB。然后,使用锥形微纳光纤成功探测到环己烷在2853cm^(-1)位置处的拉曼共振峰,证明了使用锥形微纳光纤激发相干拉曼光谱的可行性。使用锥形微纳光纤激发相干拉曼光谱具有信号激发灵活方便,摆脱了传统空间光学的约束,为相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射(coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering,CARS)系统在内窥成像领域和微创检测领域的发展提供了一种新的途径。

Magnetic Field Configurations Corresponding to Electric Field Patterns That Evoke Long-Term Potentiation Shift Power Spectra of Light Emissions from Microtubules from Non-Neural Cells

Photon counts were measured every 15 ms for 75 s from microtubule-enriched preparations (and nuclei) from mouse melanoma cells during baseline and after 2 min exposures to 1 μT magnetic fields. The magnetic fields were generated from a circular array of solenoids and presented with accelerating or decelerating rotation velocities. The range of photon radiant flux density was in the order of 10-12 W·m-2. Microtubules preparations that had been exposed for only 2 min to a magnetic field configuration corresponding to the electric field pattern that induced long-term potentiation in neural tissue when applied as electric current displayed peaks of spectral power densities within 7 - 8 Hz, 9.5 Hz, 14 - 15 Hz, and 22 Hz bands. The major peak (9.4 Hz) bandwidth was approximately 0.1 Hz. While microtubule preparations exposed for 2 min to a 7 Hz sine-wave or in the absence of a field emitted an overall similar level of spectral power density, the peaks in power density were not present. Treatment with the LTP patterned fields, compared to the baseline or sine-wave fields primarily altered the frequency band in which the amplitude of the photon field was expressed. These results suggest that the photon emissions from microtubule preparations have the capacity to respond to specifically-patterned or geometric shapes of magnetic fields by altering spectral configurations rather than the absolute numbers of photons.

Some Notes on M-hyponormal Weighted Shifts and Hyponormalizable Weighted Shifts

Let {an}∞n=0be a weight sequence and let W denote the associated unilateral weighted shift on H. In this paper, we consider the connection between the M-hyponormal and hyponormalizable weighted shift operator. Main results are Theorems 4.1 and Theorems4.2. Theorem 4.1 gives the sufficient condition that a weighted shifts M-hyponormal operator is hyponormalizable. Theorem 4.2 gives the sufficient condition that a hyponormalizable weighted shift operator is M-hyponormal. Finally, invariant subspaces of such operators are discussed.

基于AR模型的多普勒散射计回波功率谱估计

当采样点数少或流速较小时,采用周期图法估计的多普勒散射计(Doppler scatterometer,DopSCAT)回波功率谱分辨率低,多普勒频移提取精度低。对此,提出了一种基于自回归(autoregressive,AR)模型的DopSCAT回波功率谱估计方法。该方法为DopSCAT回波信号建立含有未知参数的AR模型,采用赤池信息量准则自适应确定模型的最优阶数;对定阶后的AR模型采用Burg算法计算模型参数,利用得到的AR模型估计回波功率谱;对功率谱进行峰值检测提取多普勒频移计算径向流,采用两个观测方位向的径向流合成得到海面流场。利用OSCAR海流数据进行了回波功率谱估计与海流反演实验。分析结果表明,与周期图法相比,该方法能够显著提高回波功率谱分辨率和多普勒频移的提取精度,进而提高了海流的反演精度。

时频特征的海豚发声端点检测方法研究

为在复杂的海洋环境噪声场中检测出目标海豚的某类声信号,设计了一种基于海豚声学特征的端点检测方法。根据海洋环境中噪声能量大且分布频率范围广,而海豚声音的时频特征具有持续时间短、频率高且集中、发声行为持续时间长的特点,将采集到的海洋声音进行分帧,计算单帧信号短时能量、谱质心和谱质心二阶偏移率,当海豚发出声信号时,谱质心和能量相应发生突变,截取发生突变的信号实现端点检测。通过与门限法等其他常见端点检测方法进行对比,结果表明,此方法在低信噪比的海洋环境下对单一海豚的某一类声信号检测准确度更高,同时具有较强的抗干扰能力。

考虑电流影响的光谱拟合模型研究

峰值电流的变化会导致半导体发光二极管(LED)的峰值波长发生变化。本文通过测试13种大功率LED在不同电流条件下的光谱,提出一种含电流参数的双高斯函数LED光谱模型,并对单色光和白光进行了拟合验证。结果表明:(1)含电流参数的双高斯光谱模型可有效预测不同电流条件下的LED峰值波长和光谱;(2)采用含电流参数的双高斯模型可有效提升白光光谱的光谱拟合效果。考虑电流参数后,在不增加LED数量的条件下,调整驱动电流可以使白光光谱的拟合结果相关系数从0.77提升至0.83。本研究对LED光谱组装和智能化LED产品的设计具有重要意义。

基于PSK调制的数字通信信号仿真分析技术

基于PSK调制的数字通信系统在无线通信工程实践中有着广泛的应用,由于受到各种条件的限制,从实际工程系统接收到的PSK数字通信信号在教学科研中不易获得,而PSK调制仿真数据则可以自己产生。在掌握通信原理和仿真技术的基础上利用Matlab实现对BPSK、DPSK、QPSK、DQPSK、8PSK、π/4-DQPSK、OQPSK等数字通信信号源的模拟仿真,可对调制体制、工作频率、传输码率、采样频率、信道特征等参数进行灵活设置,并按要求生成规定格式的DAT数据文件,可作为调制方式识别软件的训练和测试样本。结合模方谱、平方谱、四次方谱、八次方谱等谱线参数特征,同时结合星座图和眼图进行基于PSK调制的数字通信信号的调制体制判别和验证。

钼铼合金在空间核电源中的应用性能研究进展

钼(Mo)中加入铼(Re)可显著改善钼的低温脆性进而提高其加工性能及焊接性能,提高强度的同时仍保持良好的塑性。Re元素含量为14%左右时,Mo-Re合金延伸率接近40%,加工性能最好,而同时存在一定的Re元素固溶强化作用。在1550 K以下温度,Mo-Re合金与UO 2的相容性较好。在1300 K以下时,Mo-Re合金与UN的相容性较好。在1800 K以下时,Mo-Re合金与碱金属Li、Na、K的相容性均较好。钼铼合金与核燃料及碱金属冷却剂均具有良好的相容性,且Re元素是一种较好的谱移吸收体材料,可有效降低反应堆临界事故风险。钼铼合金是空间核电源中最佳反应堆芯结构材料。本文对钼铼合金的研究状况进行总结,为国内相关空间核反应堆电源系统设计选材和研究提供参考。

高斯光束的光谱传输特性分析

为了研究光束的光谱传输特性,根据广义惠更斯-菲涅耳原理,推导了高斯光束光谱经自由空间和湍流大气传输的表达式,并以中心频率为1.78×1015rad/s、谱宽为8.39×1013rad/s的高斯光束为例进行了数值分析。结果表明,高斯光束传输过程中,z轴附近光谱存在少量蓝移,离轴距离增大到约为0.5w(z)时,光谱由蓝移变为红移,湍流效应对离轴较远点的谱移现象有比较明显的抑制作用,而增大源光谱的带宽,则会使谱移现象更显著;计算1.78×1015rad/s和1.75×1015rad/s两束单色光传输5000m时传输截面上的光强分布发现,对于某个横向位置,源光谱中心频率激光的强度会比某个其它频率激光的强度小,产生传输截面上的谱移现象,谱移现象随各参量的变化规律可由高斯光束的束腰变化规律和湍流效应对光束的展宽效应进行解释。

基于全量程的复谱频域OCT系统

为了改善经典谱频域光学层析成像(OCT)技术,提高层析图像的分辨率,实现全量程的有效探测深度,采用了3种改进方法,相移谱频域OCT、相移差分谱频域OCT和复谱频域OCT,对测试样品三层盖波片进行成像实验.实验结果表明,相移谱频域OCT和相移差分谱频域OCT虽然可以消除图像的混叠,提高图像的分辨率,但是它们的有效探测深度小于全量程的一半.复谱频域OCT不仅可以消除图像的混叠,提高图像的分辨率,而且可以实现全量程的有效深度探测.